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Ma N, Li R, You S, Zhang DJ. Fermentation enrichment, structural characterization and immunostimulatory effects of β-glucan from Quinoa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131162. [PMID: 38574931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We developed an efficient mixed-strain co-fermentation method to increase the yield of quinoa β-glucan (Q+). Using a 1:1 mass ratio of highly active dry yeast and Streptococcus thermophilus, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 (g/mL), inoculum size of 3.8 % (mass fraction), fermentation at 32 °C for 27 h, we achieved the highest β-glucan yield of (11.13 ± 0.80)%, representing remarkable 100.18 % increase in yield compared to quinoa β-glucan(Q-) extracted using hot water. The structure of Q+ and Q- were confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Q+ contained 41.66 % β-glucan, 3.93 % protein, 2.12 % uronic acid; Q- contained 37.21 % β-glucan, 11.49 % protein, and 1.73 % uronic acid. The average molecular weight of Q+(75.37 kDa) was lower than that of Q- (94.47 kDa). Both Q+ and Q- promote RAW264.7 cell proliferation without displaying toxicity. They stimulate RAW264.7 cells through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, primarily inducing NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines by upregulating CD40 expression. Notably, Q+ exhibited stronger immunostimulatory activity compared to Q-. In summary, the fermentation enrichment method yields higher content of quinoa β-glucan with increased purity and stronger immunostimulatory properties. Further study of its bioimmunological activity and structure-activity relationship may contribute to the development of new immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- College of Food science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Natural product research center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea; East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Jie Zhang
- College of Food science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Huan C, Zhang R, Xie L, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X, Yao J, Gao S. Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides: Physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, biological activity and application prospects: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128990. [PMID: 38158057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. (PAL), a traditional herb, has been used in East Asia for thousands of years. In recent years, polysaccharides extracted from PAL have garnered increased attention due to their outstanding pharmacological and biological properties. Previous research has established that PAL-derived polysaccharides exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antimicrobial, immune-regulatory, intestinal health-promoting, antiviral, and other effects. Nevertheless, a comprehensive summary of the research related to Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides (PALP) has not been reported to date. In this paper, we review the methods for isolation and purification, physiochemical properties, structural features, and biological activities of PALP. To provide a foundation for research and application in the fields of medicine and food, this review also outlines the future development prospects of plantain polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Xie
- Fujian Yixinbao Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Yao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Wang C, Huang L, Huang Y, Tian X, Liu J. Study on Immunoregulatory Effects of Fucoidan from Sargassum graminifolium In Vivo and Immunoactivation Activity of Its Fecal Fermentation Products Using Co-Culture Model. Molecules 2023; 28:7794. [PMID: 38067525 PMCID: PMC10707906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan, brown seaweed-derived dietary fibers (DFs), can be considered a promising candidate for modulating immune responses. Due to its structural complexity and diversity, it is unclear whether Sargassum graminifolium fucoidans (SGFs) also show marvelous immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, two fractions, SGF-1 and SGF-2, were purified from SGFs by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-400 HR column chromatography. We investigated the in vivo immune regulatory activity of SGF-2 and explored the immune activation of SGF-2 fecal fermentation products with in vitro fecal fermentation combined with a Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture system. In vivo results exhibited that SGF-2 could elevate the thymus/spleen indices, CD8+ splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations, and CD4+ Foxp3+ splenic Tregs. The 16S high-throughput sequencing results showed that SGF-2 administration significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Akkermansia. In addition, it was found that SGF-2 fermented by feces could significantly improve the phagocytosis, NO, and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) production of macrophages in the co-culture system. These results indicated that SGFs have the potential to modulate immunity and promote health by affecting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.H.); (X.T.)
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lan Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China;
| | - Yaolong Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.H.); (X.T.)
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China; (Y.H.); (X.T.)
| | - Jieqing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China;
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Ma N, Palanisamy S, Yelithao K, Talapphet N, Zhang Y, Dae-Hee L, Shin IS, Lee DJ, You S. Structural properties and immune-enhancing activities of galactan isolated from red seaweed Grateloupia filicina. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:889-906. [PMID: 37571867 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (GFP) was isolated from Grateloupia filicina and fractionated using a DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column to evaluate immunostimulatory activity. Carbohydrates (62.0%-68.4%) and sulfates (29.3%-34.3%) were the major components of GFP and its fractions (GFP-1 and GFP-2), with relatively lower levels of proteins (4.5%-15.4%) and uronic acid (1.4%-3.9%). The average molecular weight (Mw ) for GFP and its fractions was calculated between 98.2%-243.7 kDa. The polysaccharides were composed of galactose (62.1%-87.2%), glucose (4.5%-33.2%), xylose (3.1%-5.3%), mannose (1.4%-2.2%), rhamnose (1.2%-2.0%), and arabinose (0.9%-1.7%) units connected through →3)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →2)-Galp-(1→, →6)-Galp-(1→, →3,4)-Galp -(1→, →3,6)-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→, →3,4,6)-Galp-(1→, →2,3)-Galp-(1→, →2,4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, →6)-Glcp-(1→ and →4,6)-Glcp-(1→residues. The isolated polysaccharides effectively induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines via nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Further, the expression of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and TLR-4 in RAW264.7 cells indicated their activation through TLR-2 and TLR-4 binding receptors. Among the polysaccharides, GFP-1 highly stimulated the activation of RAW264.7 cells, which was mainly constituted of (→1) terminal-D-galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-linked-ᴅ-galactopyranosyl, (1→4)-linked-ᴅ-galactopyranosyl and (1→3,4) -linked-ᴅ-galactopyranosyl residues. These findings demonstrate that GFP-1 from G. filicina are effective at stimulating the immune system and this warrants further investigation to determine potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Khamphone Yelithao
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Souphanouvong University, Luang Prabang, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Natchanok Talapphet
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Dae-Hee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Shik Shin
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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5
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Li R, Zhou QL, Yang RY, Chen ST, Ding R, Liu XF, Luo LX, Xia QY, Zhong SY, Qi Y, Williams RJ. Determining the potent immunostimulation potential arising from the heteropolysaccharide structure of a novel fucoidan, derived from Sargassum Zhangii. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100712. [PMID: 37397206 PMCID: PMC10314166 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A preliminary study was conducted of the chemical, structural properties and immunomodulatory activities of fucoidan isolated from Sargassum Zhangii (SZ). Sargassum Zhangii fucoidan (SZF) was determined to have a sulfate content of 19.74 ± 0.01% (w/w) and an average molecular weight of 111.28 kDa. SZF possessed a backbone structure of (1,4)-α-d-linked-galactose, (3,4)-α-l-fucose, (1,3)-α-d-linked-xylose, β-d-linked-mannose and a terminal (1,4)-α-d-linked-glucose. The main monosaccharide composition was determined as (w/w) 36.10% galactose, 20.13% fucose, 8.86% xylose, 7.36% glucose, 5.62% mannose, and 18.07% uronic acids, respectively. An immunostimulatory assay showed that SZF, compared to commercial fucoidans (Undaria pitnnaifida and Fucus vesiculosus sources), significantly elevated nitric oxide production via up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase at both gene and protein levels. These results suggest that SZ has the potential to be a source of fucoidan with enhanced properties that may act as a useful ingredient for functional foods, nutritional supplements, and immune enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Yu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Tong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Rui Ding
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, the Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian-Xiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, the Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Yi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi Qi
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, the Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Richard J. Williams
- IMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
