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Valderrama K, Balado M, Rey-Varela D, Rodríguez J, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Jiménez C, Lemos ML. Outer membrane protein FrpA, the siderophore piscibactin receptor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, as a subunit vaccine against photobacteriosis in sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:723-729. [PMID: 31580933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photobacteriosis caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Pdp) remains one of the main infectious diseases affecting cultured fish in Mediterranean countries. Diverse vaccine formulations based in the use of inactivated bacterial cells have been used with unsatisfactory results, especially in newly cultured species like sole (Solea senegalensis). In this work, we describe the use of the outer membrane receptor (FrpA) of the siderophore piscibactin produced by Pdp as a novel subunit vaccine against photobacteriosis. FrpA has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli under an arabinose-inducible promoter. A recombinant protein (rFrpA) containing the pelB localization signal and a His tag was constructed to obtain a pure native form of the protein from E. coli outer membranes. The immunogenicity of rFrpA, and its protective effect against photobacteriosis, was tested by i.p. injection of 30 μg of the protein, mixed with Freund's adjuvant, in sole fingerlings with two immunizations separated by 30 days. Results showed that using either pure rFrpA or whole cells as immobilized antigens in ELISA assays, rFrpA induces the production of specific antibodies in sole. An experimental infection using fish vaccinated with rFrpA or formalin-killed whole cells of Pdp showed that both groups were protected against Pdp infection at similar levels, with no significant differences, reaching RPS values of 73% and 79%, respectively. Thus, FrpA constitutes a promising antigen candidate for the development of novel more effective vaccines against fish photobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Valderrama
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain; Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Diego Rey-Varela
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain
| | - Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain.
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, 15071 A, Spain.
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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Saavedra J, Grandón M, Villalobos-González J, Bohle H, Bustos P, Mancilla M. Isolation, Functional Characterization and Transmissibility of p3PS10, a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid of the Fish Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:923. [PMID: 29867834 PMCID: PMC5952111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern due to its association with the loss of efficacy of antimicrobial therapies. Horizontal transfer events may play a significant role in the dissemination of resistant bacterial phenotypes, being mobilizable plasmids a well-known mechanism. In this study, we aimed to gain insights into the genetics underlying the development of antibiotic resistance by Piscirickettsia salmonis isolates, a bacterial fish pathogen and causative agent of salmonid piscirickettsiosis, and the main target of antibiotics used in Chilean salmon farming. We provide experimental evidence that the plasmid p3PS10, which harbors multidrug resistance genes for chloramphenicol (cat2), tetracyclines [tet(31)], aminoglycosides (sat1 and aadA1), and sulfonamides (sul2), is carried by a group of P. salmonis isolates exhibiting a markedly reduced susceptibility to oxytetracycline in vitro (128–256 μg/mL of minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis extended to those antibiotics showed that MIC of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were high, but the MIC of florfenicol remained at the wild-type level. By means of molecular cloning, we demonstrate that those genes encoding putative resistance markers are indeed functional. Interestingly, mating assays clearly show that p3PS10 is able to be transferred into and replicate in different hosts, thereby conferring phenotypes similar to those found in the original host. According to epidemiological data, this strain is distributed across aquaculture settings in southern Chile and is likely to be responsible for oxytetracycline treatment failures. This work demonstrates that P. salmonis is more versatile than it was thought, capable of horizontally transferring DNA, and probably playing a role as a vector of resistance traits among the seawater bacterial population. However, the low transmission frequency of p3PS10 suggests a negligible chance of resistance markers being spread to human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile SpA, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Maritza Grandón
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile SpA, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Harry Bohle
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile SpA, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Patricio Bustos
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile SpA, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Marcos Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile SpA, Puerto Montt, Chile
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Major concerns surround the use of antimicrobial agents in farm-raised fish, including the potential impacts these uses may have on the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in fish and the aquatic environment. Currently, some antimicrobial agents commonly used in aquaculture are only partially effective against select fish pathogens due to the emergence of resistant bacteria. Although reports of ineffectiveness in aquaculture due to resistant pathogens are scarce in the literature, some have reported mass mortalities in
Penaeus monodon
larvae caused by
Vibrio harveyi
resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance have been described in aquaculture environments and are commonly found on mobile genetic elements which are recognized as the primary source of antimicrobial resistance for important fish pathogens. Indeed, resistance genes have been found on transferable plasmids and integrons in pathogenic bacterial species in the genera
Aeromonas
,
Yersinia
,
Photobacterium
,
Edwardsiella
, and
Vibrio
. Class 1 integrons and IncA/C plasmids have been widely identified in important fish pathogens (
Aeromonas
spp.,
Yersinia
spp.,
Photobacterium
spp.,
Edwardsiella
spp., and
Vibrio
spp.) and are thought to play a major role in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the aquatic environment. The identification of plasmids in terrestrial pathogens (
Salmonella enterica
serotypes,
Escherichia coli
, and others) which have considerable homology to plasmid backbone DNA from aquatic pathogens suggests that the plasmid profiles of fish pathogens are extremely plastic and mobile and constitute a considerable reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes for pathogens in diverse environments.
