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Liu Y, Wu J, Hao H. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of the traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide on hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369110. [PMID: 38455058 PMCID: PMC10917928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy, often associated with compromised immune function in affected patients. This can be attributed to the secretion of specific factors by liver cancer cells, which hinder the immune response and lead to a state of immune suppression. Polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are valuable constituents known for their immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to look into the immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides on HCC. The immunomodulatory effects of TCM polysaccharides are primarily manifested through the activation of effector T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in vivo and in vitro settings. Furthermore, TCM polysaccharides have demonstrated remarkable adjuvant antitumor immunomodulatory effects on HCC in clinical settings. Therefore, the utilization of TCM polysaccharides holds promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with advantageous immunomodulatory properties for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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2
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Farag MA, Reda A, Nabil M, Elimam DM, Zayed A. Evening primrose oil: a comprehensive review of its bioactives, extraction, analysis, oil quality, therapeutic merits, and safety. Food Funct 2023; 14:8049-8070. [PMID: 37614101 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Oil crops have become increasingly farmed worldwide because of their numerous functions in foods and health. In particular, oil derived from the seeds of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) (EPO) comprises essential fatty acids of the omega-6 (ω-6) series. It is well recognized to promote immune cells with a healthy balance and management of female ailments. The nutrients of interest in this oil are linoleic acid (LA, 70-74%) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 8-10%), which are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that account for EPO's popularity as a dietary supplement. Various other chemicals in EPO function together to supply the body with PUFA, elevate normal ω-6 essential fatty acid levels, and support general health and well-being. The inclusive EPO biochemical analysis further succeeded in identifying several other components, i.e., triterpenes, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols of potential health benefits. This comprehensive review capitalizes on EPO, the superior product of O. biennis, highlighting the interrelationship between various methods of cultivation, extraction, holistic chemical composition, sensory characters, and medicinal value. Besides the literature review, this study restates the numerous health advantages of primrose oil and possible drug-EPO interactions since a wide spectrum of drugs are administered concomitantly with EPO. Modern techniques to evaluate EPO chemical composition are addressed with emphasis on the missing gaps and future perspectives to ensure best oil quality and nutraceutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali Reda
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Diaaeldin M Elimam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Zhang YT, Tian W, Lu YS, Li ZM, Ren DD, Zhang Y, Sha JY, Huo XH, Li SS, Sun YS. American ginseng with different processing methods ameliorate immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice via the MAPK signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085456. [PMID: 37153583 PMCID: PMC10160487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effects of two processed forms of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice. In the CTX-induced immunosuppressive model, mice were given either steamed American ginseng (American ginseng red, AGR) or raw American ginseng (American ginseng soft branch, AGS) by intragastric administration. Serum and spleen tissues were collected, and the pathological changes in mice spleens were observed by conventional HE staining. The expression levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA, and the apoptosis of splenic cells was determined by western blotting. The results showed that AGR and AGS could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression through the enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), as well as macrophage activities including carbon clearance and phagocytic index. AGR and AGS downregulated the expression of BAX and elevated the expression of Bcl-2, p-P38, p-JNK, and p-ERK in the spleens of CTX-injected animals. Compared to AGS, AGR significantly improved the number of CD4+CD8-T lymphocytes, the spleen index, and serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The expression of the ERK/MAPK pathway was markedly increased. These findings support the hypothesis that AGR and AGS are effective immunomodulatory agents capable of preventing immune system hypofunction. Future research may investigate the exact mechanism to rule out any unforeseen effects of AGR and AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Shun Lu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Man Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Duo-Duo Ren
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Yue Sha
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huo
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Li, ; Yin-Shi Sun,
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Li, ; Yin-Shi Sun,
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Li S, Pei W, Yuan W, Yu D, Song H, Zhang H. Multi-omics joint analysis reveals the mechanism of action of the traditional Chinese medicine Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115285. [PMID: 35429621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon, (M. tenacissima) a traditional herbal medicine, has been used for thousands of years. It is noted in Dian Nan Ben Cao that M. tenacissima is bitter in flavor and cold in property, and extracts possess diverse pharmacological effects, including immunomodulation and anti-tumor activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The anti-tumor effects of M. tenacissima extracts (MTE) have been repeatedly confirmed, and this medicine has also been extensively applied in cancer treatment or prognostic adjuvant therapy, with significant curative effect. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the anti-tumor mechanism of M. tenacissima starting from the key features of traditional Chinese medicine and by studying the main active components individually to identify anti-tumor targets in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular network profiling and multi-omic joint analyses were conducted using an H22 mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma to determine the main active ingredients in MTE and the underlying anti-tumor mechanisms. RESULTS Tenacissosides I, H, and G (TI,TH and TG) were found to be the likely active ingredients of MTE in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. These compounds were shown to promote apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and improve immune function through targeting P53, JAK-1 and HIF1α, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, based on the theory that multiple components and multiple targets synergistically exert the beneficial effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, this paper comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms of action of M. tenacissima and provides a novel strategy for the subsequent development of anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Wenhan Pei
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, PR China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Huanjie Song
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Urtica dioica and Evening Primrose in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han NR, Kim KC, Kim JS, Park HJ, Ko SG, Moon PD. SBT (Composed of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli) and Stigmasterol Enhances Nitric Oxide Production and Exerts Curative Properties as a Potential Anti-Oxidant and Immunity-Enhancing Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020199. [PMID: 35204082 PMCID: PMC8868359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation is a risk factor for several diseases, including infectious diseases. Immunostimulatory agents have been used for the treatment of immune dysregulation, but deleterious adverse effects have been reported. The present study aims to establish the anti-oxidant and immunity-enhancing effects of Sambu-Tang (SBT), composed of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli, and stigmasterol (Stig), an active compound of SBT. Immune-related factors were analyzed in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, mouse primary splenocytes, and the serum and spleen of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Results showed that the production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of inducible NO synthase and heme oxygenase-1 were increased following SBT or Stig treatment in RAW264.7 cells. SBT or Stig increased the production levels of G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and induced the activation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. SBT or Stig promoted splenic lymphocyte proliferation and increased splenic NK cell cytotoxic activity. In addition, SBT or Stig enhanced the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, or TNF-α in the serum and spleen of the immunosuppressed mice. SBT or Stig increased the superoxide dismutase activity in the spleen. Collectively, SBT and Stig possess anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities, so they may be considered effective natural compounds for the treatment of various symptoms caused by immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Kyeoung-Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.-C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.-C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0897
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Yu Y, Wen Q, Song A, Liu Y, Wang F, Jiang B. Isolation and immune activity of a new acidic Cordyceps militaris exopolysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:706-714. [PMID: 34813790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new type of acidic exopolysaccharide (AESP-II) was extracted and separated from the fermentation broth of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris), which was further purified to elucidate its structural characteristics and immunological activity. AESP-II was confirmed to be an acidic pyranose with a molecular weight of 61.52 kDa, which consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galactose acid, N-acetyl-galactosamine, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 1.07: 5.38: 1: 3.14: 2.23: 15: 6.09: and 4.04. Animal experiment results verified that AESP-II can significantly promote the proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes in mice with immune injury caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). In particular, the promotion of B lymphocytes presented a dose-effect relationship. In addition, the levels of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, which are mainly secreted by T lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA, which are mainly secreted by B lymphocytes, were increased after AESP-II treatment. The above results suggest that fluid immunity is involved in the immunomodulatory function of AESP-II. Simultaneously, AESP-II was detected significantly to promote the phosphorylation expression of p38 kinase (p38), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by Western blot, further suggesting that the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway mediates the immunoregulatory function of AESP-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Graduate School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiang Wen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Ao Song
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Graduate School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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Dong XD, Liu YN, Zhao Y, Liu AJ, Ji HY, Yu J. Structural characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Angelica dahurica and its antitumor activity in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:219-227. [PMID: 34688677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel Angelica dahurica polysaccharide (ADP) with Mw of 6.09 × 103 Da was isolated. The contents of total sugar and uronic acid in ADP were 91.04% and 12.69%. The structure characteristics indicated that ADP was an acidic polysaccharide consisting of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid (0.09: 0.61: 1.88: 1: 0.14: 0.63: 0.03). Moreover, there were →3)-Manp-(1→, →4, 6)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →3)-Glcp-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →2)-Galp-(1→ in ADP with relative molar ratios of 0.32:0.57:0.29:0.95:0.71:0.26. In vivo experiments suggested that ADP significantly inhibited the tumor growth of mice, increased the activities of spleen lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, improved the cytokine level (IL-2 and TNF-α) and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood. The tumor cell progression was arrested in the G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate of tumor cells were 7.54% and 19.32% at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which was consistent with the results of pathological observation. In summary, the study might provide a theoretical basis for the application on functional foods containing Angelica dahurica polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Dong