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Park JS, Han JM, Shin YN, Park YS, Shin YR, Park SW, Roy VC, Lee HJ, Kumagai Y, Kishimura H, Chun BS. Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Brown Seaweeds Using Subcritical Water: A Comprehensive Analysis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:328. [PMID: 37367653 DOI: 10.3390/md21060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the bioactive properties of three important brown seaweed species, Sargassum thunbergii, Undaria pinnatifida, and Saccharina japonica, by subcritical water extraction (SWE), as these species are well known for their beneficial health effects. Their physiochemical properties, including potential antioxidant, antihypertensive, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and the antibacterial activity of the hydroysates were also analyzed. The highest total phlorotannin, total sugar content, and reducing sugar content in the S. thunbergii hydrolysates were 38.82 ± 0.17 mg PGE/g, 116.66 ± 0.19 mg glucose/g dry sample, and 53.27 ± 1.57 mg glucose/g dry sample, respectively. The highest ABTS+ and DPPH antioxidant activities were obtained in the S. japonica hydrolysates (124.77 ± 2.47 and 46.35 ± 0.01 mg Trolox equivalent/g, respectively) and the highest FRAP activity was obtained in the S. thunbergii hydrolysates (34.47 ± 0.49 mg Trolox equivalent/g seaweed). In addition, the seaweed extracts showed antihypertensive (≤59.77 ± 0.14%) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (≤68.05 ± 1.15%), as well as activity against foodborne pathogens. The present findings provide evidence of the biological activity of brown seaweed extracts for potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Shin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ryeon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikash Chandra Roy
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Hee-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hideki Kishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Rautela I, Thapliyal P, Sahni S, Rayal R, Sharma MD. Potential of seaweeds in preventing cancer and HIV infection in humans. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Premarathna AD, Tuvikene R, Fernando PHP, Adhikari R, Perera MCN, Ranahewa TH, Howlader MM, Wangchuk P, Jayasooriya AP, Rajapakse RPVJ. Comparative analysis of proximate compositions, mineral and functional chemical groups of 15 different seaweed species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19610. [PMID: 36380074 PMCID: PMC9666456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is a popular edible source and is associated with many foods and pharmaceutical industries around the world. The current research aims to provide information on the chemical composition of 15 seaweed species, consisted of Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta/Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyta macroalgae, collected from coastal areas of Sri Lanka. Seaweed samples were subjected to the analysis of lipids, proteins, ash and macro, micro, trace and ultra-trace elements. The highest protein content was recorded in the brown algae. Maximum dietary fiber and ash contents were recorded from green algae. The highest predominant fatty acids were observed from green seaweeds (Caulerpa racemosa); however, linoleic acid (C18:2n6) is the dominant fatty acid of all macroalgae. Mineral contents were highest in the red macroalga; however, copper, zinc and magnesium were also comparatively higher in green alga Ulva lactuca. In conclusion, 15 seaweed species belonging to the three different classes of seaweeds are investigated in details to obtain their biochemical, mineral and fatty acid compositions for the synthesis of novel therapeutic agents. In order to explore biorefinery processes for these seaweeds, as well as how they can potentially be cultivated, more extensive studies are required. Studying and determining the nutritional values of seaweeds will be beneficial with the potentials for future industrial uses and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal D Premarathna
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rando Tuvikene
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - P H P Fernando
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjith Adhikari
- National Serpentarium, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M C N Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T H Ranahewa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Md Musa Howlader
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva mnt 29, 10120, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Anura P Jayasooriya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R P V J Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Zaitseva OO, Sergushkina MI, Khudyakov AN, Polezhaeva TV, Solomina ON. Seaweed sulfated polysaccharides and their medicinal properties. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zhao T, Wang B, Shen J, Wei Y, Zhu Y, Tian X, Wen G, Xu B, Fu C, Xie Z, Xi Y, Li Z, Peng J, Wu Y, Tang X, Wan C, Pan L, Zhu W, Li Z, Qin D. Third dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine for patients with RA: Focusing on immunogenicity and effects of RA drugs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978272. [PMID: 36117981 PMCID: PMC9470915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the immunogenicity of the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and explore the effect of RA drugs on vaccine immunogenicity. Methods We recruited RA patients (n = 222) and healthy controls (HC, n = 177) who had been injected with a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and their neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer levels were assessed. Results RA patients and HC were age- and gender-matched, and the mean interval between 3rd vaccination and sampling was comparable. The NAb titers were significantly lower in RA patients after the third immunization compared with HC. The positive rate of NAb in HC group was 90.4%, while that in RA patients was 80.18%, and the difference was significant. Furthermore, comparison of NAb titers between RA treatment subgroups and HC showed that the patients in the conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) group exhibited no significant change in NAb titers, while in those receiving the treatment of biological DMARDs (bDMARDs), Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and prednisone, the NAb titers were significantly lower. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that NAb responses to SARS-CoV-2 in HC did differ significantly according to the interval between 3rd vaccination and sampling, but this finding was not observed in RA patients. In addition, NAb titers were not significantly correlated with RA-related laboratory indicators, including RF-IgA, RF-IgG, RF-IgM, anti-CCP antibody; C-RP; ESR; NEUT% and LYMPH%. Conclusion Serum antibody responses to the third dose of vaccine in RA patients were weaker than HC. Our study will help to evaluate the efficacy and safety of booster vaccination in RA patients and provide further guidance for adjusting vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The Department of Educational Administration, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Youyang Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofang Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Guangfen Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bonan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chenyang Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yujiang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenmin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chunping Wan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Yunxian, Yunxian, China
- Wenxin Zhu
| | - Zhaofu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Zhaofu Li
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Qin
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11
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Niu X, Yu J, Huang Q, Yu J, Yang Y, Song H, Liu Y, Xiao X, Cui L, Li W. Immunoenhancement activity of Bletilla striata polysaccharide through MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:650-660. [PMID: 35892187 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f., is a traditional Chinese medicine, and the Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) is one of the principal components extracted from Bletilla striata with various biological activities. Previous studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides have significant immunomodulatory activities. However, as a plant polysaccharide, the research of BSP on immunomodulatory activities is limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of BSP in vivo and further explore its underlying mechanism in vitro. In vivo, a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mice mode was established by intraperitoneal injection of CTX, and the immune-enhancing effect of BSP (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) on immunosuppressed mice were evaluated. The result indicated that BSP could significantly improve the immune organ index and the content of immunoglobulin, TNF-α and IL-4 in serum. It was also found that BSP could clearly ameliorate the spleen damage induced by CTX. Meanwhile, the result showed that BSP could not only improve the proliferation of splenocytes, but also activate the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in mouse spleen tissue. In vitro, potential mechanism was further revealed in macrophages. The result supported that BSP could activate macrophages with high phagocytic ability, and induce macrophages to secrete cytokines. Finally, it revealed that activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway should be the underlying mechanism of the immunoenhancment of BSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Langjun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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12
