1
|
Fattouh N, Husni R, Finianos M, Bitar I, Khalaf RA. Adhesive and biofilm-forming Candida glabrata Lebanese hospital isolates harbour mutations in subtelomeric silencers and adhesins. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13750. [PMID: 38813959 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Candida glabrata healthcare-associated infections is on the rise worldwide and in Lebanon, Candida glabrata infections are difficult to treat as a result of their resistance to azole antifungals and their ability to form biofilms. OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to quantify biofilm biomass in the most virulent C. glabrata isolates detected in a Lebanese hospital. In addition, other pathogenicity attributes were evaluated. The second objective was to identify the mechanisms of azole resistance in those isolates. METHODS A mouse model of disseminated systemic infection was developed to evaluate the degree of virulence of 41 azole-resistant C. glabrata collected from a Lebanese hospital. The most virulent isolates were further evaluated alongside an isolate having attenuated virulence and a reference strain for comparative purposes. A DNA-sequencing approach was adopted to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to amino acid changes in proteins involved in azole resistance and biofilm formation. This genomic approach was supported by several phenotypic assays. RESULTS All chosen virulent isolates exhibited increased adhesion and biofilm biomass compared to the isolate having attenuated virulence. The amino acid substitutions D679E and I739N detected in the subtelomeric silencer Sir3 are potentially involved- in increased adhesion. In all isolates, amino acid substitutions were detected in the ATP-binding cassette transporters Cdr1 and Pdh1 and their transcriptional regulator Pdr1. CONCLUSIONS In summary, increased adhesion led to stable biofilm formation since mutated Sir3 could de-repress adhesins, while decreased azole susceptibility could result from mutations in Cdr1, Pdh1 and Pdr1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fattouh
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Saint George University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Husni
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese American University Medical Center, Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Finianos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ibrahim Bitar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Roy A Khalaf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arrieta-Aguirre I, Menéndez-Manjón P, Carrano G, Diez A, Fernandez-de-Larrinoa Í, Moragues MD. Molecular Identification of Fungal Species through Multiplex-qPCR to Determine Candidal Vulvovaginitis and Antifungal Susceptibility. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1145. [PMID: 38132746 PMCID: PMC10744653 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent condition affecting women worldwide. This study aimed to develop a rapid qPCR assay for the accurate identification of VVC etiological agents and reduced azole susceptibility. One hundred and twenty nine vaginal samples from an outpatient clinic (Bilbao, Spain) were analyzed using culture-based methods and a multiplex qPCR targeting fungal species, which identified Candida albicans as the predominant species (94.2%). Antifungal susceptibility tests revealed reduced azole susceptibility in three (3.48%) isolates. Molecular analysis identified several mutations in genes associated with azole resistance as well as novel mutations in TAC1 and MRR1 genes. In conclusion, we developed a rapid multiplex qPCR assay that detects C. albicans in vulvovaginal specimens and reported new mutations in resistance-related genes that could contribute to azole resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Arrieta-Aguirre
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (M.-D.M.)
| | - Pilar Menéndez-Manjón
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (M.-D.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (G.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Giulia Carrano
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (G.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ander Diez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (G.C.); (A.D.)
| | | | - María-Dolores Moragues
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (P.M.-M.); (M.-D.M.)
