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Hajili E, Sugawara A, Uyama H. Application of Hierarchically Porous Chitosan Monolith for Enzyme Immobilization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3486-3498. [PMID: 38718188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is a crucial technique for improving the stability of enzymes. Compared with free enzymes, immobilized enzymes offer several advantages in industrial applications. Efficient enzyme immobilization requires a technique that integrates the advantages of physical absorption and covalent binding while addressing the limitations of conventional support materials. This study offers a practical approach for immobilizing α-amylase on a hierarchically porous chitosan (CS) monolith. An optimized CS monolith was fabricated using chemically modified chitin by thermally induced phase separation. By combining physical adsorption and covalent bonding, this technique leverages the amino and hydroxy groups present in CS to facilitate effective enzyme binding and stability. α-Amylase immobilized on the CS monolith demonstrated excellent stability, reusability, and increased activity compared to its soluble counterpart across various pH levels and temperatures. In addition, the CS monolith exhibited a significant potential to immobilize other enzymes, namely, lipase and catalase. Immobilized lipase and catalase exhibited higher loading capacities and enhanced activities than their soluble forms. This versatility highlights the broad applicability of CS monoliths as support materials for various enzymatic processes. This study provides guidelines for fabricating hierarchical porous monolith structures that can provide efficient enzyme utilization in flow systems and potentially enhance the cost-effectiveness of enzymes in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Hajili
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihide Sugawara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Rajashekarappa KK, Basavarajappa A, Neelagund SE, Mahadevan GD, Achur RN, Kumar P. Propitious catalytic response of immobilized α-amylase from G. thermoleovorans in modified APTES-Fe 3O 4 NPs for industrial bio-processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132021. [PMID: 38697441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Challenges in enzyme and product recovery are currently intriguing in modern biotechnology. Coping enzyme stability, shelf life and efficiency, nanomaterials-based immobilization were epitomized of industrial practice. Herein, a α-amylase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans was purified and bound effectively on to a modified 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-Fe3O4 nanoparticle. It was revealed that the carrier-bound enzyme catalysis (pH 8 and 60 °C) was significant in contrast to the free enzyme (pH 7.5 and 55 °C). Furthermore, Zn2+ and Cu2+ were shown to cause inhibitory effects in both enzyme states. Unlike chloroform, toluene, benzene, and butanol, minimal effects were observed with ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The bound enzyme retained 27.4 % of its initial activity after being stored for 36 days. In addition, the reusability of the bound enzyme showed a gradual decline in activity after the first cycle; however, after 13 cycles, its residual activity at 53 % was observed. These data proved significant enough to use this enzyme for industrial starch and analogous substrate bio-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Basavarajappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga-577451, India
| | | | - Gurumurthy Dummi Mahadevan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India.
| | - Rajeshwara Nagappa Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga-577451, India
| | - Prabhanshu Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida-201301, India
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Abedi E, Kaveh S, Mohammad Bagher Hashemi S. Structure-based modification of a-amylase by conventional and emerging technologies: Comparative study on the secondary structure, activity, thermal stability and amylolysis efficiency. Food Chem 2024; 437:137903. [PMID: 37931423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase is an endo-enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into shorter oligosaccharides. α-Amylase plays a crucial role in various industries. Manipulated α-amylases are of particular interest due to their remarkable amylolysis efficiency and thermostability for large-scale biotechnological processes. The retained catalytic activity of enzymes is decreased according to extreme pH, temperature, pressure, and chemical reagents. Broad industrial applications of α-amylases need special properties such as stability against temperature, pH, and chelators, and also attain reusability, desirable enzymatic activity, efficiency, and selectivity. Considering the biotechnological importance of α-amylase, its high stability is the most critical challenge for its economic viability. Therefore, improving its functionality and stability recently gained much interest. To achieve this purpose, various emerging technologies in combination with conventional methods on α-Amylases with different sources have been conducted. The present review is an attempt to summarize the effect of various conventional methods and emerging technologies employed to date on α-amylase secondary structure, thermal stability, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shima Kaveh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
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Immobilization of α-Amylase onto Quantum Dots Prepared from Hypericum perforatum L. Flowers and Hypericum capitatum Seeds: Its Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Immobilisation of α-amylase on activated amidrazone acrylic fabric: a new approach for the enhancement of enzyme stability and reusability. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12672. [PMID: 31481731 PMCID: PMC6722121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, amidrazone acrylic fabric was applied as an immobilising support for α-amylase. The immobilised α-amylase was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the optimum conditions for immobilisation efficiency, immobilisation time, reusability, kinetic parameters and pH, for the immobilisation process were examined. The study demonstrated that with 4% cyanuric chloride, and a pH of 7.0, the highest immobilization efficiency of 81% was obtained. Around 65% of the initial activity was maintained after storage at 4 °C for 8 weeks. The immobilised enzyme retained 53% of its original activity after being reused 15 times and exhibited improved stability compared with the free enzyme in relation to heavy metal ions, pH, temperature and inhibitors. The immobilised enzyme presented kinetic parameters of 2.6 mg starch and 0.65 µmol maltose/mL for Km and Vmax respectively, compared with 3.7 mg starch and 0.83 µmol maltose/ mL for the free enzyme. The improvements in the enzyme’s catalytic properties, stability and reusability obtained from immobilisation make amidrazone acrylic fabric support a good promising candidate for bio-industrial applications.