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Huang L, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Zhu X, Zhang P, Wang C, Liu J. Effects of fucoidans and alginates from Sargassum graminifolium on allergic symptoms and intestinal microbiota in mice with OVA-induced food allergy. Food Funct 2022; 13:6702-6715. [PMID: 35660845 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy has been one of the main problems threatening people's health in recent years. However, there is still no way to completely cure it at present. Therefore, the development of food allergy related drugs is still necessary. Sargassum graminifolium (SG) is a kind of polysaccharide rich marine brown alga used in food and medicine. Sargassum graminifolium polysaccharides (SGP) is mainly composed of fucoidans and alginic acid. In our study, we compared the activity of fucoidans and alginates from SG against OVA-induced food allergy in a mouse model, observed the regulatory effects of fucoidans and alginates from SG on the intestinal microbiota and summarized the possible role of the intestinal microbiota in the anti-food allergy process because polysaccharides can further act on the body through the intestinal microbiota. The results showed that fucoidans and alginates from SG could relieve the symptoms of allergy, diarrhea and jejunum injury significantly in mice with food allergy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, fucoidans at 500 mg kg-1 could reduce OVA-specific IgE and TNF-α levels significantly in the serum of food allergic mice (p < 0.05), while alginates could only significantly down-regulate serum OVA-specific IgE (p < 0.05). The results also showed that fucoidans had a stronger regulatory effect on the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in food allergic mice compared to alginates at the same dose. In addition, fucoidans at 500 mg kg-1 had the most significant regulatory effect on Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Alistipes in food allergic mice. These results suggested that fucoidans and alginates might regulate food allergy in mice through different pathways. Together, this study enriched the research on the action of alga-derived polysaccharides against food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Qianhui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Yudie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Qing Yin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Xunxian Zhu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Peixi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Jieqing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
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13
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Immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide from Pimpinella anisum seeds on RAW264.7 and NK-92 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:546-554. [PMID: 35660044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pimpinella anisum were isolated using water at elevated temperature and DEAE Sepharose FF chromatography to examine their chemical structure and activation capacity on immune cells. P. anisum fractions (PAF1, PAF2 and PAF3) were mainly composed of neutral sugars (84.0-98.2%) and uronic acids (2.1-11.8%) with weight average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 186.6 to 5474.5 × 103 g/mol. Polysaccharides induced a significant inflammatory response in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells releasing nitric oxide and expressing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines. The induction of NK-92 natural killer cells resulted in TNF-α and IFN-γ production and activation of GrB/perforin-, NKG2D- and FasL-mediated cytotoxicity. Polysaccharides triggered the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, JNK and p38 proteins in RAW264.7 and NK-92 cells indicating the involvement of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. The most active polysaccharide was a galactoarabinan with complex structure.
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14
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Ziyaei K, Ataie Z, Mokhtari M, Adrah K, Daneshmehr MA. An insight to the therapeutic potential of algae-derived sulfated polysaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids: Focusing on the COVID-19. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:244-257. [PMID: 35306019 PMCID: PMC8924028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic severely affected human health worldwide. The rapidly increasing COVID-19 cases and successive mutations of the virus have made it a major challenge for scientists to find the best and efficient drug/vaccine/strategy to counteract the virus pathogenesis. As a result of research in scientific databases, regulating the immune system and its responses with nutrients and nutritional interventions is the most critical solution to prevent and combat this infection. Also, modulating other organs such as the intestine with these compounds can lead to the vaccines' effectiveness. Marine resources, mainly algae, are rich sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds with known immunomodulatory properties and the gut microbiome regulations. According to the purpose of the review, algae-derived bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory activities, sulfated polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have a good effect on the immune system. In addition, they have probiotic/prebiotic properties in the intestine and modulate the gut microbiomes; therefore, they can increase the effectiveness of vaccines produced. Thus, they with respectable safety, immune regulation, and modulation of microbiota have potential therapeutic against infections, especially COVID-19. They can also be employed as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Kelvin Adrah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Maher S, Ryan MT, Gath V, Ravindran R, Kiely C, Rajauria G, Garcia-Vaquero M, Sweeney T. Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:39. [PMID: 35369884 PMCID: PMC8978420 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti-S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (containing 46.6% fucoidan, 18.6% laminarin, 10.7% mannitol, 4.6% alginate) in vitro, and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment). RESULTS In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts (P < 0.05). In the newly weaned pig experiment (12 replicates/treatment), high ANE supplementation increased gain to feed ratio, similar to ZnO supplementation, and reduced faecal Salmonella counts on d 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups (P < 0.05). The challenge experiment included thirty-six pigs from the previous experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments (control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group) apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on d 21 (ZnO-residual group). These dietary treatments had no effect on performance, faecal scores, Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts (P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P < 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota, Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigkita Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Maher
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marion T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vivian Gath
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Claire Kiely
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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16
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Feng Y, Wassie T, Gan R, Wu X. Structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7180-7196. [PMID: 35193454 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are becoming an important source of valuable candidates of functional food that remain unexplored. Compositional analysis showed that marine algae contain essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals, of which polysaccharides are the main bioactive component. Depending on the source, marine algae polysaccharides are sulfated, which have diverse structures and compositions that influence their biological activities. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae (SPs) exhibit various bioactivities, especially immunomodulation. This review aims at summarizing the structural characteristics of SPs, their immunomodulatory effects, and the structural-immunomodulatory activity relationships between them from articles in recent decade, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further applications of SPs as promising food or feed additives and possible health products to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Renyou Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Wang Y, Shen X, Yin K, Miao C, Sun Y, Mao S, Liu D, Sheng J. Structural characteristics and immune-enhancing activity of fractionated polysaccharides from Athyrium Multidentatum (Doll.) Ching. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:76-89. [PMID: 35181328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides coded as CP were extracted from Athyrium Multidentatum (Doll.) Ching and then fractionated into five fractions (FP-1, FP-2, FP-3, FP-4 and FP-5). A purified polysaccharide designated as FP-3-4 was prepared from FP-3 by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Chemical analysis disclosed that CP and these fractions were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, ribose and uronic acid with different molar ratios. They presented different images of SEM. FP-3-4 was highly branched polymers with sixteen types of linkages. The in vitro immunomodulatory results stated that CP and these fractions could promote macrophage proliferation, enhance macrophage phagocytosis and increase the production of NO, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-2, indicating remarkable immune enhancement activities. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CP and FP-3 induced macrophage activation mainly through MAPK and alternative NF-κΒ signaling pathways via CD14/TLR4 and Dectin-2 receptors, which were verified by RT-qPCR and western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Kaiyue Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Changqing Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yanlong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shumei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Jiwen Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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18