- IIS BioCruces Bizkaia, 48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The H741D mutation in Tac1p contributes to the upregulation of CDR1 and CDR2 expression in Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1553-1561. [DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
4
|
Feng W, Yang J, Ji Y, Xi Z, Yang L, Zhu X, Ma Y. Mrr2
mutations and upregulation are associated with increased fluconazole resistance in
Candida albicans
isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 70:95-101. [PMID: 31705810 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Feng
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - J. Yang
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Y. Ji
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Z. Xi
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - L. Yang
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - X. Zhu
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Y. Ma
- The Department of Dermatovenereology The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Contribution of Clinically Derived Mutations in the Gene Encoding the Zinc Cluster Transcription Factor Mrr2 to Fluconazole Antifungal Resistance and CDR1 Expression in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00078-19. [PMID: 30833425 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00078-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding zinc cluster transcription factors (ZCFs) such as TAC1, MRR1, and UPC2 play a key role in Candida albicans azole antifungal resistance. Artificial activation of the ZCF Mrr2 has shown increased expression of the gene encoding the Cdr1 efflux pump and resistance to fluconazole. Amino acid substitutions in Mrr2 have recently been reported to contribute to fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates. In the present study, 57 C. albicans clinical isolates with elevated fluconazole MICs were examined for mutations in MRR2 and expression of CDR1 Mutations in MRR2 resulting in 15 amino acid substitutions were uniquely identified among resistant isolates, including 4 substitutions (S466L, A468G, S469T, T470N) previously reported to reduce fluconazole susceptibility. Three additional, novel amino acid substitutions (R45Q, A459T, V486M) were also discovered in fluconazole-resistant isolates. When introduced into a fluconazole-susceptible background, no change in fluconazole MIC or CDR1 expression was observed for any of the mutations found in this collection. However, introduction of an allele leading to artificial activation of Mrr2 increased resistance to fluconazole as well as CDR1 expression. Moreover, Mrr2 amino acid changes reported previously to have the strongest effect on fluconazole susceptibility and CDR1 expression also exhibited no differences in fluconazole susceptibility or CDR1 expression relative to the parent strain. While all known fluconazole resistance mechanisms are represented within this collection of clinical isolates and contribute to fluconazole resistance to different extents, mutations in MRR2 do not appear to alter CDR1 expression or contribute to resistance in any of these isolates.
Collapse
|
6
|
Candida albicans Zn Cluster Transcription Factors Tac1 and Znc1 Are Activated by Farnesol To Upregulate a Transcriptional Program Including the Multidrug Efflux Pump CDR1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00968-18. [PMID: 30104273 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00968-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule, inhibits Candida albicans hyphal formation, affects its biofilm formation and dispersal, and impacts its stress response. Several aspects of farnesol's mechanism of action remain incompletely uncharacterized. Among these are a thorough accounting of the cellular receptors and transporters for farnesol. This work suggests these processes are linked through the Zn cluster transcription factors Tac1 and Znc1 and their induction of the multidrug efflux pump Cdr1. Specifically, we have demonstrated that Tac1 and Znc1 are functionally activated by farnesol through a mechanism that mimics other means of hyperactivation of Zn cluster transcription factors. This is consistent with our observation that many genes acutely induced by farnesol are dependent on TAC1, ZNC1, or both. A related molecule, 1-dodecanol, invokes a similar TAC1-ZNC1 response, while several other proposed C. albicans quorum-sensing molecules do not. Tac1 and Znc1 both bind to and upregulate the CDR1 promoter in response to farnesol. Differences in inducer and DNA binding specificity lead to Tac1 and Znc1 having overlapping, but nonidentical, regulons. Induction of genes by farnesol via Tac1 and Znc1 was inversely related to the level of CDR1 present in the cell, suggesting a model in which induction of CDR1 by Tac1 and Znc1 leads to an increase in farnesol efflux. Consistent with this premise, our results show that CDR1 expression, and its regulation by TAC1 and ZNC1, facilitates growth in the presence of high farnesol concentrations in C. albicans and in certain strains of its close relative, C. dubliniensis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan YJ, Lin YC, Yu BF, Zu YG, Yu F, Tang ZH. Transcriptomics comparison reveals the diversity of ethylene and methyl-jasmonate in roles of TIA metabolism in Catharanthus roseus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:508. [PMID: 29966514 PMCID: PMC6029152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus), accumulates a wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). Ethylene (ET) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) were previously reported as effective elicitors for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites of C. roseus, while a few ET or MeJA induced transcriptomic research is yet reported on this species. In this study, the de-novo transcriptome assembly of C. roseus is performed by using the next-generation sequencing technology. Results The result shows that phenolic biosynthesis genes respond specifically to ET in leaves, monoterpenoid biosynthesis genes respond specifically to MeJA in roots. By screening the database, 23 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter partial sequences are identified in C. roseus. On this basis, more than 80 key genes that encode key enzymes (namely TIA pathway, transcriptional factor (TF) and candidate ABC transporter) of alkaloid synthesis in TIA biosynthetic pathways are chosen to explore the integrative responses to ET and MeJA at the transcriptional level. Our data indicated that TIA accumulation is strictly regulated by the TF ethylene responsive factor (ERF) and bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1). The heatmap, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) of C. roseus, shows that ERF co-expression with ABC2 and ABC8 specific expression in roots affect the root-specific accumulation of vinblastine in C. roseus. On the contrast, BIS1 activities follow a similar pattern of ABC3 and CrTPT2 specific expression in leaves, which affects the leaf-specific accumulation of vindoline in C. roseus. Conclusions Results presented above illustrate that ethylene has a stronger effect than MeJA on TIA induction at both transcriptional and metabolite level. Furthermore, meta-analysis reveals that ERF and BIS1 form a positive feedback loop connecting two ABC transporters respectively and are actively involved in TIAs responding to ET and MeJA in C. roseus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4879-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Research, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Bo-Fan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Zu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hampe IAI, Friedman J, Edgerton M, Morschhäuser J. An acquired mechanism of antifungal drug resistance simultaneously enables Candida albicans to escape from intrinsic host defenses. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006655. [PMID: 28953977 PMCID: PMC5633205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans frequently produces genetically altered variants to adapt to environmental changes and new host niches in the course of its life-long association with the human host. Gain-of-function mutations in zinc cluster transcription factors, which result in the constitutive upregulation of their target genes, are a common cause of acquired resistance to the widely used antifungal drug fluconazole, especially during long-term therapy of oropharyngeal candidiasis. In this study, we investigated if C. albicans also can develop resistance to the antimicrobial peptide histatin 5, which is secreted in the saliva of humans to protect the oral mucosa from pathogenic microbes. As histatin 5 has been shown to be transported out of C. albicans cells by the Flu1 efflux pump, we screened a library of C. albicans strains that contain artificially activated forms of all zinc cluster transcription factors of this fungus for increased FLU1 expression. We found that a hyperactive Mrr1, which confers fluconazole resistance by upregulating the multidrug efflux pump MDR1 and other genes, also causes FLU1 overexpression. Similarly to the artificially activated Mrr1, naturally occurring gain-of-function mutations in this transcription factor also caused FLU1 upregulation and increased histatin 5 resistance. Surprisingly, however, Mrr1-mediated histatin 5 resistance was mainly caused by the upregulation of MDR1 instead of FLU1, revealing a previously unrecognized function of the Mdr1 efflux pump. Fluconazole-resistant clinical C. albicans isolates with different Mrr1 gain-of-function mutations were less efficiently killed by histatin 5, and this phenotype was reverted when MRR1 was deleted. Therefore, antimycotic therapy can promote the evolution of strains that, as a consequence of drug resistance mutations, simultaneously have acquired increased resistance against an innate host defense mechanism and are thereby better adapted to certain host niches. The yeast Candida albicans is part of the normal microflora of most healthy persons, but it can also cause symptomatic infections when host defenses are compromised. C. albicans frequently generates genetically altered variants that are better adapted to changes in its environment during colonization and infection. We investigated if C. albicans can evolve resistance to histatin 5 (Hst 5), an antimicrobial peptide that is produced in the saliva of humans and protects the oral cavity against this pathogen. We found that activated forms of the transcription factor Mrr1 reduce the susceptibility of C. albicans to killing by Hst 5, a phenotype that was partially caused by Mrr1-mediated overexpression of the multidrug efflux pump MDR1. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in Mrr1 are a frequent cause of resistance to the antifungal drug fluconazole, especially during long-term treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients, but they may also reduce the fitness of the fungus in the absence of the drug. Fluconazole-resistant clinical C. albicans isolates containing GOF mutations in Mrr1 displayed enhanced Hst 5 resistance, demonstrating that antimycotic therapy can promote the evolution of strains that simultaneously have acquired increased resistance against an innate host defense mechanism and are thereby better adapted to specific host niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. I. Hampe