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 14, Zhonghe Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yi-Ning Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 14, Zhonghe Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 14, Zhonghe Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
| | - An-Jun Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Juan Yu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Shawky EM, Elgindi MR, Ibrahim HA, Baky MH. The potential and outgoing trends in traditional, phytochemical, economical, and ethnopharmacological importance of family Onagraceae: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114450. [PMID: 34314807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Onagraceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants comprises about 17 genera and more than 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Onagraceae also common as willowherb family or evening primrose family is divided into two subfamilies; Ludwigioideae (mainly genus; Ludwigia) and Onagroideae. Family Onagraceae is characterized by its numerous traditional uses as treatment of hormonal imbalances, urinary system ailments, prostate health maintenance, and antimicrobial effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to introduce a holistic overview on the phytochemical composition, economical importance and ethnopharmacological value of different species of family Onagraceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review was performed using different data bases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Reaxys searching for articles focused on phytochemical composition, bioactivity and ethnopharmacological history of Onagraceae species. RESULTS Different species of Onagraceae were reported to have a great variety of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, saponins, and volatile/fixed oils. Onagraceae exhibited several health benefits and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial. CONCLUSIONS Family Onagraceae is an extremely important family with diverse phytochemical composition which enriches their pharmacological importance and hence it's commercial and economical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elgindi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Baky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University. Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Jeong† M, Kim† JH, Lee JS, Kang SD, Shim S, Jung MY, Yang H, Byun S, Lee KW. Heat-Killed Lactobacillus brevis Enhances Phagocytic Activity and Generates Immune-Stimulatory Effects through Activating the TAK1 Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1395-1403. [PMID: 32627755 PMCID: PMC9728231 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in using inactivated probiotics to modulate the host immune system and protect against pathogens. As the immunomodulatory function of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KCTC 12777BP (LBB) and its mechanism is unclear, we investigated the effect of LBB on immune response based on the hypothesis that LBB might exert stimulatory effects on immunity. In the current study, we demonstrate that administration of LBB can exert immune-stimulatory effects and promote clearance of foreign matters through enhancing phagocytosis. Treatment with LBB induced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in macrophages. Importantly, LBB directly increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages against bacterial particles. LBB was able to promote the production of TNF-α in bone marrow-derived macrophages and splenocytes and also increase the proliferation rate of splenocytes, suggesting that the immune-stimulating activity of LBB can be observed in primary immune cells. Investigation into the molecular mechanism responsible revealed that LBB upregulates TAK1 activity and its downstream ERK, p38, and JNK signaling pathways. To further confirm the immunomodulatory capability of LBB in vivo, we orally administered LBB to mice and assessed the effect on primary splenocytes. Splenocytes isolated from LBB-treated mice exhibited higher TNF-α expression and proliferative capacity. These results show that heat-killed L. brevis, a wildly consumed probiotic, may provide protection against pathogens through enhancing host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Jeong†
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim†
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Dal Kang
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC Group, Seoul 151742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Shim
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC Group, Seoul 151742, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Jung
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, SPC Group, Seoul 151742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors K.W.L. Phone: +82-2-880-4662 E-mail:
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors K.W.L. Phone: +82-2-880-4662 E-mail:
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12
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Immunostimulatory Activity of Black Rice Bran in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20934919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rice bran extract (BRBE), containing various biologically active compounds, such as anthocyanin, has antioxidant activity and numerous pharmacological effects. Here, we aimed to confirm the immunostimulatory effects of BRBE in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed cells. Our results confirmed that BRBE exerted an immunostimulatory effect. In vitro, BRBE treatment enhanced cell proliferation, activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and production of CP-repressed cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12, and immunoglobulins G and A in isolated splenocytes. Additionally, in vivo, BRBE treatment increased the number of immune cells, such as white blood cells, lymphocyte counts, mid-range absolute counts, and neutrophils in CP-induced immunosuppressed rats. Furthermore, BRBE increased the serum levels of abovementioned inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins in CP-induced immunosuppressed rats. In addition, BRBE protected against CP-mediated spleen and thymic tissue damage. Our findings suggest that BRBE could be potentially used as a component of functional food for immunity enhancement.