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Dubert J, Osorio CR, Prado S, Barja JL. Persistence of Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio spp. in Shellfish Hatchery Environment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:851-860. [PMID: 26552396 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of antibiotic-resistant vibrios isolated from shellfish aquaculture is necessary to elucidate the potential transfer of resistance and to establish effective strategies against vibriosis. With this aim, we analyzed a collection of bacterial isolates obtained from 15 failed hatchery larval cultures that, for the most part, had been treated experimentally with chloramphenicol to prevent vibriosis. Isolates were obtained during a 2-year study from experimental cultures of five different clam species. Among a total of 121 Vibrio isolates studied, 28 were found to be chloramphenicol resistant, suggesting that the shellfish hatchery had been using a sublethal concentration of the antibiotic. Interestingly, chloramphenicol-resistant vibrios showed also resistance to tetracycline and amoxicillin (group A; n = 19) or to streptomycin (group B; n = 9). Chloramphenicol-resistant vibrios were subjected to a PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes (cat), and the same approach was followed to study the tetracycline resistance markers (tet). 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing revealed that chloramphenicol-resistant vibrios pertained mostly to the Splendidus clade. Conjugation assays demonstrated that various R-plasmids which harbored the cat II/tet(D) genes and cat III gene in groups A and B respectively, were transferred to E. coli and bivalve pathogenic vibrios. Most interestingly, transconjugants exhibited the antibiotic resistance patterns of the donors, despite having been selected only on the basis of chloramphenicol resistance. This is the first report carried out in a bivalve hatchery elucidating the persistence of resistant vibrios, the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and the transfer of different R-plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Dubert
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology and Aquaculture Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Carlos R Osorio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology and Aquaculture Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Susana Prado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology and Aquaculture Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology and Aquaculture Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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Pathogenesis of Photobacterium damselae subspecies infections in sea bass and sea bream. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yakimov MM, Crisafi F, Messina E, Smedile F, Lopatina A, Denaro R, Pieper DH, Golyshin PN, Giuliano L. Analysis of defence systems and a conjugative IncP-1 plasmid in the marine polyaromatic hydrocarbons-degrading bacterium Cycloclasticus sp. 78-ME. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:508-519. [PMID: 27345842 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine prokaryotes have evolved a broad repertoire of defence systems to protect their genomes from lateral gene transfer including innate or acquired immune systems and infection-induced programmed cell suicide and dormancy. Here we report on the analysis of multiple defence systems present in the genome of the strain Cycloclasticus sp. 78-ME isolated from petroleum deposits of the tanker 'Amoco Milford Haven'. Cycloclasticus are ubiquitous bacteria globally important in polyaromatic hydrocarbons degradation in marine environments. Two 'defence islands' were identified in 78-ME genome: the first harbouring CRISPR-Cas with toxin-antitoxin system, while the second was composed by an array of genes for toxin-antitoxin and restriction-modification proteins. Among all identified spacers of CRISPR-Cas system only seven spacers match sequences of phages and plasmids. Furthermore, a conjugative plasmid p7ME01, which belongs to a new IncP-1θ ancestral archetype without any accessory mobile elements was found in 78-ME. Our results provide the context to the co-occurrence of diverse defence mechanisms in the genome of Cycloclasticus sp. 78-ME, which protect the genome of this highly specialized PAH-degrader. This study contributes to the further understanding of complex networks established in petroleum-based microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail M Yakimov
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Francesca Crisafi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Enzo Messina
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Francesco Smedile
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Anna Lopatina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Renata Denaro
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, ECW Bldg Deiniol Rd, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Giuliano
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
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Photobacteriosis: prevention and diagnosis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:793817. [PMID: 24982922 PMCID: PMC4058529 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobacteriosis or fish pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease affecting wild and farm fish. Its etiological agent, the gram negative bacterium Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, is responsible for important economic losses in cultured fish worldwide, in particular in Mediterranean countries and Japan. Efforts have been focused on gaining a better understanding of the biology of the pathogenic microorganism and its natural hosts with the aim of developing effective vaccination strategies and diagnostic tools to control the disease. Conventional vaccinology has thus far yielded unsatisfactory results, and recombinant technology has been applied to identify new antigen candidates for the development of subunit vaccines. Furthermore, molecular methods represent an improvement over classical microbiological techniques for the identification of P. damselae subsp. piscicida and the diagnosis of the disease. The complete sequencing, annotation, and analysis of the pathogen genome will provide insights into the pathogen laying the groundwork for the development of vaccines and diagnostic methods.
