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Yan YL, Hu Y, Simpson DJ, Gänzle MG. Enzymatic Synthesis and Purification of Galactosylated Chitosan Oligosaccharides Reducing Adhesion of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5142-5150. [PMID: 28593759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 causes diarrhea in weaned piglets and represent a suitable model system for ETEC causing childhood diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oligosaccharides against ETEC K88 adhesion to porcine erythrocytes with two bioassays. Galactosylated chitosan-oligosaccharides (Gal-COS) were synthesized through transgalactosylation by β-galactosidase. Fractions 2-5 of Gal-COS were obtained through cation exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Fractions 2-5 of acetylated Gal-COS were obtained through chemical acetylation followed by size exclusion chromatography. Gal-COS F2 containing the largest oligosaccharides had the highest antiadhesion activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.22 g/L, followed by F3 and F4. Acetylation of Gal-COS decreased their ability to reduce ETEC K88 adhesion. The composition of active oligosaccharides was determined with LC-MS. Galactosylation of COS produces oligosaccharides which reduce ETEC K88 adhesion; moreover, resulting oligosaccharides match the composition of human milk oligosaccharides, which prevent adhesion of multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lu Yan
- University of Alberta , Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2P5, Canada
| | - Ying Hu
- University of Alberta , Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2P5, Canada
| | - David J Simpson
- University of Alberta , Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2P5, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta , Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2P5, Canada
- Hubei University of Technology , College of Bioengineering and Food Science, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
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Sarabia-Sainz AI, Sarabia-Sainz HM, Montfort GRC, Mata-Haro V, Guzman-Partida AM, Guzman R, Garcia-Soto M, Vazquez-Moreno L. K88 Fimbrial Adhesin Targeting of Microspheres Containing Gentamicin Made with Albumin Glycated with Lactose. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22425-37. [PMID: 26389896 PMCID: PMC4613316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation and characterization of gentamicin-loaded microspheres as a delivery system targeting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88) was investigated. Glycated albumin with lactose (BSA-glucose-β (4-1) galactose) was used as the microsphere matrix (MS-Lac) and gentamicin included as the transported antibiotic. The proposed target strategy was that exposed galactoses of MS-Lac could be specifically recognized by E. coli K88 adhesins, and the delivery of gentamicin would inhibit bacterial growth. Lactosylated microspheres (MS-Lac1, MS-Lac2 and MS-Lac3) were obtained using a water-in-oil emulsion, containing gentamicin, followed by crosslinking with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. Electron microscopy displayed spherical particles with a mean size of 10–17 µm. In vitro release of gentamicin from MS-Lac was best fitted to a first order model, and the antibacterial activity of encapsulated and free gentamicin was comparable. MS-Lac treatments were recognized by plant galactose-specific lectins from Ricinus communis and Sophora japonica and by E. coli K88 adhesins. Results indicate MS-Lac1, produced with 4.2 mg/mL of crosslinker, as the best treatment and that lactosylated microsphere are promising platforms to obtain an active, targeted system against E. coli K88 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre-I Sarabia-Sainz
- Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora 83000, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Hector Manuel Sarabia-Sainz
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
- Departamento de Investigacion y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Ramos-Clamont Montfort
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Veronica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Ana María Guzman-Partida
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Guzman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Mariano Garcia-Soto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Luz Vazquez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Proteinas y Glicanos, Coordinacion de Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Pielesz A, Paluch J. Fucoidan as an inhibitor of thermally induced collagen glycation examined by acetate electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2237-44. [PMID: 24853731 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation (Maillard reaction) in vitro could be a simple method to obtain glycoconjugates for studying their biological properties. Hence, fucoidan was retained by acetate electrophoresis indicating a strong interaction with the protein. A loss of colour in fucoidan bands was found for samples incubated with collagen as compared with samples of free fucoidan. Also under in vitro conditions at 100°C - simulating a sudden burn incident - fucoidan binds with collagen as a result of the Maillard reaction. In contrast, the colour of the fucoidan bands intensified for samples incubated with collagen, with the addition of glucose. Electrophoretic analyses were carried out after heating the samples to a temperature simulating a burn incident. The bands were found to intensify for samples incubated with collagen during a 30-day-long incubation. Thus, spontaneous in vitro glycation - i.e. without the addition of glucose - was confirmed. This process is highly intensified both by the temperature and time of incubation. For a sample incubated in vitro in a fucoidan solution containing glucose, glycation was confirmed in a preliminary FTIR and acetate electrophoresis examinations, occurring in collagen obtained from chicken skins. In particular, a new band emerging around 1746 cm(-1) was observed for above samples, as was its increasing intensity, as compared with samples without the addition of glucose. In the collagen glycation assay, while glucose reacts with collagen and forms cross-linked aggregates, fucoidan decreases the process of aggregation and recovery of native collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pielesz
- Faculty of Materials and Environment Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains to neoglycans synthesised with prebiotic galactooligosaccharides. Food Chem 2013; 141:2727-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Laparra J, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Moreno F, Sanz Y. Neoglycoconjugates of caseinomacropeptide and galactooligosaccharides modify adhesion of intestinal pathogens and inflammatory response(s) of intestinal (Caco-2) cells. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Badia R, Lizardo R, Martínez P, Brufau J. Oligosaccharide structure determines prebiotic role of β-galactomannan against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium in vitro. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:72-5. [PMID: 23137964 PMCID: PMC3555890 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics and probiotics are considered natural alternatives to dietary antibiotics in animal production. Plant extracts and yeast cell walls are mannose-rich products that can be used as substrate for adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria. We assessed whether the structure of these saccharides is relevant to develop their role as prebiotics and therefore, their suitability to be used as alternatives to antibiotics to prevent intestinal infections in pigs. The prebiotic functionality of β-galactomannan (βGM), mannanoligosaccharide from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Mannan SC) and monosaccharide D-Mannose were studied in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPI-2I) challenged with Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. Results showed that in vitro challenge with Salmonella induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL6 and chemokine CXCL8 compared with control without infection. Both βGM and Mannan SC, attenuate Salmonella-induced secretion of IL6 and CXCL8. Interestingly, cells treated with D-mannose showed similar levels of proinflammatory IL6 and CXCL8 compared with the control of infection. These data suggest that prebiotic role of βGM is related to its oligosaccharide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Badia
