1
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Wang R, Shan H, Zhang G, Li Q, Wang J, Yan Q, Li E, Diao Y, Wei L. An inulin-type fructan (AMP1-1) from Atractylodes macrocephala with anti-weightlessness bone loss activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Feng Y, Li D, Ma C, Tian M, Hu X, Chen F. Barley Leaf Ameliorates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis through Preventive Effects. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183833. [PMID: 36145206 PMCID: PMC9502111 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been increasing globally and progressively in recent decades. Barley leaf (BL) is a nutritional supplement that is shown to have health-promoting effects on intestinal homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that BL could significantly attenuate Citrobacter rodentium (CR)-induced colitis, but whether it exerts a prophylactic or therapeutic effect remains elusive. In this study, we supplemented BL before or during CR infestation to investigate which way BL acts. The results showed that BL supplementation prior to infection significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI) score, weight loss, colon shortening, colonic wall swelling, and transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. It significantly reduced the amount of CR in the feces and also markedly inhibited the extraintestinal transmission of CR. Meanwhile, it significantly reduced the levels and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin-1β (IL1β). In addition, pretreatment with BL improved CR-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing the content of Proteobacteria, while increasing the content of Lactobacillus. In contrast, the effect of BL supplementation during infestation on the improvement of CR-induced colitis was not as good as that of pretreatment with BL. In conclusion, BL protects against CR-caused colitis in a preventive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737645 (ext. 18)
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3
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In vitro simulated digestion affecting physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses at different growth stages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:876-885. [PMID: 35963349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three polysaccharides (BGPs: BGPs-Z21, BGPs-Z23, and BGPs-Z31) were successively extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses (BG) at different growth stages, including seedling (Z21), tillering (Z23), and stem elongation (Z31). The effects of in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of BGPs were investigated and compared. Results showed that the simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion had considerable influences on reducing sugar content, chemical components, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of BGPs but hardly affected their preliminarily structural characteristics. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of BGPs were weakened after the simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, but their bile acid-binding capacities were remarkably enhanced. The digested BGPs-Z31 by gastric juice possessed better antioxidant benefit, and bile acid-binding capacity (80.33 %) than other digested products. Overall, these results indicated that BGPs obtained from BG are valuable for functional foods as promising bioactive ingredients.
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4
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Okagu IU, Aham EC, Ezeorba TPC, Ndefo JC, Aguchem RN, Udenigwe CC. Osteo‐modulatory dietary proteins and peptides: A concise review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14365. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Chigozie Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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5
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Yu Y, Li T, Wang X, Zhang M, Yu Q, Chen H, Zhang D, Yan C. Structural characterization and anti-osteoporosis activity of two polysaccharides extracted from the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides. Food Funct 2022; 13:6749-6761. [PMID: 35661847 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curculigo orchioides is widely used to treat osteoporosis in China. In this study, we identified the active substances in the crude polysaccharide (CO50) from C. orchioides that had anti-osteoporosis activity in vivo. Two polysaccharides, COP50-1 and COP50-4, were purified from CO50. Based on structural analysis, COP50-1 was composed of α-D-Glcp-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Manp-(1→, whereas COP50-4 was composed of α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, β-D-Manp-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1→, →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →2)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcAp-(1→, →3)-α-D-GalAp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →2,3,6)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →2,3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→. Pharmacological assessment revealed that COP50-1 had no obvious osteogenic activity. However, COP50-4 (0.5 μM) significantly enhanced the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. Moreover, the effect of COP50-4 was greater than that of 17β-estradiol. Therefore, COP50-4 may be an effective component of CO50 that has great potential for development as an alternative drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mengliu Zhang
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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6
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Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass at different growth stages. Food Chem 2022; 389:133083. [PMID: 35487082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Barley grass polysaccharides (BGPs) are some of the major bioactive constituents of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass (BG). They exhibit favorable biological activities and health benefits. In this study, seven BGPs were extracted from BG, which was harvested at three different growth stages (e.g., seedling, tillering, and stem elongation), by alkaline-extraction method. Their physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated that the extraction yields, chemical compositions, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of the seven BGPs obtained at different growth stages varied obviously. These BGPs had similar preliminary structural characteristics but different microstructures and thermal properties. Furthermore, the BGPs (BGP-Z12 and BGP-Z21) obtained at the seedling stage possessed stronger in vitro antioxidant potentials, cholic acid binding activity, and immunological activity than other BGPs. Therefore, these results indicated that that the seedling stage of BG was the preferable harvest time for preparing highly bioactive BGPs.
