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Malunavicius V, Vaskevicius L, Gusaite A, Gudiukaite R. Rational and random mutagenesis of GDEst-95 carboxylesterase: New functionality insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128331. [PMID: 38013084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes are important contributors in industrial processes from lipid hydrolysis to biofuel production or even polyester biodegradation. While these enzymes can be used in numerous applications, the genotype-phenotype space of certain promising enzymes is still poorly explored. This limits the effective application of such biocatalysts. In this work the genotype space of a 55 kDa carboxylesterase GDEst-95 from Geobacillus sp. 95 was explored using site-directed mutagenesis and directed evolution methods. In this study four site-directed mutants (Gly108Arg, Ala410Arg, Leu226Arg, Leu411Ala) were created based on previous analysis of GDEst-95 carboxylesterase. Error-prone PCR resulted three mutants: two of them with distal mutations: GDEst-RM1 (Arg75Gln), GDEst-RM2 (Gly20Ser Arg75Gln) and the third, GDEst-RM3, with a distal (Ser210Gly) and Tyr317Ala (amino acid position near to the active site) mutation. Mutants with Ala substitution displayed approximately twofold higher specific activity. Arg mutations lead a reduced specific activity, retaining 2.86 % (Gly108Arg), 10.95 % (Ala410Arg), and 44.23 % (Leu226Arg) of lipolytic activity. All three random mutants displayed increased specific activity as well as improved catalytic properties. This research provides the first deeper insights into the functionality of understudied Geobacillus spp. carboxylesterases with 55 kDa in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilius Malunavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Vaskevicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ausrine Gusaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Cekuolyte K, Gudiukaite R, Klimkevicius V, Mazrimaite V, Maneikis A, Lastauskiene E. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Produced Using Geobacillus spp. Bacteria. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040702. [PMID: 36839070 PMCID: PMC9965977 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their unique physical and chemical properties, which can be incorporated into a wide range of applications. The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds promoted the use of AgNPs in antimicrobial therapy. AgNPs can be obtained using physical and chemical methods, but these technologies are highly unfriendly to nature and produce large amounts of side compounds (for example, sodium borohydride and N,N-dimethylformamide). Therefore, alternative technologies are required for obtaining AgNPs. This report focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of Ag+ with the cell-free secretomes of four Geobacillus bacterial strains, namely, 18, 25, 95, and 612. Only a few studies that involved Geobacillus bacteria in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including AgNPs, have been reported to date. The silver nanoparticles synthesized through bio-based methods were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorbance peak at 410-425 nm, indicative of AgNPs. SEM analysis confirmed that most nanoparticles were spherical. DLS analysis showed that the sizes of the obtained AgNPs were widely distributed, with the majority less than 100 nm in diameter, while the zeta potential values ranged from -25.7 to -31.3 mV and depended on the Geobacillus spp. strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotryna Cekuolyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidas Klimkevicius
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Veronika Mazrimaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Maneikis
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekis Avenue 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Lastauskiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abol-Fotouh D, AlHagar OEA, Hassan MA. Optimization, purification, and biochemical characterization of thermoalkaliphilic lipase from a novel Geobacillus stearothermophilus FMR12 for detergent formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:125-135. [PMID: 33766593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to produce a high compatible thermoalkaliphilic lipase (TA) with detergents from new thermophilic bacterial strains utilizing fish wastes for industrial application. Among bacterial isolates, a new Geobacillus stearothermophilus FMR12 efficiently utilized fish wastes at a concentration of 20% (w/v), exhibiting highly lipolytic activity at extreme thermal and alkaline pH conditions. Optimized fermentation parameters of TA lipase production were ascertained, promoting the productivity of the TA lipase from 424 to 1038 U/ml. Purification results of TA lipase exposed prominent specific activity of 4788 U/mg, purification fold of 12.44, and 7.8% yield. The purified TA lipase demonstrated outstanding activity and stability in a temperature range of 40-95 °C and pH (4-11), revealing optimal activity at 70 °C and pH 9. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 63 kDa. Compared to control, the TA lipase activity was promoted in the presence of calcium chloride. Likewise, Triton X-100 enhanced the activity of the TA lipase, recording 128% of the control enzyme. Interestingly, the TA lipase conserved higher than 90% of its activity after blending with commercial detergents, emphasizing its competence for detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa Abol-Fotouh
- Electronic Materials Researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ola E A AlHagar
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Bio-specific immobilization of enzymes on electrospun PHB nanofibers. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 145:109749. [PMID: 33750539 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization provides substantial advantages in terms of improving the efficiency of enzymatic process as well as enhancing the reusability of enzymes. Phasins (PhaPs) are naturally occurring polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-binding proteins, and thus can potentially be used as a fusion partner for oriented immobilization of enzymes onto PHA supports. However, presently available granular PHA supports have low surface-area-to-volume ratio and limited configurational flexibility of enzymatic reactions. In this study, we explored the use of electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanofibers as an alternative support for high density immobilization of a PhaP-fused lipase. As envisioned, the electrospun PHB nanofibers could anchor 120-fold more enzyme than PHB granules of the same weight. Furthermore, the enzymes immobilized onto the PHB nanofibers exhibited markedly higher stability and activity compared to when immobilized on conventional immobilization supports. Our approach combines the advantageous features of nanofibrous material and specificity of biomolecular interaction for the efficient use of enzymes, which can be widely adopted in the development of various enzymatic processes.