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Fecker R, Buda V, Alexa E, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Muntean D, Cocan I, Watz C, Minda D, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Danciu C. Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Oenothera Biennis L. Hydroalcoholic Extract. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060818. [PMID: 32466573 PMCID: PMC7356052 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oenothera biennis L. (OB), also commonly known as evening primrose, belongs to the Onagraceae family and has the best studied biological activity of all the members in the family. In therapy, the most frequently used type of extracts are from the aerial part, which are the fatty oils obtained from the seeds and have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activity of OB hydroalcoholic extract and to provide directions for the antimicrobial effect, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic potential against A375 melanoma cell line, and anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory capacity. The main polyphenols and flavonoids identified were gallic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and rosmarinic acid. The total phenolic content was 631.496 µgGAE/mL of extract and the antioxidant activity was 7258.67 μmolTrolox/g of extract. The tested extract had a mild bacteriostatic effect on the tested bacterial strains. It was bactericidal only against Candida spp. and S. aureus. In the set of experimental conditions, the OB extract only manifested significant antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity against the A375 human melanoma cell line at the highest tested concentration, namely 60 μg/mL. The migration potential of A375 cells was hampered by the OB extract in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, at the highest tested concentration, the OB extract altered the mitochondrial function in vitro, while reducing the angiogenic reaction, hindering compact tumor formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Moreover, the OB extract elicited an anti-inflammatory effect on the experimental animal model of ear inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Fecker
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.F.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (D.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Valentina Buda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (D.M.); Tel.: +4-0755-100-408 (V.B.)
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Department of Food Control, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (E.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.F.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (D.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.F.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (D.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Delia Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (D.M.); Tel.: +4-0755-100-408 (V.B.)
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Department of Food Control, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (E.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Claudia Watz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Daliana Minda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.F.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (D.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.F.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (D.M.); (C.D.)
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Jie D, Gao T, Shan Z, Song J, Zhang M, Kurskaya O, Sharshov K, Wei L, Bi H. Immunostimulating effect of polysaccharides isolated from Ma-Nuo-Xi decoction in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:45-52. [PMID: 31838067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ma-Nuo-Xi Decoction (MNXD) is well-known in Tibetan medicine to be in line with the theory of treatment determination based on syndrome differentiation. However, the components responsible for its immunomodulating effect are unknown. In this study, three polysaccharide components-MNXD-P, MNXD-BD-P, and MNXD-AD-P-were isolated from MNXD and its basic and auxiliary prescription decoctions, of which MNXD-BD-P is composed of β-(1,4)-d-glucan and RG-I pectin, MNXD-AD-P contains mainly α-(1,4)-d-glucan and some amount of arabinogalactan and/or arabinorhamnogalactan, and MNXD-P contains components of both MNXD-BD-P and MNXD-AD-P. And treatment with these polysaccharides could significantly improve the host's specific and non-specific immunity, including cellular and humoral immunities, as well as promote recovery from myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-immunosuppressed mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report on chemical and immunoactivity study on polysaccharides from traditional Tibetan medicine compounds, which may provide a new idea for development of carbohydrate drugs from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Jie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan New Drug Development, Institute of Tibetan Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining 810003, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongshu Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China
| | - Jiayin Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Architectural Physics and Environmental Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China
| | - Olga Kurskaya
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Department of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Lixin Wei
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China.
