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Mishra A, Omoyeni T, Singh PK, Anandakumar S, Tiwari A. Trends in sustainable chitosan-based hydrogel technology for circular biomedical engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133823. [PMID: 39002912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Eco-friendly materials have emerged in biomedical engineering, driving major advances in chitosan-based hydrogels. These hydrogels offer a promising green alternative to conventional polymers due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, affordability, and easy accessibility. Known for their remarkable properties such as drug encapsulation, delivery capabilities, biosensing, functional scaffolding, and antimicrobial behavior, chitosan hydrogels are at the forefront of biomedical research. This paper explores the fabrication and modification methods of chitosan hydrogels for diverse applications, highlighting their role in advancing climate-neutral healthcare technologies. It reviews significant scientific advancements and trends chitosan hydrogels focusing on cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and wound care. Additionally, it addresses current challenges and green synthesis practices that support a circular economy, enhancing biomedical sustainability. By providing an in-depth analysis of the latest evidence on climate-neutral management, this review aims to facilitate informed decision-making and foster the development of sustainable strategies leveraging chitosan hydrogel technology. The insights from this comprehensive examination are pivotal for steering future research and applications in sustainable biomedical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvagen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Temitayo Omoyeni
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvagen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden; Cyprus International University Faculty of Engineering, Nicosia 99258, TRNC, Cyprus
| | - Pravin Kumar Singh
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvagen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - S Anandakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvagen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden.
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2
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Mythri RB, Aishwarya MRB. Biopolymers as promising vehicles for drug delivery to the brain. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:46-61. [PMID: 37955126 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2281855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Babu Mythri
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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3
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Wang J, Viola M, Migliorini C, Paoletti L, Arpicco S, Di Meo C, Matricardi P. Polysaccharide-Based Nanogels to Overcome Mucus, Skin, Cornea, and Blood-Brain Barriers: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2508. [PMID: 37896268 PMCID: PMC10610445 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been extensively developed in the biomedical field to enhance the treatment of various diseases. However, to effectively deliver therapeutic agents to desired target tissues and enhance their pharmacological activity, these nanocarriers must overcome biological barriers, such as mucus gel, skin, cornea, and blood-brain barriers. Polysaccharides possess qualities such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, unique biological properties, and good accessibility, making them ideal materials for constructing drug delivery carriers. Nanogels, as a novel drug delivery platform, consist of three-dimensional polymer networks at the nanoscale, offering a promising strategy for encapsulating different pharmaceutical agents, prolonging retention time, and enhancing penetration. These attractive properties offer great potential for the utilization of polysaccharide-based nanogels as drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers. Hence, this review discusses the properties of various barriers and the associated constraints, followed by summarizing the most recent development of polysaccharide-based nanogels in drug delivery to overcome biological barriers. It is expected to provide inspiration and motivation for better design and development of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems to enhance bioavailability and efficacy while minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Marco Viola
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Claudia Migliorini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Luca Paoletti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (J.W.); (M.V.); (C.M.); (L.P.); (C.D.M.)
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4
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Jahanbekam S, Mozafari N, Bagheri-Alamooti A, Mohammadi-Samani S, Daneshamooz S, Heidari R, Azarpira N, Ashrafi H, Azadi A. Ultrasound-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel of hydrocortisone to treat osteoarthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124449. [PMID: 37072059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the practical ways to manage the disease flares of arthritis is using an intra-articular depot formulation of glucocorticoids. Hydrogels, as controllable drug delivery systems, are hydrophilic polymers with distinctive properties, such as remarkable water capacity and biocompatibility. This study aimed to design an injectable thermo-ultrasound-triggered drug carrier based on Pluronic® F-127, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin. The in situ hydrogel loaded by hydrocortison was developed and D-optimal design was used to formulate the process. The optimized hydrogel was combined with four different surfactants to better regulate the release rate. In situ gels composed of the hydrocortisone-loaded hydrogel and hydrocortisone-loaded mixed-micelle hydrogel were characterized. The hydrocortisone-loaded hydrogel and selected hydrocortisone-loaded mixed-micelle hydrogel showed a spherical shape and were nano-sized with a unique thermo-responsive nature able to prolong drug release. The ultrasound-triggered release study showed that drug release was time-dependent. By inducing osteoarthritis in a rat model, behavioral tests and histopathological analyses were carried out on the hydrocortisone-loaded hydrogel and a particular hydrocortisone-loaded mixed-micelle hydrogel. In vivo results showed that the selected hydrocortisone-loaded mixed-micelle hydrogel improved the status of the disease. Results highlighted the potential of ultrasound-responsive in situ-forming hydrogels as hopeful formulas for efficient treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Jahanbekam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Mozafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Bagheri-Alamooti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamooz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Mozafari N, Dehshahri A, Ashrafi H, Mohammadi-Samani S, Shahbazi MA, Heidari R, Azarpira N, Azadi A. Vesicles of yeast cell wall-sitagliptin to alleviate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102575. [PMID: 35714923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell-based drug delivery system based on yeast-cell wall loaded with sitagliptin, a drug with an anti-inflammatory effect, was developed to control neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. The