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Huang L, Zhu L, Yan J, Lin Y, Ding D, He L, Li Y, Ying Y, Shen L, Jiang Y, Cai H, Jiang T. Genomic characterization and outbreak investigations of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a county-level hospital in China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387855. [PMID: 38638904 PMCID: PMC11025083 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen contributing to healthcare-associated infections, which can result in multiple sites infections. The epidemiological characteristics of MRSA exhibit variability among distinct regions and healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and nosocomial outbreak characteristics of MRSA in a county-level hospital in China. A total of 130 non-repetitive MRSA strains were collected from December 2020 to November 2021. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to ascertain genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. Independent transmission scenarios were determined by the phylogeny derived from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the core genome. All the MRSA isolates were collected from the intensive care unit (30.00%, 39/130), the department of otorhinolaryngology (10.00%, 13/130) and the department of burn unit (9.23%, 12/130). The clinical samples mainly included phlegm (53.85%, 70/130), purulent fluid (24.62%, 32/130), and secretions (8.46%, 11/130). The resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin were 75.38, 40.00, and 39.23%, respectively. All the isolates belonged to 11 clonal complexes (CCs), with the major prevalent types were CC5, CC59, and CC398, accounting for 30.00% (39/130), 29.23% (38/130), and 16.92% (22/130), respectively. Twenty sequence types (STs) were identified, and ST59 (25.38%, 33/130) was the dominant lineage, followed by ST5 (23.84%, 31/130) and ST398 (16.92%, 22/130). Three different SCCmec types were investigated, most of isolates were type IV (33.85%, 44/130), followed by type II (27.69%, 36/130) and type III (0.77%, 1/130). The common clonal structures included CC5-ST5-t2460-SCCmec IIa, CC59-ST59-t437-SCCmec IV and CC398-ST398-t034-SCCmec (-), with rates of 16.92% (22/130), 14.62% (19/130), and 13.84% (18/130), respectively. Only 12 panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL) positive strains were identified. Two independent clonal outbreaks were detected, one consisting of 22 PVL-negative strains belongs to CC5-ST5-t2460-SCCmec IIa and the other consisting of 8 PVL-negative strains belongs to CC5-ST5-t311-SCCmec IIa. Overall, our study indicated that the CC5 lineage emerged as the predominant epidemic clone of MRSA, responsible for nosocomial outbreaks and transmission within a county-level hospital in China, highlighting the necessity to strengthen infection control measures for MRSA in such healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Liangrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Wenling Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Jianxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yajing Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yexuzi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yi Ying
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Xianju’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Xianju, China
| | - Lijiong Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Cai
- Burn Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
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Chang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen B, He S, Zhan Z, Zhong N, Tian X, Kang S, Arunachalam K, Shi C. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in frozen flour and rice products in Shanghai, China. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100631. [PMID: 38021263 PMCID: PMC10660022 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is widely recognized as a highly hazardous pathogen that poses significant threats to food safety and public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of S. aureus isolates recovered from 288 frozen flour and rice product samples in Shanghai, China, between September 2019 and May 2020. A total of 81 S. aureus isolates were obtained, representing 25 sequence types (STs), with ST7 being the most prevalent (17.28%, n = 14). The majority of S. aureus isolates (85.19%, n = 69) carried at least one enterotoxin gene, with the seg gene being the most frequently detected (51.85%, n = 42). Additionally, 12 isolates (14.81%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) through mecA gene detection. Notably, this study reported the presence of an ST398 MRSA isolate in frozen flour and rice products for the first time. All MRSA isolates displayed multidrug resistance, with the highest resistance observed against cefoxitin (100.00%), followed by penicillin (91.67%) and erythromycin (66.67%). Genomic analysis of the 12 MRSA isolates revealed the presence of twenty distinct acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), eight chromosomal point mutations, and twenty-four unique virulence genes. Comparative genome analysis indicated close genetic relationships between these MRSA isolates and previously reported MRSA isolates from clinical infections, highlighting the potential transmission of MRSA through the food chain and its implications for public health. Significantly, the identification of three plasmids harboring ARGs, insertion sequences (ISs), the origin of transfer site (oriT), and the relaxase gene suggested the potential for horizontal transfer of ARGs via conjugative plasmids in S. aureus. In conclusion, this study revealed significant contamination of retail frozen flour and rice products with S. aureus, and provided essential data for ensuring food safety and protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shoukui He
