Expression and Purification of Quinine Dihydro Pteridine Reductase from astrocytes and its significance in the astrocyte pathology

Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to cerebral ischaemia in young rats based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database

BACKGROUND

The incidence rate of cerebral infarction in young people is increasing day by day, the age of onset tends to be younger, and its internal pathogenesis and mechanism are very complicated, which leads to greater difficulties in treatment. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the key pathway that affects the onset of cerebral infarction in young people from the perspective of genetics.

AIM

To compare the differentially expressed genes in the brain tissue of young and aged rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and to analyse their effect on the key signalling pathway involved in the development of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.

METHODS

The Gene Expression Omnibus 2R online analysis tool was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes in the GSE166162 dataset regarding the development of cerebral ischaemia in young and aged groups of rats. DAVID 6.8 software was further used to filter the differentially expressed genes. These genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to determine the key gene pathway that affects the occurrence of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.

RESULTS

Thirty-five differentially expressed genes (such as Igf2, Col1a2, and Sfrp1) were obtained; 73 GO enrichment analysis pathways are mainly involved in biological processes such as drug response, amino acid stimulation response, blood vessel development, various signalling pathways, and enzyme regulation. They are involved in molecular functions such as drug binding, protein binding, dopamine binding, metal ion binding, and dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed a significantly enriched pathway: The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) signalling pathway.

CONCLUSION

The c-AMP signalling pathway might be the key pathway in the intervention of cerebral infarction in young people.

Genome-wide selective detection of Mile red-bone goat using next-generation sequencing technology

The ecotype population of goats (Capra hircus) was created by long-term artificial selection and natural adaptation. Mile red-bone goat is an indigenous breed with visible red bones, and its special bone structure has received extensive attention. This study aimed to identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with specific bone phenotypes using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). The results revealed that 31,828,206 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from 72 goats (20 Mile red-bone goats and 52 common goats) by NGS. A total of 100 candidate genes were identified on the basis top 1% window interaction from nucleotide diversity (π), π ratio (π A/π B), and pairwise fixation index (F ST). Exactly 77 known signaling pathways were enriched. Specifically, three coding genes (NMNAT2, LOC102172983, and PNLIP) were annotated in the vitamin metabolism signaling pathways, and NCF2 was annotated to the osteoclast (OC) differentiation pathway. Furthermore, 5862 reliable copy number variations (CNVs) were obtained, and 14 and 24 genes were annotated with the top 1‰ CNV based on F ST (>0.490) and V ST (>0.527), respectively. Several pathways related to bone development and metabolism of exogenous substances in vivo, including calcium signaling pathway, OC differentiation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were annotated. Specifically, six genes from 19 candidate CNVs, which were obtained by interaction of the top 1‰ CNVs with F ST and V ST, were annotated to mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Briefly, the results implied that pseudopurpurin and specific genetic variants work together to contribute to the red-bone color and specific bone structure of Mile red-bone goat. This study is helpful to understanding the genetic basis of the unique bone phenotype of Mile red-bone goats.