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Wei Q, An Y, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang J. Three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue-engineered skin: Biomaterials, fabrication techniques, challenging difficulties, and future directions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131281. [PMID: 38641503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging new manufacturing technology, Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provides the potential for the biomimetic construction of multifaceted and intricate architectures of functional integument, particularly functional biomimetic dermal structures inclusive of cutaneous appendages. Although the tissue-engineered skin with complete biological activity and physiological functions is still cannot be manufactured, it is believed that with the advances in matrix materials, molding process, and biotechnology, a new generation of physiologically active skin will be born in the future. In pursuit of furnishing readers and researchers involved in relevant research to have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of 3D printed tissue-engineered skin, this paper furnishes an exegesis on the prevailing research landscape, formidable obstacles, and forthcoming trajectories within the sphere of tissue-engineered skin, including: (1) the prevalent biomaterials (collagen, chitosan, agarose, alginate, etc.) routinely employed in tissue-engineered skin, and a discerning analysis and comparison of their respective merits, demerits, and inherent characteristics; (2) the underlying principles and distinguishing attributes of various current printing methodologies utilized in tissue-engineered skin fabrication; (3) the present research status and progression in the realm of tissue-engineered biomimetic skin; (4) meticulous scrutiny and summation of the extant research underpinning tissue-engineered skin inform the identification of prevailing challenges and issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yalong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Kole GE, Hasirci V, Yucel D. Development of a Tri-Layered Vascular Construct and In Vitro Evaluation of Endothelization. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300369. [PMID: 38134246 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of vascular substitutes for small-sized arteries are ongoing because the present grafts do not entirely meet the requirements of native equivalents and are suboptimal in clinical performance. This study aims to develop a tri-layered vascular construct mimicking natural tissue using polyester blends and to investigate its endothelization through in vitro studies as a potential small-caliber vascular graft. The innermost layer is obtained by dip coating as a tubular porous film with a lumen diameter of 3 mm and a pore size of ≤8 µm. Circumferentially aligned electrospun fiber (diameter 100-800 nm) with a deviation angle of 15° are deposited over the porous film forming the intermediate layer. The random electrospun fibers (diameter 100-1100 nm) deviating at different angles are wrapped as the outermost layer. The mechanical properties of the tri-layered vascular construct are determined to be 44.80 ± 14.80 MPa for Young's modulus and 4.25 ± 0.75 MPa for ultimate tensile strength. MTS and cell behavior studies show that the isolated human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells proliferate and line the lumen of the vascular substitute. The vascular construct developed, with its biomimetic architecture, mechanical features, size, and endothelization, can be tested with in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde E Kole
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- ACU Biomaterials A &R Center, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- ACU Biomaterials A &R Center, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomaterials, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- Middle East Technical University, BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucel
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- ACU Biomaterials A &R Center, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomaterials, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University (ACU), Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
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Chen S, Tian H, Mao J, Ma F, Zhang M, Chen F, Yang P. Preparation and application of chitosan-based medical electrospun nanofibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:410-422. [PMID: 36502949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a kind of polysaccharide cationic polymer, which has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity. In recent years, chitosan has been widely used as medical materials because of its non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity and rich sources. This paper reviews chitosan chemistry, the basic principles and influence of electrospinning technology, the blending of chitosan with polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, protein, polysaccharide and other polymer materials, the blending of chitosan with oxides, metals, carbon-based and other inorganic substances for electrospinning, the application of chitosan electrospinning nanofibers in medical field and its mechanism in clinical application. In order to provide reference for the in-depth study of electrospinning technology in the field of medical and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haoran Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jinlong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Feixiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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Trossmann VT, Scheibel T. Design of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins for Cell Type Specific Binding. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202660. [PMID: 36565209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytophilic (cell-adhesive) materials are very important for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, for engineering hierarchically organized tissue structures comprising different cell types, cell-specific attachment and guidance are decisive. In this context, materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins are promising scaffolds, since they exhibit high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the underlying proteins can be genetically functionalized. Here, previously established spider silk variants based on the engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (eADF4(C16)) are genetically modified with cell adhesive peptide sequences from extracellular matrix proteins, including IKVAV, YIGSR, QHREDGS, and KGD. Interestingly, eADF4(C16)-KGD as one of 18 tested variants is cell-selective for C2C12 mouse myoblasts, one out of 11 tested cell lines. Co-culturing with B50 rat neuronal cells confirms the cell-specificity of eADF4(C16)-KGD material surfaces for C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tanja Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Thottappillil N, Nair PD. Dual source co-electrospun tubular scaffold generated from gelatin-vinyl acetate and poly-ɛ-caprolactone for smooth muscle cell mediated blood vessel engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111030. [PMID: 32994010 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India.