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Lee PT, Nan FH, Chiu PY, Tseng CC, Lee MC. Sarcodia suiae Water Extract Promotes the Expression of Proinflammatory and Th1-Type Cytokines and Delay the Onset of Mortality in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) During Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801501. [PMID: 35140710 PMCID: PMC8820276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a marine fish of high economic value that grows at a fast rate. However, intensive fish farming has led to disease outbreaks in cobia cultures, which is highly costly to the industry. The impact of infectious diseases on cobia production has led to the inappropriate and increased use of chemicals and antibiotics, which negatively affects the environment and human health and promotes the spread of drug-resistant pathogens. Hence, prophylactic measurements, such as the use of immunomodulators, are required to improve the health of cultured animals against pathogens. In this study, we examined the effects of Sarcodia suiae water extract (SSWE) in cobia in vitro and in vivo. We found that treatment with SSWE could significantly increase the expression of cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α) and chemokines (e.g., IL-8) in primary cultured head kidney leukocytes. Intraperitoneal injection of SSWE (20 μg/g body weight) promoted higher expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, chemokines (e.g., CC1), and antibodies (e.g., IgT) in head kidney and spleen tissues of the fish compared with other dose levels. Additionally, we describe for the second time (only after India) of the isolation of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Phdd) from a deadly epizootic in cage-farmed cobia. An intraperitoneal inoculation of SSWE before Phdd challenge showed that SSWE treatment could delay the onset of mortality of cobia. Finally, fish that received SSWE intraperitoneally before infection with Phdd exhibited elevated expression of Th1-type cytokines, namely, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. At the same time, the expression of Th2-related factors (such as IL-10 in the head kidney, and IgM and IgT in the spleen) were lower for the fish that received SSWE instead of PBS before the Phdd challenge. The results indicate that SSWE treatment facilitates the induction of Th1-type cytokines in cobia to fight against Phdd infection and has the potential to be used as an immunostimulant and vaccine adjuvant for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Tseng
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chung-Chih Tseng, ; Meng-Chou Lee,
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chung-Chih Tseng, ; Meng-Chou Lee,
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19
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Zhong C, Tian W, Chen H, Yang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Zhu S, Li P, Du B. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale leaves. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14023. [PMID: 34873736 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two kinds of polysaccharides from leaves of Dendrobium officinale, namely DLP-1 and DLP-2, were obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol sedimentation, and chromatographic separation using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. They were composed of different monosaccharides and the content of monosaccharides varied significantly while DLP-1 (Mw 1.38 × 106 Da) was mainly composed of mannose (71.69%) and glucose (22.89%), and DLP-2 (Mw 1.93 × 106 Da) was constituted by rhamnose (35.05%), arabinose (24.12%), and galactose (25.65%). A triple-helical conformation was exhibited by both of them. The scanning electron microscope image of DLP-1 showed an irregular and large lamellar shape, as well as a smooth surface and a porous interior, illustrating they had an amorphous structure. In contrast, DLP-2 revealed a rough, loose, and uneven surface consisting of large sponge-like particles. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and (1→4)-2-O-acetyl-β-D-Manp were the main linkage types of DLP-1, whereas DLP-2 was constituted by a large amount of (1→4)-β-D-Manp, (1→4)-β-D-Glcp, and other residues. Besides, DLP-1 and DLP-2 stimulated the proliferation and phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells and improved the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These results proved that both DLP-1 and DLP-2 possessed excellent immunoregulatory bioactivities and could be functional food or adjuvant drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The leaf of Dendrobium officinale is a by-product with huge biomass. The lack of systematic research on its chemical composition and pharmacologic effect, leading to a great waste of resources. In order to maximize the value of D. officinale, this study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and immunologic effects of two polysaccharide fractions (DLP-1 and DLP-2) from D. officinale leaves, showing that DLP-1 and DLP-2 in D. officinale leaves could be used as anti-inflammatory agents to avoid wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Zhu
- Hua An Tang Biotech Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Zvyagintseva TN, Usoltseva RV, Shevchenko NM, Surits VV, Imbs TI, Malyarenko OS, Besednova NN, Ivanushko LA, Ermakova SP. Structural diversity of fucoidans and their radioprotective effect. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118551. [PMID: 34560963 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are biologically active sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae. They have a great structural diversity and a wide spectrum of biological activity. This review is intended to outline what is currently known about the structures of fucoidans and their radioprotective effect. We classified fucoidans according to their composition and structure, examined the structure of fucoidans of individual representatives of algae, summarized the available data on changes in the yields and compositions of fucoidans during algae development, and focused on information about underexplored radioprotective effect of these polysaccharides. Based on the presented in the review data, it is possible to select algae, which are the sources of fucoidans of desired structures and to determine the best time to harvest them. The use of high purified polysaccharides with established structures increase the value of studies of their biological effects and the determination of the dependence "structure - biological effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia M Shevchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii V Surits
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia N Besednova
- G.P. Somov Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1, Selskaya str., 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila A Ivanushko
- G.P. Somov Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1, Selskaya str., 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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21
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Effect of marine sulfated polysaccharides derived from Persian Gulf seaweeds on Oncorhynchus mykiss oil stability under accelerated storage conditions. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Cao RA, Ma N, Palanisamy S, Talapphet N, Zhang J, Wang C, You S. Structural Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activities of Quinoa Non-starch Polysaccharide Before and After Deproteinization. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 30:2291-2303. [PMID: 34849108 PMCID: PMC8620320 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides derived from natural resources play a significant role in the field of food science and human health due to their extensive distribution in nature and less toxicity. In this order, the immunostimulatory activity of a non-starch polysaccharide (CQNP) from Chenopodium quinoa was examined before and after deproteination in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The chemical composition of CQNP and deproteinated-CQNP (D-CQNP) were spectrometrically analysed that revealed the presence of carbohydrate (22.7 ± 0.8% and 39.5 ± 0.8%), protein (41.4 ± 0.5% and 20.8 ± 0.5%) and uronic acid (8.7 ± 0.3% and 6.7 ± 0.2%). The monosaccharide composition results exposed that CQNP possesses a high amount of arabinose (34.5 ± 0.3) followed by galactose (26.5 ± 0.2), glucose (21.9 ± 0.3), rhamnose (7.0 ± 0.1), mannose (6.0 ± 0.1) and xylose (4.2 ± 0.2). However, after deproteination, a difference was found in the order of the monosaccharide components, with galactose (41.1 ± 0.5) as a major unit followed by arabinose (34.7 ± 0.5), rhamnose (10.9 ± 0.2), glucose (6.6 ± 0.2), mannose (3.4 ± 0.2) and xylose (3.2 ± 0.2). Further, D-CQNP potentially stimulate the RAW 264.7 cells through the production of nitric oxide (NO), upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and various pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells by D-CQNP takes place along the NF-κB and the MAPKs signaling pathways through the expression of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40). This results demonstrate that RAW 264.7 cells are effectively stimulated after removal of the protein content in C. quinoa non-starch polysaccharides, which could be useful for develop a new immunostimulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-An Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
- East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Natchanok Talapphet
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - JiaMiao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - ChangYuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
- East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702 Republic of Korea
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23
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Novel Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Jasmine Tea. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102375. [PMID: 34681424 PMCID: PMC8535958 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few studies dealing with chemical elucidation and pharmacological potentials of water-soluble polysaccharides from jasmine tea, limiting their use in functional foods. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides (named as JSP) were extracted from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea and fractionated to afford two sub-fractions (JSP-1 and JSP-2). The main structural characteristics of novel JSP sub-fractions were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Physiologically, the abilities of JSP-1 and JSP-2 to reduce ferric ions, scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as protect islet cells were confirmed in vitro. JSP-1 exhibited better antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than JSP-2. The molecular weights of JSP-1 and JSP-2 were 18.4 kDa and 14.1 kDa, respectively. JSP-1 was made up of glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid with molar ratios 1.14:4.69:1.00:9.92:13.79:4.09, whereas JSP-2 with a triple helical structure was composed of galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid as 3.80:1.00:8.27:11.85:5.05 of molar ratios. JSP-1 contains →1)-α-Galƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Galƒ-(2→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(5→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3→, →1)-α-Araƒ-(3,5→, →1)-β-Xylp-(2→ and →1)-β-Xylp-(3→ residues in the backbone. These results open up new pharmacological prospects for the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from jasmine tea.
