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Citores L, Iglesias R, Ferreras JM. Antiviral Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:80. [PMID: 33499086 PMCID: PMC7912582 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are rRNA N-glycosylases from plants (EC 3.2.2.22) that inactivate ribosomes thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The antiviral properties of RIPs have been investigated for more than four decades. However, interest in these proteins is rising due to the emergence of infectious diseases caused by new viruses and the difficulty in treating viral infections. On the other hand, there is a growing need to control crop diseases without resorting to the use of phytosanitary products which are very harmful to the environment and in this respect, RIPs have been shown as a promising tool that can be used to obtain transgenic plants resistant to viruses. The way in which RIPs exert their antiviral effect continues to be the subject of intense research and several mechanisms of action have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to examine the research studies that deal with this matter, placing special emphasis on the most recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.)
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Citores L, Ragucci S, Ferreras JM, Di Maro A, Iglesias R. Ageritin, a Ribotoxin from Poplar Mushroom ( Agrocybe aegerita) with Defensive and Antiproliferative Activities. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1319-1327. [PMID: 31136705 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ribotoxins make up a group of extracellular rRNA endoribonucleases produced by ascomycetes that display cytotoxicity toward animal cells, having been proposed as insecticidal agents. Recently, the ribotoxin Ageritin has been isolated from the basidiomycetes Agrocybe aegerita (poplar mushroom), suggesting that ribotoxins are widely distributed among fungi. To gain insights into the protective properties of Ageritin against pathogens and its putative biotechnological applications, we have tested several biological activities of Ageritin, comparing them with those of the well-known ribotoxin α-sarcin, and we found that Ageritin displayed, in addition to the already reported activities, (i) antibacterial activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus, (ii) activity against the tobacco mosaic virus RNA, (iii) endonuclease activity against a supercoiled plasmid, (iv) nuclease activity against genomic DNA, (v) cytotoxicity to COLO 320, HeLa, and Raji cells by promoting apoptosis, and (vi) antifungal activity against the green mold Penicillium digitatum. Therefore, Ageritin and α-sarcin can induce resistance not only to insects but also to viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The multiple biological activities of Ageritin could be exploited to improve resistance to different pathogens by engineering transgenic plants. Furthermore, the induction of cell death by different mechanisms turns these ribotoxins into useful tools for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E−47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E−47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E−47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Xie J, Chen Z, Zhang X, Chen H, Guan W. Identification of an RNase that preferentially cleaves A/G nucleotides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45207. [PMID: 28322335 PMCID: PMC5359670 DOI: 10.1038/srep45207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases play an important role in the RNA metabolism which is critical for the localization, stability and function of mature RNA transcripts. More and more ribonucleases were discovered in recent years with the progress of technology. In the present study, we found that the uncharacterized C19orf43, a novel interacting protein of human telomerase RNA (hTR), digested T7 transcribed RNA, total cellular RNA and RNA oligos but not DNA. Thus we named this new RNase as hTRIR (human telomerase RNA interacting RNase). Genetic analysis showed that hTRIR is conserved among eukaryotic species and widely expressed in different cell lines. The RNase activity of hTRIR works in a broad temperature and pH range while divalent cations are not required. The conserved C-terminus of C19orf43 is necessary for its activity. Finally, we found that hTRIR cleaves all four unpaired RNA nucleotides from 5′ end or 3′ end with higher efficiency for purine bases, which suggested that hTRIR is an exoribonuclease. Taken together, our study showed the first evidence of the novel function of hTRIR in vitro, which provides clue to study the regulatory mechanism of hTR homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Xie
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Honghe Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Chan YS, Dan X, Pan W, Wang H, Guan S, Chan K, Ye X, Liu F, Xia L, Chan WY. Fungal proteinaceous compounds with multiple biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6601-6617. [PMID: 27338574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi comprise organisms like molds, yeasts and mushrooms. They have been used as food or medicine for a long time. A large number of fungal proteins or peptides with diverse biological activities are considered as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer agents. They encompass proteases, ribosome inactivating proteins, defensins, hemolysins, lectins, laccases, ribonucleases, immunomodulatory proteins, and polysaccharopeptides. The target of the present review is to update the status of the various bioactivities of these fungal proteins and peptides and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Ki Chan
- Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Chan WY. Proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and nucleotides with inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus and its enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10399-414. [PMID: 26411457 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has claimed innumerable lives in the past. Many biomolecules which suppress HIV replication and also other biomolecules that inhibit enzymes essential to HIV replication have been reported. Proteins including a variety of milk proteins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, ribonucleases, antifungal proteins, and trypsin inhibitors; peptides comprising cathelicidins, defensins, synthetic peptides, and others; polysaccharides and polysaccharopeptides; nucleosides, nucleotides, and ribozymes, demonstrated anti-HIV activity. In many cases, the mechanism of anti-HIV action has been elucidated. Strategies have been devised to augment the anti-HIV potency of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, New Territories, China.
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