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Obiweluozor FO, Emechebe GA, Kim DW, Cho HJ, Park CH, Kim CS, Jeong IS. Considerations in the Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Graft as an Alternative for Bypass and Reconstructive Surgeries: A Review. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:495-521. [PMID: 32812139 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current design strategies for small diameter vascular grafts (< 6 mm internal diameter; ID) are focused on mimicking native vascular tissue because the commercially available grafts still fail at small diameters, notably due to development of intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. To overcome these challenges, various design approaches, material selection, and surface modification strategies have been employed to improve the patency of small-diameter grafts. REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline various considerations in the development of small-diameter vascular grafts, including material choice, surface modifications to enhance biocompatibility/endothelialization, and mechanical properties of the graft, that are currently being implanted. Additionally, we have taken into account the general vascular physiology, tissue engineering approaches, and collective achievements of the authors in this area. We reviewed both commercially available synthetic grafts (e-PTFE and PET), elastic polymers such as polyurethane and biodegradable and bioresorbable materials. We included naturally occurring materials by focusing on their potential application in the development of future vascular alternatives. CONCLUSION Until now, there are few comprehensive reviews regarding considerations in the design of small-diameter vascular grafts in the literature. Here-in, we have discussed in-depth the various strategies employed to generate engineered vascular graft due to their high demand for vascular surgeries. While some TEVG design strategies have shown greater potential in contrast to autologous or synthetic ePTFE conduits, many are still hindered by high production cost which prevents their widespread adoption. Nonetheless, as tissue engineers continue to develop on their strategies and procedures for improved TEVGs, soon, a reliable engineered graft will be available in the market. Hence, we anticipate a viable TEVG with resorbable property, fabricated via electrospinning approach to hold a greater potential that can overcome the challenges observed in both autologous and allogenic grafts. This is because they can be mechanically tuned, incorporated/surface-functionalized with bioactive molecules and mass-manufactured in a reproducible manner. It is also found that most of the success in engineered vascular graft approaching commercialization is for large vessels rather than small-diameter grafts used as cardiovascular bypass grafts. Consequently, the field of vascular engineering is still available for future innovators that can take up the challenge to create a functional arterial substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Obiweluozor
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gladys A Emechebe
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Cho
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Jeong
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
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Toong DWY, Toh HW, Ng JCK, Wong PEH, Leo HL, Venkatraman S, Tan LP, Ang HY, Huang Y. Bioresorbable Polymeric Scaffold in Cardiovascular Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3444. [PMID: 32414114 PMCID: PMC7279389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in material science and innovative medical technologies have allowed the development of less invasive interventional procedures for deploying implant devices, including scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Biodegradable materials (e.g., resorbable polymers) are employed in devices that are only needed for a transient period. In the case of coronary stents, the device is only required for 6-8 months before positive remodelling takes place. Hence, biodegradable polymeric stents have been considered to promote this positive remodelling and eliminate the issue of permanent caging of the vessel. In tissue engineering, the role of the scaffold is to support favourable cell-scaffold interaction to stimulate formation of functional tissue. The ideal outcome is for the cells to produce their own extracellular matrix over time and eventually replace the implanted scaffold or tissue engineered construct. Synthetic biodegradable polymers are the favoured candidates as scaffolds, because their degradation rates can be manipulated over a broad time scale, and they may be functionalised easily. This review presents an overview of coronary heart disease, the limitations of current interventions and how biomaterials can be used to potentially circumvent these shortcomings in bioresorbable stents, vascular grafts and cardiac patches. The material specifications, type of polymers used, current progress and future challenges for each application will be discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wee Yee Toong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.W.Y.T.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Han Wei Toh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (H.W.T.); (J.C.K.N.); (P.E.H.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore;
| | - Jaryl Chen Koon Ng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (H.W.T.); (J.C.K.N.); (P.E.H.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore;
| | - Philip En Hou Wong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (H.W.T.); (J.C.K.N.); (P.E.H.W.)