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24
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Modification and enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by Bifidobacterial fermentation of an exopolysaccharide from a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:586-594. [PMID: 34403670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the mycelial fermentation of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 had shown significant anti-inflammatory activity previously, and EPS-LM was a highly active fraction with a relatively low molecular weight (MW) isolated from the Cs-HK1 EPS. This study was to assess the effects of Bifidobacterial fermentation in anaerobic conditions on the molecular properties and anti-inflammatory activity of EPS-LM. In both Bifidobacterial cultures (B. breve and B. longum), EPS-LM was fractionally consumed as a carbon source, increasing the bacterial growth and acetic acid production. Analytical results from the fermentation digesta (supernatant) suggested that EPS-LM was partially degraded to lower molecular weight (MW) products with modified structures during the Bifidobacterial fermentation. More interestingly, the higher MW digesta fraction containing the partially degraded EPS-LM showed even stronger inhibiting activity than the original EPS-LM on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in THP-1 cell culture, including NF-κB activation, release of NO, TNF-α and IL-8. The study has shown that the fermentation by selected Bifidobacterial strains is effective to modify natural polysaccharides with enhanced bioactivities.
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25
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Wang D, Liu Y, Zhao W. The Adjuvant Effects on Vaccine and the Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655570. [PMID: 33869288 PMCID: PMC8047473 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most successful strategy to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases by generating an adequate protective immune response. However, vaccines composed of antigens alone can only stimulate weak immunogenicity to prevent infection in many cases. Adjuvant can enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens. Therefore, adjuvant is urgently needed to strengthen the immune response of the vaccines. An ideal adjuvant should be safe, cheap, biodegradable and biologically inert. In addition to having a long shelf life, it can also promote cellular and humoral immune responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has many different ingredients, such as glycosides, polysaccharides, acids, terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and so on. TCM polysaccharides are one of the main types of biologically active substances. They have a large range of pharmacological activities, especially immunomodulatory. TCM polysaccharides can regulate the immune system of animals by binding to multiple receptors on the surface of immune cells and activating different signal pathways. This review focuses on a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in vaccine adjuvant effects of polysaccharides from many important TCM, such as Artemisia rupestris L., Cistanche deserticola, Pinus massoniana, Chuanminshen violaceum, Astragalus, Ganoderma lucidum, Codonopsis pilosula, Lycium barbarum, Angelica, Epimedium, and Achyranthes bidentata. Moreover, this review also introduces their immunomodulatory effects and the molecular mechanisms of action on animal bodies, which showed that TCM polysaccharides can activate macrophages, the signal pathway of T/B lymphocytes, regulate the signal pathway of natural killer cells, activate the complement system, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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26
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Fernando IPS, Dias MKHM, Madusanka DMD, Han EJ, Kim MJ, Heo SJ, Ahn G. Fucoidan Fractionated from Sargassum coreanum via Step-Gradient Ethanol Precipitation Indicate Promising UVB-Protective Effects in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030347. [PMID: 33652609 PMCID: PMC7996943 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and receive significant attention in functional food and cosmetic research. Industrial applications of fucoidan are limited partially due to high extraction and purification costs. The present study implements an enzyme-assisted extraction and step-gradient ethanol precipitation for fractionating fucoidan from Sargassum coreanum based on its charge and molecular weight and evaluation of ultraviolet B (UVB) protective effects in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). The fucoidan fraction SCOC4 indicated higher fucose and sulfate contents with Fourier-transform infrared and 1H NMR spectral patterns resembling fucoidans. SCOC4 dose-dependently abated UVB-induced keratinocyte damage via suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species, apoptotic body formation, DNA damage via suppressing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. UVB-protective effects of SCOC4 were further attributable to the augmentation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 mediated cellular antioxidant defense enzymes. Step-gradient ethanol precipitation was a convenient approach of fractionating fucoidans based on molecular weight and charge (depend on the degree of sulfation). Further evaluation of seasonal variations, biocompatibility parameters, efficacy, and shelf life may widen the use of S. coreanum fucoidans in developing UVB-protective cosmetics and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (M.K.H.M.D.); (D.M.D.M.); (E.J.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (M.K.H.M.D.); (D.M.D.M.); (E.J.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (M.K.H.M.D.); (D.M.D.M.); (E.J.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-659-7213
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27
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Wang Q, Xing N, Zhang Z, Peng D, Li Y, Wang X, Wang R, He Y, Zeng Y, Kuang H. Optimization of steaming process for polysaccharides from panax notoginseng by box-behnken response surface methodology and comparison of immunomodulatory effects of raw and steamed panax notoginseng polysaccharides. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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28
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Tian W, Xiao N, Yang Y, Xiao J, Zeng R, Xie L, Qiu Z, Li P, Du B. Structure, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide extracted from Sacha inchi seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:116-126. [PMID: 32565299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (PVLP-1) was extracted and purified from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds and the structure, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of PVLP-1 were investigated. PVLP-1 (144 kDa) consisted of glucose (69.76%), mannose (14.86%), arabinose (10.53%), galactose (2.42%), ribose (1.23%), rhamnose (0.27%) and xylose (0.93%). PVLP-1 displayed characteristic polysaccharide bands in Fourier transform NMR spectra and infrared. The primary structure of PVLP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide with a backbone of (1 → 6)-linked glucose, sidechains of (1 → 4)-linked mannose, (1 → 4)-linked glucose and (1 → 3, 6)-linked mannose and a residue unit of →1)-linked arabinose as revealed the methylation analysis. PVLP-1 possessed good water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC) and antioxidant capacities. Besides, PVLP-1 induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cell and enhanced the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha(TNF-α) and IL-1 beta (IL-1β). The present study indicated that PVLP-1 possessed immune-enhancing bioactivities and could be functional food or adjuvant drug to improve biological immunity of immunodeficiency diseases and hypoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ruiping Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Lanhua Xie
- Expert Research Station of Dubing, Pu'er City, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Ziyou Qiu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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29
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis In Vivo and Vitro and Their Activation Mechanism on RAW246.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110538. [PMID: 33126624 PMCID: PMC7692637 DOI: 10.3390/md18110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP) was obtained by ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) and purified by an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Two different methods were applied to purified Spirulina platensis (S.p.) polysaccharide (PSP), respectively, due to PSP as a complex multi-component system. Three polysaccharide fractions (PSP-1, PSP-2, and PSP-3) with different acidic groups were obtained after PSP was fractionated by the diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-52 cellulose chromatography, and two polysaccharide fractions (PSP-L and PSP-H) with different molecular weight were obtained by ultrafiltration centrifugation. The chemoprotective effects of PSP in cyclophosphamide (Cy) treated mice were investigated. The results showed that PSP could significantly increase spleen and thymus index, peripheral white blood cells (PWBC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The in vivo immunostimulatory assays demonstrated that PSP could in dose-dependent increase of TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in sera. The in vitro immunostimulatory assays showed that PSP and its fractions (PSPs) could evidently enhance the proliferation of splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells and increase the productions of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). PSPs could also enhance phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. The acidic polysaccharide fractions of PSP-2, PSP-3, and PSP-L with small molecular weight had the higher immunostimulatory activity. Signaling pathway research results indicated that PSP-L activated RAW264.7 cells through MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways via TLR4 receptor.
