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Cross-linked lipase particles with improved activity; application of a non-toxic linker for cross-linking. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Iraninasab S, Sharifian S, Homaei A, Homaee MB, Sharma T, Nadda AK, Kennedy JF, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Emerging trends in environmental and industrial applications of marine carbonic anhydrase: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:431-451. [PMID: 34821989 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into commercial products is one of the promising key approaches to solve the problem of climate change. Microbial enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase, NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and methane monooxygenase, have been exploited to convert atmospheric gases into industrial products. Carbonic anhydrases are Zn2+-dependent metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate. They are widespread in bacteria, algae, plants, and higher organisms. In higher organisms, they regulate the physiological pH and contribute to CO2 transport in the blood. In plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria carbonic anhydrases are involved in photosynthesis. Converting CO2 into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases can solidify gaseous CO2, thereby reducing global warming due to the burning of fossil fuels. This review discusses the three-dimensional structures of carbonic anhydrases, their physiological role in marine life, their catalytic mechanism, the types of inhibitors, and their medicine and industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Iraninasab
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, The Kyrewood Centre, Tenbury Wells, Worcs, WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
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Oliart-Ros RM, Badillo-Zeferino GL, Quintana-Castro R, Ruíz-López II, Alexander-Aguilera A, Domínguez-Chávez JG, Khan AA, Nguyen DD, Nadda AK, Sánchez-Otero MG. Production and Characterization of Cross-Linked Aggregates of Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11 Thermoalkaliphilic Recombinant Lipase. Molecules 2021; 26:7569. [PMID: 34946651 PMCID: PMC8708040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes has many advantages for their application in biotechnological processes. In particular, the cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) allow the production of solid biocatalysts with a high enzymatic loading and the advantage of obtaining derivatives with high stability at low cost. The purpose of this study was to produce cross-linked enzymatic aggregates (CLEAs) of LipMatCCR11, a 43 kDa recombinant solvent-tolerant thermoalkaliphilic lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans CCR11. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs were prepared using (NH4)2SO4 (40% w/v) as precipitant agent and glutaraldehyde (40 mM) as cross-linker, at pH 9, 20 °C. A U10(56) uniform design was used to optimize CLEA production, varying protein concentration, ammonium sulfate %, pH, glutaraldehyde concentration, temperature, and incubation time. The synthesized CLEAs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that showed individual particles of <1 µm grouped to form a superstructure. The cross-linked aggregates showed a maximum mass activity of 7750 U/g at 40 °C and pH 8 and retained more than 20% activity at 100 °C. Greater thermostability, resistance to alkaline conditions and the presence of organic solvents, and better durability during storage were observed for LipMatCCR11-CLEAs in comparison with the soluble enzyme. LipMatCCR11-CLEAs presented good reusability by conserving 40% of their initial activity after 9 cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-María Oliart-Ros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Giselle-Lilian Badillo-Zeferino
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. De Quevedo 2779, Veracruz C.P. 91897, Ver., Mexico; (R.-M.O.-R.); (G.-L.B.-Z.)
| | - Rodolfo Quintana-Castro
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Irving-Israel Ruíz-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue., Mexico;
| | - Alfonso Alexander-Aguilera
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Jorge-Guillermo Domínguez-Chávez
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - María-Guadalupe Sánchez-Otero
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Carmen Serdán Esq. Iturbide, Veracruz C.P. 91700, Ver., Mexico; (R.Q.-C.); (A.A.-A.); (J.-G.D.-C.)
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Abstract
The market for industrial enzymes has witnessed constant growth, which is currently around 7% a year, projected to reach $10.5 billion in 2024. Lipases are hydrolase enzymes naturally responsible for triglyceride hydrolysis. They are the most expansively used industrial biocatalysts, with wide application in a broad range of industries. However, these biocatalytic processes are usually limited by the low stability of the enzyme, the half-life time, and the processes required to solve these problems are complex and lack application feasibility at the industrial scale. Emerging technologies create new materials for enzyme carriers and sophisticate the well-known immobilization principles to produce more robust, eco-friendlier, and cheaper biocatalysts. Therefore, this review discusses the trending studies and industrial applications of the materials and protocols for lipase immobilization, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and potential alternatives for lipases at the industrial level.