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Norberg P, Bergström M, Hermansson M. Complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of two conjugative broad host range plasmids from a marine microbial biofilm. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92321. [PMID: 24647540 PMCID: PMC3960245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of plasmids pMCBF1 and pMCBF6 was determined and analyzed. pMCBF1 and pMCBF6 form a novel clade within the IncP-1 plasmid family designated IncP-1 ς. The plasmids were exogenously isolated earlier from a marine biofilm. pMCBF1 (62 689 base pairs; bp) and pMCBF6 (66 729 bp) have identical backbones, but differ in their mercury resistance transposons. pMCBF1 carries Tn5053 and pMCBF6 carries Tn5058. Both are flanked by 5 bp direct repeats, typical of replicative transposition. Both insertions are in the vicinity of a resolvase gene in the backbone, supporting the idea that both transposons are “res-site hunters” that preferably insert close to and use external resolvase functions. The similarity of the backbones indicates recent insertion of the two transposons and the ongoing dynamics of plasmid evolution in marine biofilms. Both plasmids also carry the insertion sequence ISPst1, albeit without flanking repeats. ISPs1is located in an unusual site within the control region of the plasmid. In contrast to most known IncP-1 plasmids the pMCBF1/pMCBF6 backbone has no insert between the replication initiation gene (trfA) and the vegetative replication origin (oriV). One pMCBF1/pMCBF6 block of about 2.5 kilo bases (kb) has no similarity with known sequences in the databases. Furthermore, insertion of three genes with similarity to the multidrug efflux pump operon mexEF and a gene from the NodT family of the tripartite multi-drug resistance-nodulation-division (RND) system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found. They do not seem to confer antibiotic resistance to the hosts of pMCBF1/pMCBF6, but the presence of RND on promiscuous plasmids may have serious implications for the spread of antibiotic multi-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Norberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Bergström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira CS, Moura A, Henriques I, Brown CJ, Rogers LM, Top EM, Correia A. Comparative genomics of IncP-1ε plasmids from water environments reveals diverse and unique accessory genetic elements. Plasmid 2013; 70:412-9. [PMID: 23831558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine and compare the complete genome sequences of three new broad-host-range conjugative plasmids. Plasmids pMLUA1, pMLUA3 and pMLUA4 were previously recovered from estuarine water by exogenous plasmid isolation and ranged in size from ∼55 to 59 kb. Comparative genomics showed that their backbone region was identical to the prototype pKJK5 and other IncP1-ε plasmids captured from soils. The accessory region was inserted between the tra region and parA, and presented the typical IncP-1ε ISPa17 and Tn402-like transposon modules. Nevertheless, new class 1 integrons were identified (In794, carrying aadA5 and In795, carrying qacF5-aadA5), as well as a composite transposon IS26-msr(E)-mph(E)-IS26 carrying genes that confer resistance to macrolides. A new insertion sequence, termed ISUnCu17, was also identified on pMLUA3. The architecture of the accessory regions implies the occurrence of multiple insertions and deletions. These data support the notion that IncP-1 plasmids from the ε subgroup are proficient in the capture of diverse genetic elements, including antibiotic resistance genes, and thus may contribute to the co-selection of several resistance determinants. This study constitutes the first report of completely sequenced IncP-1ε plasmids from water environments, and enhances our understanding of the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of these replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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