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30
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Ou ZR, Wu J, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Physicochemical Characterization of Hizikia fusiforme Polysaccharide and Its Hypoglycemic Activity via Mediating Insulin-Stimulated Blood Glucose Utilization of Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000367. [PMID: 32955163 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a functional polysaccharide fraction (HFP) was obtained from Hizikia fusiforme by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, and its structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity and potential molecular mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that HFP with high uronic acid was a heterogeneous polysaccharide composed of six monosaccharides. Congo red test explained that HFP had no triple helix conformation. AFM analysis revealed that HFP was spherical particle with flame-like aggregates and multiple strands closely arranged. Rheological analysis showed that HFP exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior. HFP significantly ameliorated diabetes-related symptoms and serum profiles and increased muscle glycogen storage in rats. HFP administration at 400 mg/kg body weight/day displayed greater advantages than metformin in controlling the levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA) of diabetic rats. Intervention of HFP up-regulated markedly the expression of AMPK-α, GLUT4, PI3K and Akt in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats at the mRNA and protein levels, revealing hypoglycemic effects of HFP may be related closely to improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Chemistry, Physical
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sargassum/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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31
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Evaluation of the production of alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE) and tryptophan in aerobic granular sludge systems. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:259-270. [PMID: 32889571 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The engineering and microbiological aspects involved in the production of alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE) and tryptophan (TRY) in aerobic granular sludge systems were evaluated. The inclusion of short anoxic phase (A/O/A cycle-anaerobic, oxic, and anoxic phase) and the control of sludge retention time (SRT ≈ 10 days) proved to be an important strategy to increase the content of these bioproducts in granules. The substrate concentration also has a relevant impact on the production of ALE and TRY. The results of the microbiological analysis showed that slow-growing heterotrophic microbial groups (i.e., PAOs and GAOs) might be associated with the production of ALE, and the EPS-producing fermentative bacteria might be associated with the TRY production. The preliminary economic evaluation indicated the potential of ALE recovery in AGS systems in decreasing the OPEX (operational expenditure) of the treatment, especially for larger sewage treatment plants or industrial wastewaters with a high organic load.
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Ye J, Chen D, Ye Z, Huang Y, Zhang N, Lui EMK, Xue C, Xiao M. Fucoidan Isolated from Saccharina japonica Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages via Blocking NF-κB, MAPK and JAK-STAT Pathways. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E328. [PMID: 32599714 PMCID: PMC7345355 DOI: 10.3390/md18060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan has been reported to have a variety of biological activities. However, different algae species, extraction methods, harvesting seasons, and growth regions lead to the structural variation of fucoidan, which would affect the bioactivities of fucoidan. To date, the anti-inflammatory properties and the underlying mechanism of fucoidan from brown alga Saccharina japonica (S. japonica) remain limited. The aims of the present study were to investigate the structure, the anti-inflammatory properties, and the potential molecular mechanisms of fucoidan isolated from S. japonica (SF6) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. SF6 was characterized using high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and observed to be rich in fucose, galactose, and sulfate. Additionally, results showed that SF6 remarkably inhibited LPS-induced production of various inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammation cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-β (IL-β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A mechanism study showed that SF6 could effectively inhibit inflammatory responses through blocking LPS-induced inflammation pathways, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Janus kinase (JAK)-2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1/3 pathways. These results suggested that SF6 has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent applied in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhicheng Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Edmund M. K. Lui
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
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33
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Chaisuwan W, Jantanasakulwong K, Wangtueai S, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Techapun C, Phongthai S, You S, Regenstein JM, Seesuriyachan P. Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Alavi M, Tabarsa M, You S, Gavlighi HA. Structural characteristics, molecular properties and immunostimulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharide from freshwater Myriophyllum spicatum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:951-961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Barbosa JDS, Sabry DA, Silva CHF, Gomes DL, Santana-Filho AP, Sassaki GL, Rocha HAO. Immunostimulatory Effect of Sulfated Galactans from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050234. [PMID: 32365741 PMCID: PMC7281474 DOI: 10.3390/md18050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) obtained from green seaweeds are structurally heterogeneous molecules with multifunctional bioactivities. In this work, two sulfated and pyruvated galactans were purified from Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata (named SP1 and SP2), and their immunostimulatory effect was evaluated using cultured murine macrophage cells. Both SPs equally increased the production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. NMR spectroscopy revealed that both galactans were composed primarily of 3)-β-d-Galp-(1→3) units. Pyruvate groups were also found, forming five-membered cyclic ketals as 4,6-O-(1'carboxy)-ethylidene-β-d-Galp residues. Some galactoses are sulfated at C-2. In addition, only SP2 showed some galactose units sulfated at C-4, indicating that sulfation at this position is not essential for the immunomodulatory activity of these galactans. Overall, the data showed that the galactans of C. cupressoides exhibited immunostimulating activity with potential therapeutic applications, which can be used in the development of new biomedical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais—BIOPOL, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (J.d.S.B.); (D.A.S.); (C.H.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN)—Campus, São Gonçalo do Amarante 59291-727, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Diego Araújo Sabry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais—BIOPOL, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (J.d.S.B.); (D.A.S.); (C.H.F.S.)
| | - Cynthia Haynara Ferreira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais—BIOPOL, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (J.d.S.B.); (D.A.S.); (C.H.F.S.)
| | - Dayanne Lopes Gomes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI)—Campus, BR 020, s/n, São Raimundo Nonato 64770-000, Bairro Primavera, Brazil;
| | - Arquimedes Paixão Santana-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil; (A.P.S.-F.); (G.L.S.)
| | - Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil; (A.P.S.-F.); (G.L.S.)
