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Itoh H, Kaneko H, Kiriyama H, Kamon T, Fujiu K, Morita K, Yotsumoto H, Michihata N, Jo T, Takeda N, Morita H, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Reverse J-shaped relationship between body mass index and in-hospital mortality of patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan. Heart Vessels 2020; 36:383-392. [PMID: 32980921 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrated body mass index (BMI) to be inversely associated with outcomes of patients with HF, so-called obesity paradox. However, the relationship between BMI and outcomes of patients with HF in Japan has been poorly understood. This study sought to explore the relationship between BMI and in-hospital mortality of patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) in Japan and whether BMI at hospital admission could be used for the risk stratification of hospitalized HF patients. We studied 407,722 patients hospitalized for HF between January 2010 and March 2018, using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a national inpatient database in Japan. Patients were categorized into four groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 66,342 patients (16.3%); normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), 240,801 patients (59.1%); pre-obesity (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), 76,954 patients (18.9%); and obesity (≥ 30.0 kg/m2), 23,625 patients (5.8%). Pre-obese and obese patients were younger and more likely to be male. Advanced HF symptoms were more common among underweight patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis fitted with generalized estimating equation showed that, compared with normal weight patients underweight patients had higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.45-1.55), whereas pre-obese patients (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.83) and obese patients (odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.84-0.97) had lower in-hospital mortality. Restricted cubic spline showed a reverse J-shaped relationship between BMI and in-hospital mortality with the bottoms of splines around BMI 26 kg/m2. In conclusion, underweight patients had higher, and pre-obese and obese patients had lower in-hospital mortality compared to patients with normal weight patients. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline indicated a reverse J-shaped relationship between BMI and in-hospital mortality. Our findings are informative for the risk stratification of patients hospitalized for HF according to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Itoh
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kiriyama
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kamon
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Morita
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Yotsumoto
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Gender Differences in Prognostic Markers of All-Cause Death in Patients with Acute Heart Failure: a Prospective 18-Month Follow-Up Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:97-109. [PMID: 31119563 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) is a life-threatening condition with poor prognosis. Gender differences have been increasingly recognized in diverse cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate gender-specific prognostic markers of all-cause death in AHF patients based on a prospective 18-month follow-up study. Data were collected from 419 patients with AHF hospitalization who were followed up for 18 months using all-cause death as primary endpoint. The mean age of all patients was 60.9 ± 15.7 years old, 277 were males, and 142 were females. Females had higher rate of valvular heart disease (37.3%) and atrial fibrillation (45.8%) but lower rate of cardiomyopathy (30.3%) than males in this cohort. Based on multiple COX stepwise regression and ROC curve analysis, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum sodium, serum creatinine, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were identified as independent predictors of all-cause death in male AHF patients, while systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine, and serum D-dimer as independent predictors in females. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher probability of all-cause death over time in male AHF patients with DBP ≤ 77 mmHg, serum sodium ≤ 138.5 mM, serum creatinine ≥ 126.2 μM, or PASP ≥ 52 mmHg, and in female AHF patients with SBP ≤ 129 mmHg, serum AST > 29.3 U/L, serum creatinine ≥ 102.7 μM, or serum D-dimer ≥ 1.76 mg/L. In conclusion, these data provide novel insights into gender differences in prognostic markers of outcomes of AHF patients.
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