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Hernaández-Esquivel AA, Castro-Mercado E, Valencia-Cantero E, Alexandre G, García-Pineda E. Application of Azospirillum brasilense Lipopolysaccharides to Promote Early Wheat Plant Growth and Analysis of Related Biochemical Responses. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.579976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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2
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Mikami D, Kurihara H, Takahashi K, Suzuki T, Morishita T. Effects of metal ions on the activity and stability of peroxidase in Tartary buckwheat shoots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jacen.2013.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Plieth C, Vollbehr S. Calcium promotes activity and confers heat stability on plant peroxidases. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012. [PMID: 22580695 DOI: 10.1111/psb.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate how peroxidase (PO) activities and their heat stability correlate with the availability of free Ca(2+) ions. Calcium ions work as a molecular switch for PO activity and exert a protective function, rendering POs heat stable. The concentration ranges of these two activities differ markedly. POs are activated by µM Ca(2+) concentration ranges, whereas heat stabilization is observed in the nM range. This suggests the existence of different Ca(2+) binding sites. The heat stability of POs depends on the source plant species. Terrestrial plants have POs that exhibit higher temperature stability than those POs from limnic and marine plants. Different POs from a single species can differ in terms of heat stability. The abundance of different POs within a plant is dependent on age and developmental stage. The heat stability of a PO does not necessarily correlate with the maximum temperature the source species is usually exposed to in its natural habitat. This raises questions on the role of POs in the heat tolerance of plants. Consequently, detailed investigations are needed to identify and characterize individual POs, with regard to their genetic origin, subcellular expression, tissue abundance, developmental emergence and their functions in innate and acquired heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Plieth
- Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Plieth C, Vollbehr S. Calcium promotes activity and confers heat stability on plant peroxidases. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:650-60. [PMID: 22580695 PMCID: PMC3442860 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate how peroxidase (PO) activities and their heat stability correlate with the availability of free Ca(2+) ions. Calcium ions work as a molecular switch for PO activity and exert a protective function, rendering POs heat stable. The concentration ranges of these two activities differ markedly. POs are activated by µM Ca(2+) concentration ranges, whereas heat stabilization is observed in the nM range. This suggests the existence of different Ca(2+) binding sites. The heat stability of POs depends on the source plant species. Terrestrial plants have POs that exhibit higher temperature stability than those POs from limnic and marine plants. Different POs from a single species can differ in terms of heat stability. The abundance of different POs within a plant is dependent on age and developmental stage. The heat stability of a PO does not necessarily correlate with the maximum temperature the source species is usually exposed to in its natural habitat. This raises questions on the role of POs in the heat tolerance of plants. Consequently, detailed investigations are needed to identify and characterize individual POs, with regard to their genetic origin, subcellular expression, tissue abundance, developmental emergence and their functions in innate and acquired heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Plieth
- Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Bellelli A, Angelucci F, Forte E, Medda R, Floris G. Nitric oxide, substrate of Euphorbia characias peroxidase, switches off the CN(-) inhibitory effect. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:305-12. [PMID: 23772363 PMCID: PMC3678129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) by Euphorbia characias latex peroxidase (ELP-FeIII), in the presence or in the absence of added calcium, has been investigated. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the native enzyme leads to the formation of Compound I and serves to catalyse the NO oxidation. The addition of NO to Compound I leads to the formation of Compound II and, afterwards, to the native enzyme spectrum. Under anaerobic conditions, the incubation of the native enzyme (ELP-FeIII)with NO leads to the formation of the stable complex, showing a characteristic absorption spectrum (ELP-FeII–NO+). The rate of the formation of this complex is slower in the presence of calcium than in its absence, and the same applies to the rate of the formation of Compound II from Compound I, using NO as substrate. Finally, we demonstrate that NO protects ELP from the inactivation caused by CN−via a mechanism presumably requiring the formation of an enzyme-nitrosyl cyanide complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Medda R, Floris G. Calcium ions and a secreted peroxidase in Euphorbia characias latex are made for each other. Protein J 2011; 30:115-23. [PMID: 21293912 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-011-9310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This minireview deals of a protein, a class III secreted peroxidase, present as unique isoform in the latex of the perennial Mediterranean shrub Euphorbia characias. The paper reports on the molecular properties, on the structures (primary, secondary and tertiary), and on the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. Here is also reported the extraordinary effect of calcium ions on the structure and on the enzyme activity of Euphorbia peroxidase. These ions can either enhance the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme toward some substrates or can regulate the ability of the enzyme to execute different metabolic pathways toward the same substrate. This review will give a valuable reference to the peroxidase fans and the general readers will find many thorough suggestions for future researches giving birth to new studies and important discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Chen S, Ye F, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhao H, Yatsunami R, Nakamura S, Arisaka F, Xing XH. Biochemical analysis and kinetic modeling of the thermal inactivation of MBP-fused heparinase I: Implications for a comprehensive thermostabilization strategy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1841-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Pintus F, Spanò D, Bellelli A, Angelucci F, Scorciapino AM, Anedda R, Medda R, Floris G. Euphorbia Peroxidase Catalyzes Thiocyanate Oxidation in Two Different Ways, the Distal Calcium Ion Playing an Essential Role. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8739-47. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1007854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pintus
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Delia Spanò
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, and CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea M. Scorciapino
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche srl, Loc. Tramariglio, I-07041 Alghero (SS), Italy
| | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Floris
- Department of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Larson ET, Mudeppa DG, Gillespie JR, Mueller N, Napuli AJ, Arif JA, Ross J, Arakaki TL, Lauricella A, Detitta G, Luft J, Zucker F, Verlinde CLMJ, Fan E, Van Voorhis WC, Buckner FS, Rathod PK, Hol WGJ, Merritt EA. The crystal structure and activity of a putative trypanosomal nucleoside phosphorylase reveal it to be a homodimeric uridine phosphorylase. J Mol Biol 2010; 396:1244-59. [PMID: 20070944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs) and uridine phosphorylases (UPs) are closely related enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine salvage, respectively, which catalyze the removal of the ribosyl moiety from nucleosides so that the nucleotide base may be recycled. Parasitic protozoa generally are incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis; hence, the purine salvage pathway is of potential therapeutic interest. Information about pyrimidine biosynthesis in these organisms is much more limited. Though all seem to carry at least a subset of enzymes from each pathway, the dependency on de novo pyrimidine synthesis versus salvage varies from organism to organism and even from one growth stage to another. We have structurally and biochemically characterized a putative nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) from the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and find that it is a homodimeric UP. This is the first characterization of a UP from a trypanosomal source despite this activity being observed decades ago. Although this gene was broadly annotated as a putative NP, it was widely inferred to be a purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Our characterization of this trypanosomal enzyme shows that it is possible to distinguish between PNP and UP activity at the sequence level based on the absence or presence of a characteristic UP-specificity insert. We suggest that this recognizable feature may aid in proper annotation of the substrate specificity of enzymes in the NP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Larson
- Medical Structural Genomics of Pathogenic Protozoa Consortium, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Uzal EN, Gómez Ros LV, Pomar F, Bernal MA, Paradela A, Albar JP, Ros Barceló A. The presence of sinapyl lignin in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures changes our views of the evolution of lignin biosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 135:196-213. [PMID: 19055540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Suspension cell cultures (SCCs) from one of the oldest seed plants, Ginkgo biloba, show unpredictable alterations in the nature of the lignins, such as is the recruitment of sinapyl alcohol for lignin biosynthesis, compared with the woody tissues of the same species, which lack syringyl (S) lignins. These results show that, in this gymnosperm, the genes involved in sinapyl alcohol biosynthesis are latent and that their regulatory regions respond, by initiating gene expression, to the developmental signals and the environmental clues, which condition its in vitro culture. G. biloba SCCs not only synthesize S lignins but also their extracellular proteome contains both class III peroxidases capable of oxidizing sinapyl alcohol and enzymes involved in H2O2 production, observation which suggests that the peroxidase branch for the oxidative coupling of sinapyl alcohol units into lignins is operative. The incomplete knowledge of the G. biloba peroxidase-encoding genes led us to purify, characterize and partially sequence the peroxidase responsible for monolignol oxidation. When the major peroxidase from G. biloba SCCs (GbPrx) was purified to homogeneity, it showed absorption maxima in the visible region at 414 (Soret band), and at 543 and 570 nm, which calls to mind those shown by low-spin ferric peroxidases. However, the results also showed that the paraperoxidase-like character of GbPrx is not an obstacle for oxidizing the three monolignols compared with high-spin ferric peroxidases. Taken together, these results mean that the time at which the evolutionary gain of the segment of the route that leads to the biosynthesis of S lignins took place in seed plants needs to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Novo Uzal
- Department of Plant Biology, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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Activity and Structural Changes of Euphorbia characias Peroxidase in the Presence of Trifluoroethanol. Protein J 2008; 27:434-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-008-9153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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