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Almulaiky YQ, Aqlan FM, Aldhahri M, Baeshen M, Khan TJ, Khan KA, Afifi M, AL-Farga A, Warsi MK, Alkhaled M, Alayafi AAM. α-Amylase immobilization on amidoximated acrylic microfibres activated by cyanuric chloride. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172164. [PMID: 30564380 PMCID: PMC6281920 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is one of the most important techniques for industrial applications. It makes the immobilized enzyme more stable and advantageous than the free form in different aspects. α-Amylase was immobilized on 4% cyanuric chloride-activated amidoximated acrylic fabric at pH 7.0 with (79%) maximum efficiency. A field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared were used to confirm the immobilization process. Even after being recycled 10 times, the immobilized enzyme lost just 28% of its initial activity. Owing to immobilization, the pH of the soluble α-amylase was shifted from 6.0 to 6.5. The immobilized α-amylases showed thermal stability at 60°C, and became more resistant to heavy metal ions. The k m values of the immobilized and soluble α-amylases were 9.6 and 3.8 mg starch ml-1, respectively. In conclusion, this method shows that the immobilized α-amylase proved to be more efficient than its soluble form, and hence could be used during saccharification of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaaser Q. Almulaiky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
- Author for correspondence: Yaaser Q. Almulaiky e-mail:
| | - Faisal M. Aqlan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musab Aldhahri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Jamal Khan
- Stem Cell P2 Laboratory, The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid A. Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ammar AL-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Khan Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alkhaled
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. M. Alayafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sahnoun M, Jemli S, Trabelsi S, Bejar S. Modifing Aspergillus Oryzae S2 amylase substrate specificity and thermostability through its tetramerisation using biochemical and in silico studies and stabilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:483-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Ahmed SA, Mostafa FA, Ouis MA. Enhancement stability and catalytic activity of immobilized α-amylase using bioactive phospho-silicate glass as a novel inorganic support. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:371-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Arabacı N, Arıkan B. Isolation and characterization of a cold-active, alkaline, detergent stable α-amylase from a novel bacterium Bacillus subtilis N8. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:419-426. [PMID: 29561221 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1452256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A cold-active alkaline amylase producer Bacillus subtilis N8 was isolated from soil samples. Amylase synthesis optimally occurred at 15°C and pH 10.0 on agar plates containing starch. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 205 kDa by performing SDS-PAGE. While the enzyme exhibited the highest activity at 25°C and pH 8.0, it was highly stable in alkaline media (pH 8.0-12.0) and retained 96% of its original activity at low temperatures (10-40°C) for 24 hr. While the amylase activity increased in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol (103%); Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+, Zn2+, Mn2+, H2O2, and Triton X-100 slightly inhibited the activity. The enzyme showed resistance to some denaturants: such as SDS, EDTA, and urea (52, 65, and 42%, respectively). N8 α-amylase displayed the maximum remaining activity of 56% with 3% NaCl. The major final products of starch were glucose, maltose, and maltose-derived oligosaccharides. This novel cold-active α-amylase has the potential to be used in the industries of detergent and food, bioremediation process and production of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Arabacı
- a Department of Biology , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Burhan Arıkan
- a Department of Biology , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
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Parameter’s optimization and kinetics study of α-amylase enzyme of Bacillus sp. MB6 isolated from vegetable waste. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Dey TB, Kumar A, Banerjee R, Chandna P, Kuhad RC. Improvement of microbial α-amylase stability: Strategic approaches. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Pereira SE, Fernandes KF, Ulhoa CJ. Immobilization ofCryptococcus flavusα-amylase on glass tubes and its application in starch hydrolysis. STARCH-STARKE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sueli Essado Pereira
- PontifíciaUniversidadeCatólica de Goiás; Pontifícia Pró-reitoria de Graduação; Goiânia Goiás Brazil