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zeqiang Zhan
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Zhong
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shimo Kang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Kannappan Arunachalam
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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Wang W, Pan CY, Huang EY, Peng BJ, Hsu J, Clapper JC. Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Silver(I,III) Oxide Nanoparticle Nanocomposites as Alternative Antimicrobial Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48173-48183. [PMID: 36591150 PMCID: PMC9798751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious microbial diseases can easily be transferred from person to person in the air or via high contact surfaces. As a result, researchers must aspire to create materials that can be implemented in surface contact applications to disrupt pathogen growth and transmission. This study examines the antimicrobial properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver(I,III) oxide. PAN was homogenized with varied weight concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in N,N-dimethylformamide solution, a common organic solvent that serves as both an electrospinning solvent and as a reducing agent that forms AgNPs. The subsequent colloids were electrospun into nanofibers, which were then characterized via various analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A total of 10 microbes, including 7 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 2 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans, were incubated with cutouts of various PAN-AgNP nanocomposites using disk diffusion methods to test for the nanocomposites' antimicrobial efficiency. We report that our electrospun PAN-AgNP nanocomposites contain 100% AgO, a rare, mixed oxidation state of silver(I,III) oxide that is a better sterilizing agent than conventional nanosilver. PAN-AgNP nanocomposites also retain a certain degree of antimicrobial longevity; samples stored for approximately 90 days demonstrate a similar antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Lactobacillus crispatus (L. crispatus) when compared to their newly electrospun counterparts. Moreover, our results indicate that PAN-AgNP nanocomposites successfully display antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi strains regardless of their resistance to conventional antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that PAN-AgNP nanocomposites, a novel polymer material with long-term universal antimicrobial stability, can potentially be applied as a universal antimicrobial on surfaces at risk of contracting microbial infections and alleviate issues related to antibiotic overuse and microbial mutability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
B. Wang
- Department
of Scientific Research, Taipei American
School, Taipei 11152, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department
and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National
Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung
University, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Jing Peng
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Hsu
- Department
of Scientific Research, Taipei American
School, Taipei 11152, Taiwan
| | - Jude C. Clapper
- Department
of Scientific Research, Taipei American
School, Taipei 11152, Taiwan
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Antibacterial Activity of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Copper Nanoparticle Nanofibers on Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132139. [PMID: 35807975 PMCID: PMC9268565 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria induced diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are easily transmitted through respiratory droplets expelled from a person’s nose or mouth. It has become increasingly important for researchers to discover materials that can be implemented in in vitro surface contact settings which disrupt bacterial growth and transmission. Copper (Cu) is known to have antibacterial properties and have been used in medical applications. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based nanofibers coated with different concentrations of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Different concentrations of copper sulfate (CuSO4) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were mixed with dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, an electrospinning solvent that also acts as a reducing agent for CuSO4, which forms CuNPs and Cu ions. The resulting colloidal solutions were electrospun into nanofibers, which were then characterized using various analysis techniques. Methicillin-Resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, an infective strain that induces pneumonia, were incubated with cutouts of various nanocomposites using disk diffusion methods on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar to test for the polymers’ antibacterial properties. Herein, we disclose that PAN-CuNP nanofibers have successfully demonstrated antibacterial activity against bacteria that were otherwise resistant to highly effective antibiotics. Our findings reveal that PAN-CuNP nanofibers have the potential to be used on contact surfaces that are at risk of contracting bacterial infections, such as masks, in vivo implants, or surgical intubation.
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