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Nutrició de Monogastrics; Constantí, Spain,Immunologia Aplicada; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB); Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosil Lizardo
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Nutrició de Monogastrics; Constantí, Spain
| | - Paz Martínez
- Immunologia Aplicada; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB); Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona (UAB); Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Brufau
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA); Nutrició de Monogastrics; Constantí, Spain,Correspondence to: Joaquim Brufau,
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Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii and β-galactomannan oligosaccharide on porcine intestinal epithelial and dendritic cells challenged in vitro with Escherichia coli F4 (K88). Vet Res 2012; 43:4. [PMID: 22277078 PMCID: PMC3305624 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic and prebiotics, often called "immune-enhancing" feed additives, are believed to deal with pathogens, preventing the need of an immune response and reducing tissue damage. In this study, we investigated if a recently developed β-galactomannan (βGM) had a similar protective role compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii (Scb), a proven probiotic, in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. ETEC causes inflammation, diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets, resulting in large economic loses worldwide. We observed that Scb and βGM products inhibited in vitro adhesion of ETEC on cell surface of porcine intestinal IPI-2I cells. Our data showed that Scb and βGM decreased the mRNA ETEC-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF and chemokines CCL2, CCL20 and CXCL8 on intestinal IPI-2I. Furthermore, we investigated the putative immunomodulatory role of Scb and βGM on porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) per se and under infection conditions. We observed a slight up-regulation of mRNA for TNF-α and CCR7 receptor after co-incubation of DC with Scb and βGM. However, no differences were found in DC activation upon ETEC infection and Scb or βGM co-culture. Therefore, our results indicate that, similar to probiotic Scb, prebiotic βGM may protect intestinal epithelial cells against intestinal pathogens. Finally, although these products may modulate DC activation, their effect under ETEC challenge conditions remains to be elucidated.
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Moisés Laparra J, Corzo-Martinez M, Villamiel M, Javier Moreno F, Sanz Y. Maillard-type glycoconjugates from dairy proteins inhibit adhesion of Escherichia coli to mucin. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hermes RG, Manzanilla EG, Martín-Orúe SM, Pérez JF, Klasing KC. Influence of dietary ingredients on in vitro inflammatory response of intestinal porcine epithelial cells challenged by an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 34:479-88. [PMID: 21944732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 is the main bacterial cause of diarrhea in piglets around weaning and the adhesion of ETEC to the intestinal mucosa is a prerequisite step for its colonization. In this study, the adhesion of a fimbriated ETEC and a non-fimbriated E. coli (NFEC) to the intestinal cells and the activation of the innate immune system were evaluated using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The impact of several feedstuffs (wheat bran (WB); casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP); mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS); locust bean extract (LB) and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AO)) on ETEC attachment and the inflammatory response were also studied. The gene expression of TLR-4; TLR-5; IL-1β; IL-8; IL-10 and TNF-α were quantified using Cyclophilin-A, as a reference gene, and related to a non-challenged treatment. The fimbriated strain was markedly better than the non-fimbriated strain at adherence to intestinal cells and inducing an inflammatory response. All the feedstuffs studied were able to reduce the adhesion of ETEC, with the greatest decrease with CGMP or MOS at highest concentration. Regarding the inflammatory response, the highest dose of WB promoted the lowest relative expression of cytokines and chemokines. All tested feedstuffs were able to reduce the adhesion of ETEC to IPEC-J2 and interfere on the innate inflammatory response; however WB should be further studied according to the beneficial results on the intestinal inflammatory process evidenced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Hermes
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar, Department de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. rafa
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Ledesma-Osuna AI, Ramos-Clamont G, Guzman-Partida AM, Vazquez-Moreno L. Conjugates of bovine serum albumin with chitin oligosaccharides prepared through the Maillard reaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12000-12005. [PMID: 21043451 DOI: 10.1021/jf102869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitin neoglycoconjugates (BSA-CO) were obtained by the conjugation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with chitin oligosaccharides (CO) through the Maillard reaction (nonenzymatic glycation). CO produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin were fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane system (1-3 kDa cutoff). The Maillard reaction was carried out by heating a freeze-dried mixture containing BSA and CO at 60 °C (under 43% relative humidity for 6 and 12 h). BSA-CO were characterized by available amino groups content, intrinsic tryptophan emission spectra, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Biological assays included interaction with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and with bacterial adhesins of Escherichia coli K88+ and Salmonella choleraesuis. Glycation of BSA was revealed by reduction of available amino groups and fluorescence intensity and also retarded migration through SDS-PAGE. Conjugation of BSA with chitin oligomers appeared to be time dependent and was confirmed by mass spectrometry, by which molecular mass increase for monomers and dimers was observed. Monomers were estimated to contain either one or two glycation sites (at 6 and 12 h of treatment, respectively), with one or two tetrasaccharide units attached. Consequently, dimers showed two or four glycation sites. BSA-CO presented biological recognition by WGA and E. coli K88+ and S. cholerasuis adhesins. The strategy used in this work represents a simple method to obtain glycoconjugates to study applications involving protein-carbohydrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ledesma-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico CP 83000
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