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore;
| | - Subramanian Venkatraman
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.W.Y.T.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Hui Ying Ang
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (H.W.T.); (J.C.K.N.); (P.E.H.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore;
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (D.W.Y.T.); (L.P.T.)
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Franco AR, Palma Kimmerling E, Silva C, Rodrigues FJ, Leonor IB, Reis RL, Kaplan DL. Silk‐Based Antimicrobial Polymers as a New Platform to Design Drug‐Free Materials to Impede Microbial Infections. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800262. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina R. Franco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | | | - Carla Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Rodrigues
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health SciencesUniversity of Minho 4805 Braga Portugal
| | - Isabel B. Leonor
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
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Stocco TD, Bassous NJ, Zhao S, Granato AEC, Webster TJ, Lobo AO. Nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12228-12255. [PMID: 29947408 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emergent and very interesting research field, providing potential solutions for a myriad of challenges in healthcare. Fibrous scaffolds specifically have shown promise as an effective tissue engineering method, as their high length-to-width ratio mimics that of extracellular matrix components, which in turn guides tissue formation, promotes cellular adhesion and improves mechanical properties. In this review paper, we discuss in detail both the importance of fibrous scaffolds for the promotion of tissue growth and the different methods to produce fibrous biomaterials to possess favorable and unique characteristics. Here, we focus on the pressing need to develop biomimetic structures that promote an ideal environment to encourage tissue formation. In addition, we discuss different biomedical applications in which fibrous scaffolds can be useful, identifying their importance, relevant aspects, and remaining significant challenges. In conclusion, we provide comments on the future direction of fibrous scaffolds and the best way to produce them, proposed in light of recent technological advances and the newest and most promising fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago D Stocco
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carrabba M, Madeddu P. Current Strategies for the Manufacture of Small Size Tissue Engineering Vascular Grafts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:41. [PMID: 29721495 PMCID: PMC5916236 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusive arterial disease, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is the main cause of death, with an annual mortality incidence predicted to rise to 23.3 million worldwide by 2030. Current revascularization techniques consist of angioplasty, placement of a stent, or surgical bypass grafting. Autologous vessels, such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery, represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels. However, they require invasive harvesting and are often unavailable. Synthetic vascular grafts represent an alternative to autologous vessels. These grafts have shown satisfactory long-term results for replacement of large- and medium-diameter arteries, such as the carotid or common femoral artery, but have poor patency rates when applied to small-diameter vessels, such as coronary arteries and arteries below the knee. Considering the limitations of current vascular bypass conduits, a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) with the ability to grow, remodel, and repair in vivo presents a potential solution for the future of vascular surgery. Here, we review the different methods that research groups have been investigating to create TEVGs in the last decades. We focus on the techniques employed in the manufacturing process of the grafts and categorize the approaches as scaffold-based (synthetic, natural, or hybrid) or self-assembled (cell-sheet, microtissue aggregation and bioprinting). Moreover, we highlight the attempts made so far to translate this new strategy from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carrabba
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Awad NK, Niu H, Ali U, Morsi YS, Lin T. Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Small-Diameter Blood Vessels: A Review. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:E15. [PMID: 29509698 PMCID: PMC5872197 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter blood vessels (SDBVs) are still a challenging task to prepare due to the occurrence of thrombosis formation, intimal hyperplasia, and aneurysmal dilation. Electrospinning technique, as a promising tissue engineering approach, can fabricate polymer fibrous scaffolds that satisfy requirements on the construction of extracellular matrix (ECM) of native blood vessel and promote the adhesion, proliferation, and growth of cells. In this review, we summarize the polymers that are deployed for the fabrication of SDBVs and classify them into three categories, synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and hybrid polymers. Furthermore, the biomechanical properties and the biological activities of the electrospun SBVs including anti-thrombogenic ability and cell response are discussed. Polymer blends seem to be a strategic way to fabricate SDBVs because it combines both suitable biomechanical properties coming from synthetic polymers and favorable sites to cell attachment coming from natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser K Awad