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais—BIOPOL, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (J.d.S.B.); (D.A.S.); (C.H.F.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-99999-9561
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36
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Tabarsa M, Dabaghian EH, You S, Yelithao K, Cao R, Rezaei M, Alboofetileh M, Bita S. The activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways of RAW264.7 murine macrophages and natural killer cells by fucoidan from Nizamuddinia zanardinii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:56-67. [PMID: 31953171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Nizamuddinia zanardinii were extracted using water at elevated temperature and fractionated by a DEAE Sepharose FF column yielding four fractions (F1-F4). Crude and fractions were composed of neutral sugars (50.8-57.4%), proteins (10.8-18.1%), sulfates (7.5-17.3%) and uronic acids (3.5-7.7%). Various levels of galactose (13.4-44.4%), fucose (34.1-40.1%), mannose (14.1-33.2%) and xylose (7.4-15.2%) formed the building blocks of the polysaccharide structures. The weight average molecular weights (Mw) of polysaccharides varied between 40.3 and 1254.4 × 103 g/mol. F3 polysaccharide was the most active fraction stimulating RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells to secrete NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and activating NK cells to release TNF-α, INF-γ, granzyme-B, perforin, NKG2D and FasL through NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Highly-branched F3 polysaccharide mainly consisted of (1 → 2)-Fucp, (1 → 2,3)-Manp, (1 → 3)-Galp, (1 → 2)-Manp, (1 → 3)-Manp, (1 → 2,3,4)-Manp and (1 → 2,3,6)-Manp residues with great amount of (→1)-Fucp and (→1)-Xylp. Sulfates substituted at C-2 of fucose and galactose residues. Overall, fucoidan from N. zanardinii showed immense potency in boosting immune system through macrophages and NK cells activations and therefore suitable for further exploration in immune-mediated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Elham Hashem Dabaghian
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Khamphone Yelithao
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - RongAn Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alboofetileh
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Seraj Bita
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
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37
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Surits VV, Usoltseva RV, Shevchenko NM, Thinh PD, Ermakova SP. Structural Characteristics and Anticancer Activity In Vitro of Fucoidans from Brown Seaweeds Sargassum miyabei and S. oligocystum. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-02938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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Torres M, Flórez-Fernández N, Simón-Vázquez R, Giménez-Abián J, Díaz J, González-Fernández Á, Domínguez H. Fucoidans: The importance of processing on their anti-tumoral properties. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Rushdi MI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Saber H, Attia EZ, Abdelraheem WM, Madkour HA, Hassan HM, Elmaidomy AH, Abdelmohsen UR. Pharmacological and natural products diversity of the brown algae genus Sargassum. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24951-24972. [PMID: 35517468 PMCID: PMC9055232 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum (F. Sargassaceae) is an important seaweed excessively distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Rushdi
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- South Valley University
- Qena
- Egypt
| | | | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- South Valley University
- Qena
- Egypt
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- 61519 Minia
- Egypt
| | - Wedad M. Abdelraheem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Minia University
- 61519 Minia
- Egypt
| | - Hashem A. Madkour
- Department of Marine and Environmental Geology
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
- 84511 Hurghada
- Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
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40
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Li W, Hu X, Wang S, Jiao Z, Sun T, Liu T, Song K. Characterization and anti-tumor bioactivity of astragalus polysaccharides by immunomodulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:985-997. [PMID: 31669273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has attracted growing interests in the field of anti-cancer by direct killing effect and improving immune function. In this study, the structure and composition of APS was determined, following the evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of APS targeted macrophages and host immune system based on immunoregulated strategy. The results indicated that APS had no direct cytotoxicity against 4T1 cells, but APS mediated macrophages could significantly inhibit the growth of 4T1 cells by the induction of cell cycle arrest (G2 phase) and cell apoptosis. APS mediated macrophages promoted the apoptosis of 4T1 cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The in vivo findings demonstrated that APS could markedly improve the thymus index and spleen index, and restore the structure of the damaged thymus and spleen tissue. APS could significantly enhance the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and increase phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Furthermore, APS was capable of up-regulating the expression of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. APS combined with 5-FU could improve the anti-tumor effect accompanied by the immunosuppressive alleviation of 5-FU on immune system, which may be suitable as an immune adjuvant for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zeren Jiao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tongyi Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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41
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Review of isolation, structural properties, chain conformation, and bioactivities of psyllium polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:409-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Wang N, Zhang X, Wang S, Guo Q, Li Z, Liu H, Wang C. Structural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from white asparagus skin. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 227:115314. [PMID: 31590844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties, structural features and immunomodulatory effects of the white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin polysaccharides (WASP) were systematically studied. WASP showed a pectic-like structure with a relatively low degree of esterification (DE, 18%); the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and intrinsic viscosity were 76.1 kDa and 13 mL/g, respectively. Structurally, the dominated sugar residue of WASP was 4-α-D-GalpA (39.7 mol%), while other residues including α-L-Araf, 3-α-L-Rhap, 2,4-α-L-Rhap, and 4-β-D-Galp were also detected with a comparable amount. A proposed structure of WASP was also presented. Physiologically, WASP could modulate the immune response of RAW 264.7 macrophages through increasing the release of immune factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) and improving the expression of mRNA. To conclude, the pectic-like polysaccharides from white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin could be potentially used as an immunomodulatory agent in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Shaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Qingbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
| | - Changlu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P.R. China.
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43
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The activation of RAW264.7 murine macrophage and natural killer cells by glucomannogalactan polysaccharides from Tornabea scutellifera. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:368-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Tian W, Dai L, Lu S, Luo Z, Qiu Z, Li J, Li P, Du B. Effect of Bacillus sp. DU-106 fermentation on Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide: Structure and immunoregulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1034-1042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Manlusoc JKT, Hsieh CL, Hsieh CY, Salac ESN, Lee YT, Tsai PW. Pharmacologic Application Potentials of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Algae. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071163. [PMID: 31288474 PMCID: PMC6680640 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of exploration in finding new sources for treating different diseases, one possible natural source is from marine algae. Having an array of potential benefits, researchers are interested in the components which comprise one of these activities. This can lead to the isolation of active compounds with biological activities, such as antioxidation of free radicals, anti-inflammation, antiproliferation of cancer cells, and anticoagulant to name a few. One of the compounds that are isolated from marine algae are sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). SPs are complex heterogenous natural polymers with an abundance found in different species of marine algae. Marine algae are known to be one of the most important sources of SPs, and depending on the species, its chemical structure varies. This variety has important physical and chemical components and functions which has gained the attention of researchers as this contributes to the many facets of its pharmacologic activity. In this review, recent pharmacologic application potentials and updates on the use of SPs from marine algae are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Lun Hsieh
- Department of Athletics Sports, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Ellen San Nicolas Salac
- Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan.
