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Demkiv O, Gayda G, Stasyuk N, Moroz A, Serkiz R, Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Gonchar M, Nisnevitch M. Flavocytochrome b2-Mediated Electroactive Nanoparticles for Developing Amperometric L-Lactate Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:587. [PMID: 37366952 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
L-Lactate is an indicator of food quality, so its monitoring is essential. Enzymes of L-Lactate metabolism are promising tools for this aim. We describe here some highly sensitive biosensors for L-Lactate determination which were developed using flavocytochrome b2 (Fcb2) as a bio-recognition element, and electroactive nanoparticles (NPs) for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme was isolated from cells of the thermotolerant yeast Ogataea polymorpha. The possibility of direct electron transfer from the reduced form of Fcb2 to graphite electrodes has been confirmed, and the amplification of the electrochemical communication between the immobilized Fcb2 and the electrode surface was demonstrated to be achieved using redox nanomediators, both bound and freely diffusing. The fabricated biosensors exhibited high sensitivity (up to 1436 A·M-1·m-2), fast responses, and low limits of detection. One of the most effective biosensors, which contained co-immobilized Fcb2 and the hexacyanoferrate of gold, having a sensitivity of 253 A·M-1·m-2 without freely diffusing redox mediators, was used for L-Lactate analysis in samples of yogurts. A high correlation was observed between the values of analyte content determined using the biosensor and referenced enzymatic-chemical photometric methods. The developed biosensors based on Fcb2-mediated electroactive nanoparticles can be promising for applications in laboratories of food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Demkiv
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Stasyuk
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Moroz
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Serkiz
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ICB NASU), 14/16, Dragomanova Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Kyriat-ha-Mada, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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García-Guzmán JJ, Sierra-Padilla A, Palacios-Santander JM, Fernández-Alba JJ, Macías CG, Cubillana-Aguilera L. What Is Left for Real-Life Lactate Monitoring? Current Advances in Electrochemical Lactate (Bio)Sensors for Agrifood and Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:919. [PMID: 36354428 PMCID: PMC9688009 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of lactate is spreading from the evident clinical environment, where its role as a biomarker is notorious, to the agrifood ambit as well. In the former, lactate concentration can serve as a useful indicator of several diseases (e.g., tumour development and lactic acidosis) and a relevant value in sports performance for athletes, among others. In the latter, the spotlight is placed on the food control, bringing to the table meaningful information such as decaying product detection and stress monitoring of species. No matter what purpose is involved, electrochemical (bio)sensors stand as a solid and suitable choice. However, for the time being, this statement seems to be true only for discrete measurements. The reality exposes that real and continuous lactate monitoring is still a troublesome goal. In this review, a critical overview of electrochemical lactate (bio)sensors for clinical and agrifood situations is performed. Additionally, the transduction possibilities and different sensor designs approaches are also discussed. The main aim is to reflect the current state of the art and to indicate relevant advances (and bottlenecks) to keep in mind for further development and the final achievement of this highly worthy objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José García-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario ‘Puerta del Mar’, Universidad de Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sierra-Padilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - José María Palacios-Santander
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Fernández-Alba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen González Macías
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Laura Cubillana-Aguilera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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3
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Alba-Patiño A, Vaquer A, Barón E, Russell SM, Borges M, de la Rica R. Micro- and nanosensors for detecting blood pathogens and biomarkers at different points of sepsis care. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:74. [PMID: 35080669 PMCID: PMC8790942 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe infections can cause a dysregulated response leading to organ dysfunction known as sepsis. Sepsis can be lethal if not identified and treated right away. This requires measuring biomarkers and pathogens rapidly at the different points where sepsis care is provided. Current commercial approaches for sepsis diagnosis are not fast, sensitive, and/or specific enough for meeting this medical challenge. In this article, we review recent advances in the development of diagnostic tools for sepsis management based on micro- and nanostructured materials. We start with a brief introduction to the most popular biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis (lactate, procalcitonin, cytokines, C-reactive protein, and other emerging protein and non-protein biomarkers including miRNAs and cell-based assays) and methods for detecting bacteremia. We then highlight the role of nano- and microstructured materials in developing biosensors for detecting them taking into consideration the particular needs of every point of sepsis care (e.g., ultrafast detection of multiple protein biomarkers for diagnosing in triage, emergency room, ward, and intensive care unit; quantitative detection to de-escalate treatment; ultrasensitive and culture-independent detection of blood pathogens for personalized antimicrobial therapies; robust, portable, and web-connected biomarker tests outside the hospital). We conclude with an overview of the most utilized nano- and microstructured materials used thus far for solving issues related to sepsis diagnosis and point to new challenges for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Alba-Patiño