| | | | - Cirano José Ulhoa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Goiás Brazil
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Bhange K, Chaturvedi V, Bhatt R. Simultaneous production of detergent stable keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis PF1 using agro industrial waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:94-104. [PMID: 28352529 PMCID: PMC5040875 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Keratinolytic protease, amylase and Biosurfactant was produced in a single medium. Medium composition was optimized statistically in Design Expert software. Optimization resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28% increase in keratinase, amylase and biosurfactant production. The isolated enzymes and biosurfactants may find applications in the effective removal of stains.
The present study is an attempt to optimize simultaneous production of keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant from feather meal, potato peel and rape seed cake in a single media by response surface methodology to evaluate their biochemical properties for detergent additive. The optimization was carried out using 20 run, 3 factor and 5-level of central composite design on design expert software which resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28 fold increase in protease, amylase and biosurfactant production. The proteolytic activity was found to be optimum at pH 9.0 and 60 °C while optimum amylolytic activity was recorded at pH 6.0 and 70 °C respectively. Both enzymes were found to be stable in the presence of organic solvents, ionic and commercial detergent and oxidizing agents. The biosurfactant was extracted with chloroform and was found to be stable at varying pH and temperature; however a reduction in the activity was observed at temperature higher than 70 °C. The isolated enzymes and biosurfactants may find applications in the effective removal of stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bhange
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Renu Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Mohamed SA, Khan JA, Al-Bar OAM, El-Shishtawy RM. Immobilization of Trichoderma harzianum α-amylase on treated wool: optimization and characterization. Molecules 2014; 19:8027-38. [PMID: 24932573 PMCID: PMC6270896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase from Trichoderma harzianum was covalently immobilized on activated wool by cyanuric chloride. Immobilized α-amylase exhibited 75% of its initial activity after 10 runs. The soluble and immobilized α-amylases exhibited maximum activity at pH values 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. The immobilized enzyme was more thermally stable than the soluble one. Various substrates were hydrolyzed by immobilized α-amylase with high efficiencies compared to those of soluble α-amylase. The inhibition of the immobilized α-amylase by metal ions was low as compared with soluble enzyme. On the basis of the results obtained, immobilized α-amylase could be employed in the saccharification of starch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jalaluddin A Khan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar A M Al-Bar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reda M El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Improved performance of α-amylase immobilized on poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) beads. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:492-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rodriguez J, Soria F, Geronazzo H, Destefanis H. α-Amylase Aspergillus oryzae Immobilized on Modified Expanded Perlite. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2013-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized covalently onto expanded perlite (EP) and modified EP by treatment with TiO2 (EP-TiO2), dye HE3B (EP-HE3B) polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-hydrazide (EP-PET) and magnetite (EP-magnetite). The modified EP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The supports were functionalized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The optimum pH for free and immobilized α-amylase was 5.5. Temperature of maximum activity for free enzyme and immobilized enzyme on EP-HE3B was 50°C. The immobilized enzyme in EP-APTES this value was 55°C. The immobilized α-amylase in EP-APTES and EP-HE3B-APTES exhibited better thermostability than free enzyme. The immobilized derivatives showed moderate operational stability by retaining 50% of initial activity after seven successive reuses.
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Immobilization of pectinase from Penicillium oxalicum F67 onto magnetic cornstarch microspheres: Characterization and application in juice production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kikani BA, Pandey S, Singh SP. Immobilization of the α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquifaciens TSWK1-1 for the improved biocatalytic properties and solvent tolerance. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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