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12422, Egypt.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Usman Ali
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
- College of Textile Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Yosry S Morsi
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Tong Lin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
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12
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Peng CA, Russo J, Lyda TA, Marcotte WR. Polyelectrolyte Fiber Assembly of Plant-Derived Spider Silk-like Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:740-746. [PMID: 28196414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spider dragline silk is a proteinaceous material that combines superior toughness and biocompatibility, which makes it a promising biomaterial. The distinct protein structure and the fiber formation process contribute to the superior toughness of dragline silk. Previously, we have produced recombinant spider silk-like proteins in transgenic tobacco that are readily purified from plant extracts. The plant-derived spidroin-like proteins consisted of native major ampullate spidroin 1 or spidroin 2 N- and C-termini flanking 8, 16, or 32 copies of their respective consensus block repeats (mini-spidroins). Here, we present the generation of fibers from mini-spidroins (rMaSp1R8 and rMaSp2R8) by polyelectrolyte complex formation using an anionic polyelectrolyte, gellan gum. Mini-spidroins, when treated with acetic acid and cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, formed a thin film at the interface when overlaid with a gellan gum solution. Immediate pulling of the film resulted in autofluorescent fibrous materials from either mini-spidroin alone or a combination of rMaSp1R8 and rMaSp2R8 (70:30). Addition of chitosan to the mini-spidroin solutions permitted continuous fiber production until the spinning dope supply was exhausted. When air-dried as-spun fibers were rehydrated and stretched in water, the fiber diameter decreased and the overall toughness improved. This study showed that spider silk-like fibers can be produced in large quantities through charge attraction that assembles chitosan, mini-spidroins, and gellan gum into fibrous complexes. We speculate that the spider silk self-assembly process in the duct may involve attraction of variously charged chitinous polymers, spidroins, and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyue Annie Peng
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University , 130 McGinty Court, Robert F. Poole Agricultural Center, Room 154, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Julia Russo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University , 130 McGinty Court, Robert F. Poole Agricultural Center, Room 154, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Todd A Lyda
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University , 130 McGinty Court, Robert F. Poole Agricultural Center, Room 154, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - William R Marcotte
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University , 130 McGinty Court, Robert F. Poole Agricultural Center, Room 154, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Cheng J, Jun Y, Qin J, Lee SH. Electrospinning versus microfluidic spinning of functional fibers for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2017; 114:121-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xie Y, Guan Y, Kim SH, King MW. The mechanical performance of weft-knitted/electrospun bilayer small diameter vascular prostheses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 61:410-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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A fibronectin mimetic motif improves integrin mediated cell biding to recombinant spider silk matrices. Biomaterials 2015; 74:256-66. [PMID: 26461118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cell binding motif RGD is the most widely used peptide to improve cell binding properties of various biomaterials, including recombinant spider silk. In this paper we use genetic engineering to further enhance the cell supportive capacity of spider silk by presenting the RGD motif as a turn loop, similar to the one found in fibronectin (FN), but in the silk stabilized by cysteines, and therefore denoted FNCC. Human primary cells cultured on FNCC-silk showed increased attachment, spreading, stress fiber formation and focal adhesions, not only compared to RGD-silk, but also to silk fused with linear controls of the RGD containing motif from fibronectin. Cell binding to FNCC-silk was shown to involve the α5β1 integrin, and to support proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. The FNCC-silk protein allowed efficient assembly, and could even be transformed into free standing films, on which keratinocytes could readily form a monolayer culture. The results hold promise for future applications within tissue engineering.