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7
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Zhao Z, Nian M, Lv H, Yue J, Qiao H, Yang X, Zheng X. Advances in Anti-Osteoporosis Polysaccharides Derived from Medicinal Herbs and Other Edible Substances. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:441-470. [PMID: 35021963 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, and treatment is required for the prevention of low bone mass, deterioration of microstructural bone tissue, and fragility fractures. Osteoporosis therapy includes calcium, vitamin D, and drugs with antiresorptive or anabolic action on the bone. Therapy for osteoporosis does not include taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), but pain associated with osteoporotic fractures can be treated by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Recently, polysaccharides extracted from medicinal herbs and edible substances (PsMHES) have attracted attention on account of their safety and promising anti-osteoporosis effects, whereas a systematic review about their potential in anti-osteoporosis is vacant to date. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of PsMHES with anti-osteoporosis activities, looking to introduce the advances in the various pharmacological mechanisms and targets involved in the anti-osteoporosis effects, extraction methods, main mechanism involved in Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin pathways and RANKL (Receptor Activator for NF[Formula: see text]B ligand or TNFSF25) pathways, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) analysis of PsMHES. Typical herbs likeAchyranthes bidentate and Morinda officinalis used for the treatment of osteoporosis are introduced; their traditional uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are discussed in this paper as well. This review will help to the recognition of the value of PsMHES in anti-osteoporosis and provide guidance for the research and development of new anti-osteoporosis agents in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Nian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Jiangxin Yue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture & Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
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8
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Ye Z, Li T, Qing D, Sun Y, Chen H, Yu Q, Yan C. Structural elucidation and osteogenic activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide from Alhagi pseudalhagi. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:185-197. [PMID: 33412197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alhagi pseudalhagi, commonly known as camel thorn, is used as an indigenous medicinal plant in China. The present study was designed to elucidate the structure of a novel polysaccharide, APP90-2, isolated from Alhagi pseudalhagi and evaluate its osteogenic activity. A homogeneous polysaccharide (APP90-2) was obtained from A. pseudalhagi via DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-100 columns, with a molecular weight of 5.9 kDa. Monosaccharide, GC-MS, and NMR analyses showed that APP90-2 consisted of α-l-Rhap-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-3-OAc-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-GalAp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→ with relative molar ratios of 4.1:1.8:6.1:6.7:1.7:1.0:1.5:2.7:2.4:1.1:2.3:2.6:1.4:2.0. Morphological analyses revealed that APP90-2 interacted with Congo-red and had an obvious honeycomb structure. Additionally, APP90-2 significantly promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, indicating that APP90-2 exhibited pronounced osteogenic activity. Therefore, our findings suggest that A. pseudalhagi may be used as an alternative medicine or health supplement for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Ye
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Degang Qing
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Qin H, Zhao W, Jiao Y, Zheng H, Zhang H, Jin J, Li Q, Chen X, Gao X, Han Y. Aqueous Extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge- Radix Puerariae Herb Pair Attenuates Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats Through Suppressing Osteoclast Differentiation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:581049. [PMID: 33708107 PMCID: PMC7941748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herb pair Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge-Radix Puerariae (DG) owns various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one high-risk factor for osteoporosis, then effect of DG on osteoporosis and underlying mechanisms was explored both in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the predication from network pharmacology hinted that DG has the potential for ameliorating osteoporosis. Consistent with predication, DG significantly restored bone loss and deficiency of type II collagen, decreased TRAP and Cathepsin K positive areas in femur. Meanwhile it improved important characteristics of microarchitectural deterioration of tissue, reduced the numbers of NFATc1-positive osteoclast in the vertebra as well as decreased the serum osteoclast-specific cytokine RANKL and OPG release in OVX rats exhibiting its protective effect against osteoporosis. In vitro, DG noticeably decreased osteoclastic-special marker protein expressions of RANK, c-Fos and NFATc1. Furthermore, autophagy pathway p62/LC3B, ROS production and NF-κB were all activated by RANKL stimulation and blocked by DG pretreatment. Moreover, autophagy inhibitors, ROS scavenger, Ca2+ chelator and NF-κB inhibitor remarkably suppressed c-Fos and NFATc1 expressions. Taken together, DG may ameliorate osteoporosis by regulating osteoclast differentiation mediated by autophagy and oxidative stress. This study provided a mechanistic basis for DG treating osteoporosis and offered a safe dose for DG in preventing and improving bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoyi Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Kakar MU, Kakar IU, Mehboob MZ, Zada S, Soomro H, Umair M, Iqbal I, Umer M, Shaheen S, Syed SF, Deng Y, Dai R. A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117113. [PMID: 33183585 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (ASK) is an important member of Compositae (Asteraceae) family. Its seeds have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve the quality of food. Water soluble and water insoluble polysaccharides are found in the seeds of this plant. Research has been conducted on the extraction of polysaccharides, their modification and determination of their structure. To date different techniques for extraction purposes have been applied which are reviewed here. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesogenic, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods. Moreover, these polysaccharides have been used as packaging material and as a sensing component for monitoring the freshness of packaged food. Some experimental results have shown that the quality of foods is also improved by using them as a food additive. We have also indicated some of the potential areas that are needed to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mehboob
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interaction, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shah Zada
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences and LMAM, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Shaheen
- Department of Higher Education, Government Girls Degree College Lakki Marwat, City Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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11