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Vaquer
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Barón
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
| | - Steven M Russell
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Marcio Borges
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Unit, ICU, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
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An improved amperometric determination of xanthine with xanthine oxidase nanoparticles for testing of fish meat freshness. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Selective Nonenzymatic Amperometric Detection of Lactic Acid in Human Sweat Utilizing a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)-Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanowire. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090111. [PMID: 32872302 PMCID: PMC7559985 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid plays an important role as a biochemical indicator for sports medicine and clinical diagnosis. The detection of lactic acid in sweat is a promising technique without any intrusive inconvenience or risk of infection. In this study, we present a selective nonenzymatic amperometric detection method for lactic acid in human sweat utilizing a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-polypyrrole core-shell nanowire. Because polypyrrole is a p-type conducting polymer, onto which anions are exclusively doped, leading to charge transfer, it offers selective detection for lactate anions at a specific potential, while being inert to the neutral and cationic species contained in human sweat. A chronoamperometric study reveals good sensing performance for lactic acid with a high sensitivity of 2.9 μA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 51 μM. Furthermore, the MWCNT-polypyrrole nanowire exhibits excellent selectivity for lactic acid over interfering species, such as sodium chloride, glucose, urea, and riboflavin, which coexist with lactic acid in sweat. Finally, a nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for the selective detection of lactic acid in human sweat is demonstrated on commercial flexible electrodes. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the MWCNT-polypyrrole core-shell nanowire as a nonenzymatic amperometric lactate sensor.
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Nohwal B, Chaudhary R, Kumar P, Pundir C. Fabrication and application of an amperometric lysine biosensor based on covalently immobilized lysine oxidase nanoparticles onto Au electrode. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:907-915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang K, Du L, Wei Q, Zhang J, Zhang G, Xing W, Sun S. A Lactate/Oxygen Biofuel Cell: The Coupled Lactate Oxidase Anode and PGM-Free Fe-N-C Cathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42744-42750. [PMID: 31638769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of both wearable and implantable biofuel cells has triggered more and more attention on the lactate biofuel cell. The novel lactate/oxygen biofuel cell (L/O-BFC) with the direct electron transfer (DET)-type lactate oxidase (LOx) anode and the platinum group metal (PGM)-free Fe-N-C cathode is designed and constructed in this paper. In such a reasonable design, the surface-controlled direct two-electron electrochemical reaction of the lactate oxidase was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) on the carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrode with favorable high electrochemical active surface area and electronic conductivity. Additionally, the biosensor based on DET-type LOx modified electrode impressively presented linear response to lactate with different concentrations from 0.000 mM to 12.300 mM. In particular, the apparent Michealis-constant (KMapp) calculated as 0.140 mM clearly indicates that LOx on CNT has strong affinity to the substrate lactate. Meanwhile, 4e- transfer oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was proven to take place on the Fe-N-C catalysts inthe 0.1 M PBS system, indicating the advantage by using the Fe-N-C catalysts at the cathode of L/O-BFC. Last but not least, the L/O-BFC with the direct electron transfer (DET)-type lactate oxidase(LOx) anode and the Fe-N-C cathode produced an superior open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.264 V and a maximum output power density (OPD) of 24.430 μW cm-2 in O2 saturated 95.020 mM lactate solution. The above results will not only bring about significant interest in developing a DET-type biofuel cell, but also offer guiding direction to explore novel catalyst materials for the biofuel cell. This work enriches the research content and may push developments of the implantable and wearable biofuel cell forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Department of Applied Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Technology , 130021 , Changchun , China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
