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Tudu M, Samanta A. Natural polysaccharides: Chemical properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Obluchinskaya ED, Pozharitskaya ON, Shikov AN. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fucoidans from Five Species of Brown Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:606. [PMID: 36286430 PMCID: PMC9605532 DOI: 10.3390/md20100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidans from brown seaweeds (Saccharina japonica (SJ), Fucus vesiculosus (FV), Fucus distichus (FD), Fucus serratus (FS), and Ascophyllum nodosum (AN)), and determine the relationship between composition and biological activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vitro. It is believed that inflammation could be triggered by free radicals. Fucoidans from F. vesiculosus (FV1 and FV3) showed the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with an IC50 = 0.05 mg/mL. In the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) test, the activity was concentration-dependent. Notable, the TAC of fucoidans except samples of FV2 and SJ (which have a lower phenolic content) was higher than that of phloroglucinol. The TAC of fucoidans strongly and positively correlated with polyphenol content. A weak correlation was associated with xylose content. The synergistic effect for fucoidans was calculated for the first time using carbohydrates and polyphenols as model mixtures. The synergy in the DPPH test was found only for FV1 and FV3 (mixture effect ME = 2.68 and 2.04, respectively). The ME strongly positively correlated with polyphenols. The relationship of ME with fucose content was positive but moderate. It was first established that the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan could be mediated via the inhibition of protein denaturation. The inhibition was concentration-dependent and strongly correlated with the fucose content and moderate with sulfate content. The purified fucoidan FV2 showed the most promising activity (IC50 = 0.20 mg/mL vs. IC50 = 0.37 mg/mL for diclofenac sodium). Similar relations were also observed in the membrane protection model. Fucoidans were able to stabilize the cell membrane integrity of human red blood corpuscles (HRBC). The results of our study support the rationality of fucoidan use as a promising agent for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases via mechanisms of radical scavenging, antioxidant activity, inhibition of protein denaturation, and HRBC membrane stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 17 Vladimirskaya str., Murmansk 183010, Russia
- Department of Technology of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 14a Prof. Popov str., Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Wang K, Xu X, Wei Q, Yang Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Li X, Ji K, Song S. Application of fucoidan as treatment for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221076891. [PMID: 35432845 PMCID: PMC9008857 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221076891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a marine polysaccharide. In recent years, fucoidan has attracted wide-scale attention from the pharmaceutical industries due to its diverse biological activities such as lipid-lowering, anti-atherosclerosis, and anticoagulation. This review clarifies the pharmacological effects of fucoidan in the treatment of human cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Fucoidan exerts a hypolipidemic effect by increasing the reverse transport of cholesterol, inhibiting lipid synthesis, reducing lipid accumulation, and increasing lipid metabolism. Inflammation, anti-oxidation, and so on have a regulatory effect in the process of atherosclerosis endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and so on; fucoidan can not only prevent thrombosis through anticoagulation and regulate platelet activation, but also promote the dissolution of formed thrombi. Fucoidan has a neuroprotective effect, and also has a positive effect on the prognosis of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. The prospects of applying fucoidan in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases are reviewed to provide some theoretical bases and inspirations for its full-scale development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
ChinaHeping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi,
China
| | - Xueli Xu
- Binzhou Inspection and Testing Center, Binzhou,
China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
China
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai,
China
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai
264209, China
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Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Fucoidanase from Flavobacteriumalgicola with the Principal Product of Fucoidan-Derived Disaccharide. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071025. [PMID: 35407112 PMCID: PMC8997789 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is one of the main polysaccharides of brown algae and echinoderm, which has nutritional and pharmacological functions. Due to the low molecular weight and exposure of more sulfate groups, oligo-fucoidan or fucoidan oligosaccharides have potential for broader applications. In this research, a novel endo-α-1,4-L-fucoidanase OUC-FaFcn1 which can degrade fucoidan into oligo-fucoidan was discovered from the fucoidan-digesting strain Flavobacterium algicola 12,076. OUC-FaFcn1 belongs to glycoside hydrolases (GH) family 107 and shows highest activity at 40 °C and pH 9.0. It can degrade the α-1,4 glycosidic bond, instead of α-1,3 glycosidic bond, of the fucoidan with a random tangent way to generate the principal product of disaccharide, which accounts for 49.4% of the total products. Therefore, OUC-FaFcn1 is a promising bio-catalyst for the preparation of fucoidan-derived disaccharide. These results further enrich the resource library of fucoidanase and provide the basis for the directional preparation of fucoidan-derived oligosaccharide with specific polymerization.