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Justin Friedman
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mira Edgerton
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Joachim Morschhäuser
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anderson MZ, Saha A, Haseeb A, Bennett RJ. A chromosome 4 trisomy contributes to increased fluconazole resistance in a clinical isolate of Candida albicans. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017. [PMID: 28640746 PMCID: PMC5737213 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of causing both mucosal and disseminated disease. Infections are often treated with fluconazole, a front-line antifungal drug that targets the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. Resistance to fluconazole can arise through a variety of mechanisms, including gain-of-function mutations, loss of heterozygosity events and aneuploidy. The clinical isolate P60002 was found to be highly resistant to azole-class drugs, yet lacked mutations or chromosomal rearrangements known to be associated with azole resistance. Transcription profiling suggested that increased expression of two putative drug efflux pumps, CDR11 and QDR1, might confer azole resistance. However, ectopic expression of the P60002 alleles of these genes in a drug-susceptible strain did not increase fluconazole resistance. We next examined whether the presence of three copies of chromosome 4 (Chr4) or chromosome 6 (Chr6) contributed to azole resistance in P60002. We established that Chr4 trisomy contributes significantly to fluconazole resistance, whereas Chr6 trisomy has no discernible effect on resistance. In contrast, a Chr4 trisomy did not increase fluconazole resistance when present in the standard SC5314 strain background. These results establish a link between Chr4 trisomy and elevated fluconazole resistance, and demonstrate the impact of genetic background on drug resistance phenotypes in C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Amrita Saha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Abid Haseeb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Richard J Bennett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vargas-Blanco D, Lynn A, Rosch J, Noreldin R, Salerni A, Lambert C, Rao RP. A pre-therapeutic coating for medical devices that prevents the attachment of Candida albicans. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:41. [PMID: 28526091 PMCID: PMC5438570 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital acquired fungal infections are defined as "never events"-medical errors that should never have happened. Systemic Candida albicans infections results in 30-50% mortality rates. Typically, adhesion to abiotic medical devices and implants initiates such infections. Efficient adhesion initiates formation of aggressive biofilms that are difficult to treat. Therefore, inhibitors of adhesion are important for drug development and likely to have a broad spectrum efficacy against many fungal pathogens. In this study we further the development of a small molecule, Filastatin, capable of preventing C. albicans adhesion. We explored the potential of Filastatin as a pre-therapeutic coating of a diverse range of biomaterials. METHODS Filastatin was applied on various biomaterials, specifically bioactive glass (cochlear implants, subcutaneous drug delivery devices and prosthetics); silicone (catheters and other implanted devices) and dental resin (dentures and dental implants). Adhesion to biomaterials was evaluated by direct visualization of wild type C. albicans or a non-adherent mutant edt1 -/- that were stained or fluorescently tagged. Strains grown overnight at 30 °C were harvested, allowed to attach to surfaces for 4 h and washed prior to visualization. The adhesion force of C. albicans cells attached to surfaces treated with Filastatin was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy. Effectiveness of Filastatin was also demonstrated under dynamic conditions using a flow cell bioreactor. The effect of Filastatin under microfluidic flow conditions was quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Experiments were typically performed in triplicate. RESULTS Treatment with Filastatin significantly inhibited the ability of C. albicans to adhere to bioactive glass (by 99.06%), silicone (by 77.27%), and dental resin (by 60.43%). Atomic force microcopy indicated that treatment with Filastatin decreased the adhesion force of C. albicans from 0.23 to 0.017 nN. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a microfluidic device that mimic physiological flow conditions in vivo showed lower impedance for C. albicans when treated with Filastatin as compared to untreated control cells, suggesting decreased attachment. The anti-adhesive properties were maintained when Filastatin was included in the preparation of silicone materials. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that Filastatin treated medical devices prevented adhesion of Candida, thereby reducing nosocomial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Vargas-Blanco
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Aung Lynn
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Jonah Rosch
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Rony Noreldin
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Anthony Salerni
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| | - Reeta P. Rao
- Life Science and Bioengineering Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans – an example of microevolution of a fungal pathogen. J Microbiol 2016; 54:192-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-5628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|