| | - Lei Du
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
| | - Qiliang Wei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
| | - Jihai Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
| | - Gaixia Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
| | - Wei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 130022 Changchun , China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-ÉnergieMatériaux et Télécommunications , Varennes , Québec J3 × 1S2 , Canada
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8
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Xie J, Cheng C, Jie Y, Ma H, Feng J, Su Y, Deng Y, Xu H, Guo Z. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase is induced during hypoxia via HIF-1 in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108563. [PMID: 31276813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme involved in anaerobic metabolism in most organisms. In the present study, we determined the structure and function of LDH sequence in Scylla paramamosain (SpLDH) by gene cloning, expression and RNA interference techniques in order to explore the genetic characteristics of LDH and its relationship with HIF-1 during hypoxia. The full-length cDNA was 1453 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 996 bp, and encoded a polypeptide of 332 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the SpLDH gene is highly similar to arthropods. The SpLDH transcript increased after hypoxia in all tested tissues. The silencing of HIF-1 blocked the increase in LDH mRNA and activity, which were induced by hypoxia in gill and muscle tissues. Our results indicated that SpLDH expression was regulated transcriptionally by HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201206, PR China
| | - Changhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yukun Jie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201206, PR China
| | - Hongling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Youlu Su
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Yiqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Haidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201206, PR China.
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Kumar P, Kamboj M, Jaiwal R, Pundir CS. Fabrication of an improved amperometric creatinine biosensor based on enzymes nanoparticles bound to Au electrode. Biomarkers 2019; 24:739-749. [PMID: 31617777 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1682045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An improved amperometric creatinine biosensor was fabricated that dependent on covalent immobilisation of nanoparticles of creatininase (CANPs), creatinase (CINPs) and sarcosine oxidase (SOxNPs) onto gold electrode (AuE). The CANPs/CINPs/SOxNPs/AuE was characterised by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry at various stages. The working electrode exhibited optimal response within 2 s at a potential of 0.6 V, against Ag/AgCl, pH 6.5 and 30 °C. A linear relationship was observed between creatinine concentration range, 0.1-200μM and biosensor response i.e. current in mA, under optimum conditions. Biosensor offered a low detection limit of 0.1 μM with long storage stability. Analytical recoveries of added creatinine in blood sera at 0.5 mM and at 1.0 mM concentrations, were 92.0% and 79.20% respectively. The precision i.e. within and between-batch coefficients of variation were 2.04% and 3.06% respectively. There was a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) between level of creatinine in sera, as calculated by the colorimetric method and present electrode. The CANPs/CINPs/SOxNPs/Au electrode was reused 200 times during the period of 180 days, with just 10% loss in its initial activity, while being stored at 4 °C, when not in use.HighlightsPrepared and characterised creatininase (CA), creatinase (CI) sarcosine oxidase (SOx) nanoparticles and immobilised them onto gold electrode (AuE) for fabrication of an improved amperometric creatinine biosensor.The biosensor displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μM with a linear working range of 0.1 μM-200 μM.The biosensor was evaluated and applied to measure elevated creatinine levels in sera from whom suffering from kidney and muscular disorders.The working electrode retained 90% of its initial activity, while being stored dry at 4 ˚C for 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mohit Kamboj
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
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Neelam, Chhillar AK, Rana JS. Enzyme nanoparticles and their biosensing applications: A review. Anal Biochem 2019; 581:113345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Construction and application of amperometric sarcosine biosensor based on SOxNPs/AuE for determination of prostate cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 122:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pundir C, Lata S, Narwal V. Biosensors for determination of D and L- amino acids: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:373-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Fabrication of glycerol biosensor based on co-immobilization of enzyme nanoparticles onto pencil graphite electrode. Anal Biochem 2018; 555:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Fabrication of an electrochemical H 2 O 2 biosensor based on immobilization of hemoglobin nanoparticles onto pencil graphite electrode. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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