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Noh EM, Kim JM, Lee HY, Song HK, Joung SO, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim KS, Lee YR. Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:322. [PMID: 31752816 PMCID: PMC6868875 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Platycodon grandiflorum is a flowering plant that is used in traditional medicine for treating pulmonary and respiratory disorders. It exerts various pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to confirm the in vitro and in vivo immune-enhancing effects of P. grandiflorum extract (PGE) on splenocytes isolated from cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed rats. Methods For in vitro analysis, splenocytes were treated with PGE at various doses along with CP. Cell viability was measured by a WST-1 assay, and NK cell activity and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also examined. In addition, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and cytokine levels were measured. For in vivo analysis, Sprague Dawley rats were treated with various doses of PGE along with CP. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed, and plasma levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 were quantified. Additionally, tissue damage was assessed through histological analyses of the thymus and spleen. Results PGE treatment enhanced cell viability and natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and increased the production of CP-induced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) in splenocytes. In addition, in CP-treated rats, PGE treatment induced the recovery of white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, along with mid-range absolute counts, and increased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA). Moreover, PGE attenuated CP-induced spleen and thymic damage. Conclusions Our results confirmed that PGE exerts an immune-enhancing effect both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PGE may have applications as a component of immunostimulatory agents or as an ingredient in functional foods.
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16
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Finding and isolation of novel peptides with anti-proliferation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells from mung bean protein hydrolysates. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharides from Tanyang Congou black tea on H22 tumor-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Park YM, Lee HY, Kang YG, Park SH, Lee BG, Park YJ, Oh HG, Moon DI, Kim YP, Park DS, Lee HM, Kim OJ, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Lee YR. Immune-enhancing effects of Portulaca oleracea L.– based complex extract in cyclophosphamide-induced splenocytes and immunosuppressed rats. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1540552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ok jin Kim
- Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, and Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Immunostimulatory Effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium-Based Complex Oil Prepared by Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Splenocytes and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8107326. [PMID: 30402134 PMCID: PMC6196913 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex oil of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Perilla frutescens seed (ZPCO) is used as a traditional medicine due to its pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory effect of ZPCO in isolated splenocytes as well as in an immunosuppressed rat model, which was generated via oral administration of cyclophosphamide. Notably, our results showed that ZPCO exerted an immunity-enhancing effect both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, ZPCO treatment enhanced the viability and inflammatory cytokine production of splenocytes and NK cell activity in vitro. Moreover, this product improved host defense under immunosuppressive conditions by increasing the number of immune cells and promoting the expression of cytokines involved in immune responses. Our results suggest that complex oil including Z. schinifolium should be explored as a novel immunostimulatory agent that could potentially be used for therapeutic purposes or as an ingredient in functional foods.
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Munir R, Semmar N, Farman M, Ahmad NS. An updated review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of evening primrose (genus Oenothera ). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities of an exopolysaccharide from Rhizopus nigricans on CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:218-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide isolated from Trametes orientalis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Wang H, Gao T, Du Y, Yang H, Wei L, Bi H, Ni W. Anticancer and immunostimulating activities of a novel homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. berry. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li C, Wu X, Zhang H, Yang G, Hao M, Sheng S, Sun Y, Long J, Hu C, Sun X, Li L, Zheng J. A Huaier polysaccharide inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1739-45. [PMID: 25374064 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of a Huaier polysaccharide (TP-1) on the tumor growth and immune function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) H22-based mouse in vivo. Results showed that TP-1 was capable of repressing transplanted H22 solid hepatic tumor cell growth in vivo, prolonging the live time of mice bearing ascetic H22 tumors, and repressing the pulmonary metastasis of H22-bearing mice. Moreover, the relative weight of immune organ (spleen and thymus) and lymphocyte proliferation were improved after TP-1 treatment. Furthermore, the treatment with TP-1 could promote immune-stimulating serum cytokines, such as IL-2 and IFN-γ, but inhibit immune-suppressing serum cytokines IL-10 secretion in H22-bearing mice. Besides, the percentage of CD4+ T cells and NK cells was increased, whereas the number of CD8+ T cells decreased in tumor-bearing mice following TP-1 administration. In addition, this compound displayed little toxic effects to major organ of tumor-bearing mice at the therapeutic dose, such as the liver and kidney. This experimental finding suggested that TP-1 exhibited prominent antitumor activities in vivo via enhancement of host immune system function in H22 tumor-bearing mice. This product could be developed individually as a safe and potent biological response modifier for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Intervention Therapy Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Zhang L, Ren Y, Gao Y, Kang L, Qiao Q. Anticancer and immunoregulatory activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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A polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge improves immune function in gastric cancer rats. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:47-55. [PMID: 25037328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide fraction (SMPA) prepared from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography was tested for its immune enhancing function in N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric cancer rats by intragastric administration. SMPA (200mg/kg) treatment not only increased the body weight, but also improved the immune organ indices. Furthermore, studies of various immunological activities in gastric cancer rats revealed that SMPA significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation, promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10) production, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) secretion, augmented the killing activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and increased phagocytotic function of macrophages in gastric cancer rats. In addition, SMPA administration evidently elevated total intracellular granzyme-B and IFN-γ levels produced by splenocytes in gastric cancer rats. Taken together, these results suggested that SMPA could act as an effective immunomodulator and might be explored as a potential supplemental source for gastric cancer therapy.