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Pashneh-Tala S, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:68-100. [PMID: 26447530 PMCID: PMC4753638 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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17
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Pelipenko J, Kocbek P, Kristl J. Critical attributes of nanofibers: Preparation, drug loading, and tissue regeneration. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:57-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
An ideal vascular substitute, especially in <6 mm diameter applications, is a major clinical essentiality in blood vessel replacement surgery. Blood vessels are structurally complex and functionally dynamic tissue, with minimal regeneration potential. These have composite extracellular matrix (ECM) and arrangement. The interplay between ECM components and tissue specific cells gives blood vessels their specialized functional attributes. The core of vascular tissue engineering and regeneration relies on the challenges in creating vascular conduits that match native vessels and adequately regenerate in vivo. Out of numerous vascular regeneration concerns, the relevance of ECM emphasizes much attention toward appropriate choice of scaffold material and further scaffold development strategies. The review is intended to be focused on the various approaches of scaffold materials currently in use in vascular regeneration and current state of the art. Scaffold of choice in vascular tissue engineering ranges from natural to synthetic, decellularized, and even scaffold free approach. The applicability of tubular scaffold for in vivo vascular regeneration is under active investigation. A patent conduit with an ample endothelial luminal layer that can regenerate in vivo remains an unanswered query in the field of small diameter vascular tissue engineering. Besides, scaffolds developed for vascular regeneration, should aim at providing functional substitutes for use in a regenerative approach from the laboratory bench to patient bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Thottappillil
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Lee SJ, Heo DN, Park JS, Kwon SK, Lee JH, Lee JH, Kim WD, Kwon IK, Park SA. Characterization and preparation of bio-tubular scaffolds for fabricating artificial vascular grafts by combining electrospinning and a 3D printing system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2996-9. [PMID: 25557615 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04801f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen artificial blood vessels composed of natural polymer nanofibers grafted into human bodies to facilitate the recovery of damaged blood vessels. However, electrospun nanofibers (ENs) of biocompatible materials such as chitosan (CTS) suffer from poor mechanical properties. This study describes the design and fabrication of artificial blood vessels composed of a blend of CTS and PCL ENs and coated with PCL strands using rapid prototyping technology. The resulting tubular vessels exhibited excellent mechanical properties and showed that this process may be useful for vascular reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 304-343, Republic of Korea.
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Rocco KA, Maxfield MW, Best CA, Dean EW, Breuer CK. In Vivo Applications of Electrospun Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: A Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:628-40. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Rocco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark W. Maxfield
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cameron A. Best
- Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ethan W. Dean
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Tanir TE, Hasirci V, Hasirci N. Electrospinning of chitosan/poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite nanofibrous mats for tissue engineering applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ding F, Deng H, Du Y, Shi X, Wang Q. Emerging chitin and chitosan nanofibrous materials for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9477-93. [PMID: 25000536 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, we have witnessed significant progress in chitosan and chitin based nanostructured materials. The nanofibers from chitin and chitosan with appealing physical and biological features have attracted intense attention due to their excellent biological properties related to biodegradability, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, low immunogenicity and wound healing capacity. Various methods, such as electrospinning, self-assembly, phase separation, mechanical treatment, printing, ultrasonication and chemical treatment were employed to prepare chitin and chitosan nanofibers. These nanofibrous materials have tremendous potential to be used as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressing materials, antimicrobial agents, and biosensors. This review article discusses the most recent progress in the preparation and application of chitin and chitosan based nanofibrous materials in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Ding
- School of Resource and Environmental Science and Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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