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46
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Alboofetileh M, Rezaei M, Tabarsa M, You S, Mariatti F, Cravotto G. Subcritical water extraction as an efficient technique to isolate biologically-active fucoidans from Nizamuddinia zanardinii. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:244-253. [PMID: 30684576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) has been isolated from Nizamuddinia zanardinii using subcritical water extraction method (SCWE), and extraction conditions were optimised using the response surface methodology. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be: extraction time of 29 min, extraction temperature of 150 °C, and raw material-to-water ratio of 21 g/mL. The fucoidan yield under these optimum conditions was 25.98%, which was considerably higher than that of conventional solvent extraction (5.2%). Extraction time and temperature were the extraction variables that most significantly affected fucoidan yield. Chemical and monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and the antioxidant, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of the extract have also been investigated. The monosaccharide composition of fucoidan included fucose (34.13%), mannose (30.70%), galactose (23.19%), xylose (9.35%) and glucose (2.65%). The average molecular weight of the extracted fucoidan was 694 kDa. Antioxidant results revealed that SCWE-extracted fucoidan had appreciable ABTS radical scavenging (70.35%) and reducing power (0.182 Abs). The anticancer activity of fucoidan ranged from 24.60 to 49.46% for HeLa cells and from 23.95 to 46.78% for HepG2 cells. The NO production of RAW264.7 cells was observed to be dose-dependent, while maximum NO production was found to be 34.82 μmol at a 50 μg/mL fucoidan concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alboofetileh
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Mariatti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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47
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Alboofetileh M, Rezaei M, Tabarsa M, Rittà M, Donalisio M, Mariatti F, You S, Lembo D, Cravotto G. Effect of different non-conventional extraction methods on the antibacterial and antiviral activity of fucoidans extracted from Nizamuddinia zanardinii. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:131-137. [PMID: 30471396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, fucoidans from brown alga Nizamuddinia zanardinii were isolated with conventional and non-conventional extraction procedures to evaluate the effects of recently introduced technologies on biochemical characteristics and saccharide composition of the extracts, along with their antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic properties. The results demonstrated that subcritical water extraction showed the highest fucoidans yield (13.15%), while the lowest yield was obtained using ultrasound extraction method (3.6%). The polysaccharide chains consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, whose molar percentages differed according to the extraction method used. The weight mean average molecular weight of fucoidans varied between 444 and 1184 kDa. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of sulfate esters by bending vibration of COS and stretching vibration of SO peaks at 818 and 1250 cm-1, respectively. Antibacterial assays showed that microwave- and subcritical water-extracted fucoidans inhibited the growth of E.coli and that enzyme-ultrasound, ultrasound-microwave and subcritical water extracted fucoidans exhibited inhibitory effects against P. aeruginosa at 2 mg/mL. Antiviral studies revealed that all the extracted fucoidans exerted strong antiviral activity against HSV-2 infection, with EC50 values in the 0.027-0.123 μg/mL range; indeed the viscozyme-extracted macromolecules displayed the best selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alboofetileh
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Mariatti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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48
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Barbosa JDS, Costa MSSP, Melo LFMD, Medeiros MJCD, Pontes DDL, Scortecci KC, Rocha HAO. Caulerpa Cupressoides Var. Flabellata. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E105. [PMID: 30744130 PMCID: PMC6410129 DOI: 10.3390/md17020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Green seaweeds are rich sources of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) with potential biomedical and nutraceutical applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of SPs from the seaweed, Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. SPs were evaluated for their ability to modify cell viability and to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines. Additionally, their effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression was investigated. The results showed that SPs were not cytotoxic and were able to increase in the production of NO, ROS and the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). It was also observed that treatment with SPs increased iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. Together, these results indicate that C. cupressoides var. flabellata SPs have strong immunostimulatory activity, with potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), São Gonçalo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte, 59291-727, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciana Fentanes Moura De Melo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Jane Campos De Medeiros
- Laboratório de Química de Coordenação e Polímeros (LQCPol), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniel De Lima Pontes
- Laboratório de Química de Coordenação e Polímeros (LQCPol), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Katia Castanho Scortecci
- Laboratório de Transformação de Plantas e Análise em Microscopia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
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49
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Alboofetileh M, Rezaei M, Tabarsa M, You S. Bioactivities of Nizamuddinia zanardinii sulfated polysaccharides extracted by enzyme, ultrasound and enzyme-ultrasound methods. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1212-1220. [PMID: 30956301 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) was isolated from Nizamuddinia zanardinii by enzyme (alcalase), ultrasonic and enzyme-ultrasonic methods. The extracted fucoidans were assessed for their chemical compositions, molecular characteristics, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. Enzyme-ultrasonic isolated fucoidan showed the maximum extraction yield (7.87%) while that obtained by ultrasonic had the minimum value (3.6%). fucoidans were composed of different levels of carbohydrates (52.78-58.65%), proteins (6.98-8.91%), sulfates (21.78-29.6%) and uronic acids (0.42-1.08%). The weight mean average molecular weight of fucoidans varied between 443.7 and 1020.85 kDa. The polysaccharide chains were consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose. All the recovered fucoidans showed strong growth inhibition against HeLa and Hep-G2 cancer cells. The isolated fucoidans were non-toxic and considerably stimulated the macrophage cells to release nitric oxide. Enzyme extraction produced fucoidan with the most macrophage stimulation capacity (> 42 µmol). These results suggested that enzyme treatment preserved more sulfate groups in fucoidan structure influencing its anticancer and immunostimulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alboofetileh
- 1Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- 1Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- 1Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - SangGuan You
- 2Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Republic of Korea
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50
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Bahramzadeh S, Tabarsa M, You S, Li C, Bita S. Purification, structural analysis and mechanism of murine macrophage cell activation by sulfated polysaccharides from Cystoseira indica. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:261-270. [PMID: 30446103 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides were isolated and purified from the water extract of Cystoseira indica using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column to evaluate their structure and macrophage stimulating capacity. Crude and fractionated polysaccharides, CIF1 and CIF2, were mostly composed of neutral sugars (73.1%-78.6%) with relatively lower amounts of acidic sugars (1.3%-9.0%) and sulfate esters (6.9%-9.7%). The polymer chains of polysaccharides were mainly built of different levels of glucose (2.1%-30.8%), fucose (17.2%-24.4%), mannose (17.8%-20.6%) and galactose (16.7%-17.3%). The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharides varied between 573.1 × 103 g/mol to 1146.6 × 103 g/mol. The CIF2 polysaccharide, as the most immunostimulating polysaccharide, remarkably induced the release of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 from RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells through NF-κB and PAMKs transduction signaling pathways via cell surface TLR4. The interconnections of sugars in CIF2 polysaccharide were complex with (1→3)-fucopyranose, (1→2,3,4)-glucopyranose, (→1)-galactopyranose, (→1)-xylopyranose, (1→2)-rhamnopyranose and (1→2,3)-mannopyranose units being the most predominant residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Bahramzadeh
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea.
| | - Changsheng Li
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, South Korea
| | - Seraj Bita
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
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