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Dietary supplementation with rice bran fermented with Lentinus edodes increases interferon-γ activity without causing adverse effects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Nutr J 2014; 13:35. [PMID: 24755139 PMCID: PMC4008373 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with rice bran fermented with Lentinus edodes (rice bran exo-biopolymer, RBEP), a substance known to contain arabinoxylan, enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity and modulates cytokine production in healthy adults. Methods This study was designed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group format. Eighty healthy participants with white blood cell counts of 4,000-8,000 cells/μL were randomly assigned to take six capsules per day of either 3 g RBEP or 3 g placebo for 8 weeks. Three participants in the placebo group were excluded after initiation of the protocol; no severe adverse effects from RBEP supplementation were reported. NK cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured using nonradioactive cytotoxicity assay kits and serum cytokine concentrations included interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured by Bio-Plex cytokine assay kit. This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0000536). Results Supplementation of RBEP significantly increased IFN-γ production compared with the placebo group (P = 0.012). However, RBEP supplementation did not affect either NK cell activity or cytokine levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α, compared with the placebo group. Conclusions The data obtained in this study indicate that RBEP supplementation increases IFN-γ secretion without causing significant adverse effects, and thus may be beneficial to healthy individuals. This new rice bran-derived product may therefore be potentially useful to include in the formulation of solid and liquid foods designed for treatment and prevention of pathological states associated with defective immune responses.
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Huang F, Zhang R, Yi Y, Tang X, Zhang M, Su D, Deng Y, Wei Z. Comparison of physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fresh and dried litchi pulp. Molecules 2014; 19:3909-25. [PMID: 24691064 PMCID: PMC6270829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19043909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drying is commonly used for preservation and processing of litchi. However, its polysaccharide structure may be altered by the drying process, resulting in biological activity changes. Polysaccharides from fresh and dried litchi pulp (denoted as LPF and LPD, respectively) were isolated, investigated by GC-MS, GPC and UV/IR spectrum analysis and their antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated in vitro. LPD, the molecular weight of which was lower than that of LPF, contained more protein, uronic acid, arabinose, galactose and xylose. Compared with LPF, LPD exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2, Hela and A549 cells from 50-750 μg/mL. LPD was also a better stimulator of spleen lymphocyte proliferation, NK cells cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis from 50-400 μg/mL. In summary, drying could change the physicochemical properties and enhance the bioactivity of polysaccharides from litchi pulp. This finding is supported by the fact that dried litchi pulps are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Dongxiao Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
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Delayed growth of glioma by a polysaccharide from Aster tataricus involve upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-3/8/9, and downregulation of the Akt. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1819-25. [PMID: 24081677 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (ATP-II), with a molecular weight of 3.4 × 10(4) Da, was successfully purified from Aster tataricus by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange and Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration chromatography. Monosaccharide component analysis indicated that ATP-II was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and arabinose in molar ratios of 2.1:5.2:2.1:1.0:1.2. We evaluated the anticancer efficacy and associated mechanisms of ATP-II on glioma C6 cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that treatment of C6 cells with ATP-II inhibited cell proliferation and this biological response came from induction of DAN damage and consequent inducing apoptosis. Likewise, oral ATP-II administration resulted in consistent regression of glioma tumors and induced apoptosis of transplanted tumor tissues by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 cascade. Importantly, the efficient downregulation of Akt, which is successfully detected in tumor tissues, is a unique contribution to retard the tumor growth by ATP-II. These data suggest that ATP-II may be a potential candidate for glioma treatment.
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