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Lee WK, Ho CL. Ecological and evolutionary diversification of sulphated polysaccharides in diverse photosynthetic lineages: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118764. [PMID: 34893214 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) are carbohydrate macromolecules with sulphate esters that are found among marine algae, seagrasses, mangroves and some terrestrial plants. The sulphate concentration in the ocean (28 mM) since ancient time could have driven the production of SPs in marine algae. SPs have a gelatinous property that can protect marine algae against desiccation and salinity stress. Agar and carrageenan are red algal SPs that are widely used as gelling agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The information on the SPs from freshwater and land plants are limited. In this review, we reviewed the taxonomic distribution and composition of SPs in different photosynthetic lineages, and explored the association of SP production in these diversified photosynthetic organisms with evolution history and environmental stresses. We also reviewed the genes/proteins involved in SP biosynthesis. Insights into SP biosynthetic machinery may shed light on the evolution that accompanied adaptation to life on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tsai MY, Yang WC, Lin CF, Wang CM, Liu HY, Lin CS, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Fan PS, Hung KH, Lu YW, Chang GR. The Ameliorative Effects of Fucoidan in Thioacetaide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071937. [PMID: 33808318 PMCID: PMC8036993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders have been recognized as one major health concern. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the brown seaweed Fucus serratus, has previously been reported as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, the discovery and validation of its hepatoprotective properties and elucidation of its mechanisms of action are still unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect and possible modes of action of a treatment of fucoidan against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice by serum biochemical and histological analyses. The mouse model for liver damage was developed by the administration of TAA thrice a week for six weeks. The mice with TAA-induced liver injury were orally administered fucoidan once a day for 42 days. The treated mice showed significantly higher body weights; food intakes; hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)); and a lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, a reduced hepatic IL-6 level and a decreased expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was observed. These results demonstrated that fucoidan had a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury through the suppression of the inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant. In addition, here, we validated the use of fucoidan against liver disorders with supporting molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Tsai
- Animal Industry Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 112 Muchang, Xinhua Dist, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
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Chen ML, Lai CJ, Lin YN, Huang CM, Lin YH. Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeting the tumor microenvironment to improve synergistic drug combinations and cancer treatment effects. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10416-10427. [PMID: 33112350 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel-based chemotherapy for prostate cancer is the clinical standard of care. However, nonspecific targeting, multiple drug resistance, and adverse side effects are common obstacles. Various natural compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in combination with taxane, have the potential to be developed as anticancer therapeutics. Although synergistic hydrophobic-hydrophilic combination drugs have been used with some success, the main drawbacks of this approach are poor bioavailability, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and low tissue distribution. To improve their synergistic effect and overcome limitations, we encapsulated EGCG and low-dose docetaxel within TPGS-conjugated hyaluronic acid and fucoidan-based nanoparticles. This approach might facilitate simultaneous target-specific markers at the edge and center of the tumor and then might increase intratumoral drug accumulation. Additionally, the successful release of bioactive combination drugs was regulated by the pH-sensitive nanoparticles and internalization into prostate cancer cells through CD44 and P-selectin ligand recognition, and the inhibition of cell growth via induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest was observed in in vitro study. In in vivo studies, treatment with cancer-targeted combination drug-loaded nanoparticles significantly attenuated tumor growth and increased M30 protein expression without causing organ damage. Overall, the multifunctional nanoparticle system improved the drugs' synergistic effect, indicating great potential in its development as a prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chen Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Nan Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chen Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. and Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Pfeifer L, Classen B. The Cell Wall of Seagrasses: Fascinating, Peculiar and a Blank Canvas for Future Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588754. [PMID: 33193541 PMCID: PMC7644952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seegrasses are a polyphyletic group of angiosperm plants, which evolved from early monocotyledonous land plants and returned to the marine environment around 140 million years ago. Today, seagrasses comprise the five families Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Posidoniaceae, Cymodoceaceae, and Ruppiaceae and form important coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite of this ecological importance, the existing literature on adaption of these angiosperms to the marine environment and especially their cell wall composition is limited up to now. A unique feature described for some seagrasses is the occurrence of polyanionic, low-methylated pectins mainly composed of galacturonic acid and apiose (apiogalacturonans). Furthermore, sulfated galactans have been detected in some species. Recently, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), highly glycosylated proteins of the cell wall of land plants, have been isolated for the first time from a seagrass of the baltic sea. Obviously, seagrass cell walls are characterized by new combinations of structural polysaccharide and glycoprotein elements known from macroalgae and angiosperm land plants. In this review, current knowledge on cell walls of seagrasses is summarized and suggestions for future investigations are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Begum SA, Hira K, Pal PP, Nessa S, Kulkarni OP, Danaraj J, Shaik AB, Araya H, Fujimoto Y. Halodule pinifolia (Seagrass) attenuated lipopolysaccharide-, carrageenan-, and crystal-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines: mechanism and chemistry. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:253-267. [PMID: 32918703 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect, underlying mechanism, and chemistry of Halodule pinifolia extract. METHODS The ethyl acetate (EHP) and methanol (MHP) extracts of Halodule pinifolia were screened for pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition effect under various in vitro (LPSand crystal-induced inflammation) and in vivo models (LPS-induced endotoxaemia model, carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, and oxalate-induced renal nephropathy model of inflammation). The effect of EHP on the expression of inflammatory markers using western blot analysis (in vitro) was investigated. Chemical constituents of bioactive EHP were isolated through chromatography and characterised using NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, EHP was standardised for rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, and ethyl protocatechuate using HPLC. Also, total phytosterols, phenolic, and flavonoid content of EHP were determined by UV spectroscopy. KEY FINDINGS EHP was comparatively more effective than MHP in inhibiting cytokines secretions under LPS-induced in vitro models. Furthermore, EHP was screened under endotoxaemia in vivo model, EHP (250 mg/kg) reduced plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels by 88.3%, 78.2%, and 74.5%, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced oedema model, EHP (200 mg/kg) reduced paw volume and release of TNF-α (69.3%) and IL-1β (43.1%). EHP (200 mg/kg) further controlled renal nephropathy by inhibiting plasma IL-1β and BUN levels. Also, a significant reduction of mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β and KIM-1 in renal tissues was observed. Through western blot, EHP was identified to regulate the expression of pro-form as well as mature-form of IL-1β and caspase-1. EHP constituted rosmarinic acid (RA), vanillic acid (VA), ethyl protocatechuate (EP), sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and dihydrobrassicasterol. It was determined that 4.6 mg/g of RA, 2.92 mg/g of VA, 0.76 mg/g of EP, 21.7 mg/g of total phenolics, 29.8 mg/g of total flavonoids, and 48.2 mg/g of total phytosterols were present in dry EHP. The presence of anti-inflammatory constituents such as RA, VA, and PE in EHP corroborated the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of EHP. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory property of EHP and its action through attenuation of pan-cytokines suggest that it can be developed into an oral pharmaceutical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeli Ahil Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India.
| | - Kirti Hira
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Pragya Paramita Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Samrun Nessa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Onkar P Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Jeyapragash Danaraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Ameer Basha Shaik
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 030, India
| | - Hiroshi Araya
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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Korolenko TA, Bgatova NP, Ovsyukova MV, Shintyapina A, Vetvicka V. Hypolipidemic Effects of β-Glucans, Mannans, and Fucoidans: Mechanism of Action and Their Prospects for Clinical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081819. [PMID: 32316136 PMCID: PMC7221696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Nataliya P. Bgatova
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Marina V. Ovsyukova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (T.A.K.); (M.V.O.)
| | - Alexandra Shintyapina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Timakov St. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia;
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wang XB, Sun ZH, Fan LX, Liu YY, Feng J, Ma GX, Chen DL. Two novel diterpenes from the stems and leaves of tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the South China sea. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1465-1473. [PMID: 31429301 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1655025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel diterpenes Enhoidin A (1) and Enhoidin B (2) featuring an unusual gibberellane skeleton were isolated from the stems and leaves of Enhalus acoroides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HR-ESI-MS. This is the first time that this type of lactone ring between C-18 and C-20 has been found among gibberellanes from the tropical seagrasses. Evaluation of the all compounds for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116, HepG-2 and HeLa), and showed moderate cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Haikou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Haikou, China
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Li Chen
- Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medicinal Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Haikou, China
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Zayed A, Ulber R. Fucoidan production: Approval key challenges and opportunities. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:289-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seagrass Ecosystem Services and Their Variability across Genera and Geographical Regions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163091. [PMID: 27732600 PMCID: PMC5061329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Threats to and loss of seagrass ecosystems globally, impact not only natural resources but also the lives of people who directly or indirectly depend on these systems. Seagrass ecosystems play a multi-functional role in human well-being, e.g. food through fisheries, control of erosion and protection against floods. Quantifying these services reveals their contributions to human well-being and helps justify seagrass conservation. There has been no comprehensive assessment as to whether seagrass ecosystem services are perceived to vary over the globe or amongst genera. Our study compiles the most complete list of ecosystem services provided by seagrasses so far, including bioregional- and genus-specific information from expert opinion and published studies. Several seagrass ecosystem services vary considerably in their (known) provision across genera and over the globe. Seagrasses genera are clearly not all equal with regard to the ecosystem services they provide. As seagrass genera are not evenly distributed over all bioregions, the presence of an ecosystem service sometimes depends on the genera present. Larger sized seagrass genera (e.g. Posidonia, Enhalus) are perceived to provide more substantial and a wider variety of ecosystem services than smaller species (e.g. Halophila, Lepilaena). Nevertheless, smaller species provide important services. Our findings point out data gaps, provide new insight for more efficient management and recommend caution in economic valuation of seagrass services worldwide.
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Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from Fucoidan: An Update. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5920-46. [PMID: 26389927 PMCID: PMC4584361 DOI: 10.3390/md13095920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are a class of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides found in brown marine algae and echinoderms. Fucoidans have an attractive array of bioactivities and potential applications including immune modulation, cancer inhibition, and pathogen inhibition. Research into fucoidan has continued to gain pace over the last few years and point towards potential therapeutic or adjunct roles. The source, extraction, characterization and detection of fucoidan is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Helen Fitton
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Damien N Stringer
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
| | - Samuel S Karpiniec
- Marinova Pty Ltd., 249 Kennedy Drive, Cambridge, Tasmania 7170, Australia.
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