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Liu Y, Zeng W, Ma C, Wang Z, Wang C, Li S, He W, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhou C. Maackiain dampens osteoclastogenesis via attenuating RANKL-stimulated NF-κB signalling pathway and NFATc1 activity. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12308-12317. [PMID: 32939977 PMCID: PMC7686960 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic diseases are typified by over‐enhanced formation and resorbing function of osteoclasts and have a major impact on human health. Inhibition of osteoclastic differentiation and function is a key strategy for clinical therapy of osteolytic conditions. Maackiain is a natural compound extracted from Sophora flavescens, which has been applied to anti‐allergic and anti‐tumour treatments. The present results showed that Maackiain could restrain receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐stimulated osteoclast formation and hydroxyapatite resorption dose‐dependently, and interrupt the structures of F‐actin belts in the mature osteoclasts. It also repressed the expressions of osteoclast‐specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, Maackiain could inhibit RANKL‐stimulated NF‐κB and calcium signalling pathways, and dampen Nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 activity, protein expression and translocation into the nucleus. These results revealed that Maackiain may have a potential therapeutic effect on osteoclast‐related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizai Zeng
- Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shaobin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Polysaccharide Fraction from Young Barley Leaves ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Foods 2020; 9:foods9060809. [PMID: 32575580 PMCID: PMC7353472 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides isolated from various plants are considered precious bioactive materials owing to their potent biological activities. Previously, we prepared a polysaccharide fraction (BLE0) isolated from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.), demonstrating its anti-osteoporotic and immunostimulatory activities. However, data regarding BLE0 toxicity is lacking. To establish its safety, in vitro genotoxicity (chromosomal aberration and bacterial reverse mutation assays) and acute oral toxicity assays were conducted. In the in vitro genotoxicity assays, bacterial reverse mutation and chromosomal aberration assays showed that BLE0 possessed no mutagenicity or clastogenicity. Furthermore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of BLE0 was higher than 5000 mg/kg in female and male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and no adverse effects were observed in terms of mortality and abnormal changes in clinical signs (body weight and necropsy). Based on these results, BLE0 was found to be safe with regards to genotoxicity under our test conditions, demonstrating no acute oral toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg in SD rats.
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13
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Hwang YH, Jang SA, Lee A, Cho CW, Song YR, Hong HD, Ha H, Kim T. Polysaccharides isolated from lotus leaves (LLEP) exert anti-osteoporotic effects by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:449-456. [PMID: 32531355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera, more commonly known as the Indian lotus, is an important plant that has been incorporated into traditional herbal remedies along the years. Even today, lotus leaves are considered reservoirs for bioactive compounds that can be used as nutritional supplements to treat various human diseases. However, despite the wide ranging biological activities of lotus polysaccharides, limited information is available regarding the anti-osteoporotic effects of these substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of pectinase-assisted extractable polysaccharides from lotus leaves (LLEP) on estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found that LLEP markedly inhibited receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. It also revoked RANKL-induced activation of osteoclastogenic signals such as the expression of key transcription factors (i.e., c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1), resulting in a decrement in osteoclast-specific marker gene expressions. Microcomputed tomography and morphometric analysis revealed that a four-week oral administration of LLEP notably decreased trabecular bone loss. Taken together, our results suggest that LLEP can mitigate estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis, which makes it an excellent candidate for combating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Han HS, Shin JS, Song YR, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Ryu JH, Inn KS, Hong HD, Lee KT. Immunostimulatory effects of polysaccharides isolated from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) with dual activation of Th1 and Th2 in splenic T cells and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:954-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Hwang YH, Jang SA, Kim T, Ha H. Forsythia suspensa Protects against Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1831. [PMID: 31398803 PMCID: PMC6722587 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional oriental medicine, the fruit of Forsythia suspensa has been used as a nutritional supplement to alleviate inflammation and treat gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is no information available on its beneficial effects on bone. We investigated the beneficial effects of F. suspensa water extract (WFS) on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. The microarchitecture of trabecular bone was analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated based on tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone resorption activity was examined on a bone-like mineral surface. The mechanism of action of WFS was assessed by evaluating the expression and activation of signaling molecules. Phytochemical constituents were identified and quantitated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. WFS reduced ovariectomy-induced trabecular bone loss and inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity. WFS suppressed RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1, a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by decreasing c-Fos protein levels and suppressing the activation of p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase. We also identified 12 phytochemicals in WFS including lignans, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids. Collectively, these results suggest that WFS inhibits osteoclast differentiation and can potentially be used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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16
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The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092093. [PMID: 31035384 PMCID: PMC6539137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endocrines, and chemokines are also expressed that may affect the presentation of macrophages in osteoporosis. Macrophages have an effect on bone formation during fracture-associated bone repair. However, activated macrophages may secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce bone loss by osteoclastogenesis, and are associated with the activation of bone resorption. Targeting activated macrophages at an appropriate stage may help inhibit or slow the progression of bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.
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