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Cerón AA, Nascife L, Norte S, Costa SA, Oliveira do Nascimento JH, Morisso FDP, Baruque-Ramos J, Oliveira RC, Costa SM. Synthesis of chitosan-lysozyme microspheres, physicochemical characterization, enzymatic and antimicrobial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:572-581. [PMID: 34216659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microspheres (CMS) by the emulsion-chemical cross-linking method with and without lysozyme immobilization were synthesized and characterized. The technique conditions were adjusted, and spherical particles with approximate diameters of 3.74 ± 1.08 μm and 0. 29 ± 0.029 μm to CMS and chitosan-lysozyme microspheres (C-LMS), respectively, were obtained. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential. Particle size was identified by laser light scattering (DLS) and the thermal properties by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA) were determined. By the lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, the activity of the microspheres was determined, and the results correlated with the amount of lysozyme used in the immobilization process and the enzyme loading efficiency was 67%. Finally, release tests pointed out the amount of enzyme immobilized on the microsphere surface. These results showed that chitosan microspheres could be used as material for lysozyme immobilization by cross-linking technique. The antimicrobial activity was tested by inhibition percent determination, and it evidenced both chitosan microspheres (CMS) and chitosan-lysozyme microspheres (C-LMS) positive antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A Cerón
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Lorrane Nascife
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel Norte
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, University Federal of São Carlos, Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, Araras, SP 13600-97, Brazil
| | - Silgia A Costa
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlia Baruque-Ramos
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Oliveira
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Sirlene M Costa
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Textile and Fashion Course, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
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Yang Z, Sun J, Li Z, Qi Y, Wang P, Xu X. Robustness of protein: Using pH shifting and low speed shearing to partially recover conformation and dispersibility of myosin from pale, soft, exudative (PSE)-like chicken breast. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Effect of cross-linked enzyme aggregate strategy on characterization of sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1925-1941. [PMID: 33559718 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (EXANL1) has important potential applications. The cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) of purified EXANL1 (CLEA-EXANL1) achieved optimum activity recovery (148.5 ± 0.9%), immobilization yield (100 ± 0%), and recovered activity (99.7 ± 0.6%) with 80% tert-butanol as the precipitant, glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration of 30 mM, GA treatment time of 1.5 h, and centrifugal speed of 6000×g. The effect of CLEA strategy on the characterization of EXANL1 was evaluated in this work. CLEA-EXANL1 exhibited a broader optimum pH range (4-6) compared with free EXANL1 (6.5). CLEA-EXANL1 presented optimum activity at 40 °C, which was 5 °C higher than that of free EXANL1. CLEA strategy decreased the maximum reaction rate and increased the Michaelis-Menten constant of EXANL1 when olive oil emulsion was used as a substrate. Moreover, after 30 days, free EXANL1 lost more than 80.0% of its activity, whereas CLEA-EXANL1 retained more than 90.0% of its activity. CLEA strategy improved the tolerance of EXANL1 in polar organic solvents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the CLEA technique increased the contents of β-sheets and β-turns in EXANL1 and reduced those of α-helixes and irregular crimps. CLEA strategy caused no change in the sn-1,3 selectivity of EXANL1. Therefore, EXANL1 in the form of CLEA is a valuable catalyst in the synthesis of 1,3-diacylglycerol. KEY POINTS: • Cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) strategy broadened the optimum pH range of sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (EXANL1). • CLEA strategy improved the tolerance of EXANL1 in polar organic solvents. • CLEA strategy caused no change in the positional selectivity of EXANL1.
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Khankari S, Badoei-Dalfard A, Karami Z. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates of Fibrinolytic Protease BC1 Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles (CLEAs-Fib-mChi): Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2004-2027. [PMID: 33538961 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic proteases achieved more attention in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so purification, characterization, and activity enhancement are of prime importance. In this study, a fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease was purified from the culture supernatant from Bacillus sp. BC1. It was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure with a 24-fold increase in specific activity and a 33.1% yield. It showed 28 kDa molecular weight, while its optimal pH and temperature were obtained 8 and 50-60 °C. The cross-link enzyme aggregates of this fibrinolytic BC1 successfully immobilized on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. A 52% activity enhancement was obtained by immobilized enzyme at pH 6.0, compared to free protease. Km values of the free and immobilized proteases were obtained about 0.638 and 0.61 mg/ml, respectively. The free and immobilized enzymes did not show any activity concerning transferrin, γ-globulins, and hemoglobin, as blood plasma proteins. The in vitro blood clot lysis test of the free and immobilized proteases showed a maximum of 42 and 50% clot lysis, which was comparatively higher than that revealed by streptokinase and heparin at the same condition. These results indicated that the free and immobilized proteases have the potential to be effective fibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Khankari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Gupta MN, Perwez M, Sardar M. Protein crosslinking: Uses in chemistry, biology and biotechnology. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1733990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Kannan S, Marudhamuthu M. Development of chitin cross-linked enzyme aggregates of L-methioninase for upgraded activity, permanence and application as efficient therapeutic formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:218-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Verma R, Kumar A, Kumar S. Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of thermostable xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans X1. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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