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Savickaite A, Sadauskas M, Gudiukaite R. Immobilized GDEst-95, GDEst-lip and GD-95RM lipolytic enzymes for continuous flow hydrolysis and transesterification reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:421-434. [PMID: 33493559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study lipolytic biocatalysts GD-95RM, GDEst-95 and GDEst-lip were immobilized by encapsulation in calcium alginate beads. All three immobilized biocatalysts demonstrated significantly increased thermal stability at 60-70 °C temperatures and the activity of GD-95RM lipase increased by 50% at 70-80 °C following the immobilization. Moreover, encapsulated GDEst-95 esterase retained higher than 50% lipolytic activity after 3 months of incubation with butanol (25%) and ethanol (50%); GDEst-lip enzyme possessed 50% activity after 2 months of treatment with ethanol (25%) and methanol (25%); and GD-95RM lipase displayed higher that 50% activity after two-week incubation with methanol (50%). All three immobilized enzymes displayed long-term storage capability (>50% activity) at least until 3 months at 4 °C. It was also detected that immobilized GD-95RM and GDEst-lip can perform flow hydrolysis of both avocado oil and p-NP dodecanoate in prototype packed-bed column reactor. The analysis of continuous transesterification of avocado or sunflower oil with ethanol or methanol as substrates confirmed that encapsulated GD-95RM and GDEst-lip enzymes is a useful approach to produce fatty acid alkyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Savickaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Sadauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Savickaite A, Druteika G, Sadauskas M, Malunavicius V, Lastauskiene E, Gudiukaite R. Study of individual domains' functionality in fused lipolytic biocatalysts based on Geobacillus lipases and esterases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:261-271. [PMID: 33301847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prospects of industrial uses of microbial enzymes have increased greatly during the 21st century. Fused lipolytic enzymes (where one or both fused domains possess lipolytic activity) is a rapidly growing group of industrial biocatalysts. However, the most effective fusion strategy, catalytic behavior of each domain and influence of added linkers on physicochemical and kinetic characteristics of such biocatalysts has not been yet explored. In this study the functionality of individual domains in fused lipolytic enzymes, while using GDEst-lip, GDLip-lip and GDEst-est enzymes as a model system, is analyzed for the first time. Analysis of mutant GDEst-lip, GDLip-lip and GDEst-est variants, where one domain is inactive, showed that both domains retained their activity, although the reduction in specific activity of individual domains has been detected. Moreover, experimental data proposed that the N-terminal domain mostly influenced the thermostability, while the C-terminal domain was responsible for thermal activity. GDEst-lip variants fused by using rigid (EAAELAAE) and flexible (GGSELSGG) linkers indicated that a unique restriction site or a rigid linker is the most preferable fusion strategy to develop new chimeric biocatalysts with domains of Geobacillus lipolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Savickaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gytis Druteika
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Sadauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Malunavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egle Lastauskiene
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Development of a new Geobacillus lipase variant GDlip43 via directed evolution leading to identification of new activity-regulating amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1194-1204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Druteika G, Sadauskas M, Malunavicius V, Lastauskiene E, Statkeviciute R, Savickaite A, Gudiukaite R. New engineered Geobacillus lipase GD-95RM for industry focusing on the cleaner production of fatty esters and household washing product formulations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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