optimized nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a negative surface charge, and were shown to be less toxic than the carrier and sitagliptin. Moreover, the nanoparticles caused anti-inflammatory effects against tumor necrosis factor-alpha in mice model of neuroinflammation. The pharmacokinetics study showed the brain concentration of drug in the nanoparticles group was much higher than in the control group. To evaluate the effect of P-glycoprotein on brain entry of sitagliptin, the experiment was repeated with verapamil, as a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. Brain concentration of the nanoparticles group remained approximately unchanged, proving the "Trojan Horse" effect of the developed nanocarriers. The results are promising for using yeast-cell wall as a carrier for targeted delivery to immune cells for the management of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mozafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Mehdi-alamdarlou S, Ahmadi F, Azadi A, Shahbazi MA, Heidari R, Ashrafi H. A cell-mimicking platelet-based drug delivery system as a potential carrier of dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ourani-Pourdashti S, Mirzaei E, Heidari R, Ashrafi H, Azadi A. Preparation and evaluation of niosomal chitosan-based in situ gel formulation for direct nose-to-brain methotrexate delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:1115-1126. [PMID: 35691430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Achieving effective treatments for various brain disorders due to the blood-brain barrier existence and the brain's complex structure has become a challenging goal. To overcome these challenges, one of the non-invasive strategies aimed at direct brain drug delivery is the use of the intranasal route. Novel drug delivery systems can be used to overcome the limitations in this administration route. This study suggested niosomal methotrexate (MTX) in situ gel formulation, which could be a suitable candidate for drug delivery to the brain. Here, niosomal MTX was prepared by a modified reverse-phase evaporation method, optimized with the aid of the design expert® software, and characterized. Optimum niosomal MTX with particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE%), equal to 130.5 nm, -38.5 mV, and 91.39 %, respectively, were added into the temperature-sensitive in situ gel formulation composed of chitosan and Poloxamer 407. This study demonstrates that the simultaneous use of niosome and in situ gel formulations causes long-term persistence in the nasal cavity and helps us to have a more controlled drug release system with higher brain concentration, lower plasma concentration, higher Kp, and lower side effects compared to the free drug (MTX solution), MTX-gel (MTX-loaded in situ gel), and niosomal MTX formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ourani-Pourdashti
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Zhang Y, Zou Z, Liu S, Miao S, Liu H. Nanogels as Novel Nanocarrier Systems for Efficient Delivery of CNS Therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:954470. [PMID: 35928954 PMCID: PMC9343834 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.954470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels have come out as a great potential drug delivery platform due to its prominently high colloidal stability, high drug loading, core-shell structure, good permeation property and can be responsive to environmental stimuli. Such nanoscopic drug carriers have more excellent abilities over conventional nanomaterials for permeating to brain parenchyma in vitro and in vivo. Nanogel-based system can be nanoengineered to bypass physiological barriers via non-invasive treatment, rendering it a most suitable platform for the management of neurological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy and ischemic stroke, etc. Therapeutics of central nervous system (CNS) diseases have shown marked limited site-specific delivery of CNS by the poor access of various drugs into the brain, due to the presences of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Hence, the availability of therapeutics delivery strategies is considered as one of the most major challenges facing the treatment of CNS diseases. The primary objective of this review is to elaborate the newer advances of nanogel for CNS drugs delivery, discuss the early preclinical success in the field of nanogel technology and highlight different insights on its potential neurotoxicity.
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9
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Targeted drug delivery systems to control neuroinflammation in central nervous system disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Jaiswal S, Dutta P, Kumar S, Chawla R. Chitosan modified by organo-functionalities as an efficient nanoplatform for anti-cancer drug delivery process. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dehshahri A, Kumar A, Madamsetty VS, Uzieliene I, Tavakol S, Azedi F, Fekri HS, Zarrabi A, Mohammadinejad R, Thakur VK. New Horizons in Hydrogels for Methotrexate Delivery. Gels 2020; 7:2. [PMID: 33396629 PMCID: PMC7839000 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first clinical application, methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for the treatment of human diseases. Despite great advantages, some properties such as poor absorption, short plasma half-life and unpredictable bioavailability have led researchers to seek novel delivery systems to improve its characteristics for parenteral and oral administration. Recently, great attention has been directed to hydrogels for the preparation of MTX formulations. This review describes the potential of hydrogels for the formulation of MTX to treat cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and central nervous system diseases. We will delineate the state-of-the-art and promising potential of hydrogels for systemic MTX delivery as well as transdermal delivery of the drug-using hydrogel-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran; (S.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fereshteh Azedi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran; (S.T.); (F.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Hojjat Samareh Fekri
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran;
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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12
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Tailoring Midazolam-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticulate Formulation for Enhanced Brain Delivery via Intranasal Route. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112589. [PMID: 33158148 PMCID: PMC7694235 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, midazolam (MDZ)-loaded chitosan nanoparticle formulation was investigated for enhanced transport to the brain through the intranasal (IN) route. These days, IN MDZ is very much in demand for treating life-threatening seizure emergencies; therefore, its nanoparticle formulation was formulated in the present work because it could substantially improve its brain targeting via the IN route. MDZ-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MDZ-CSNPs) were formulated and optimized by the ionic gelation method and then evaluated for particle size, particle size distribution (PDI), drug loading (DL), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release as well as in vitro permeation. The concentration of MDZ in the brain after the intranasal administration of MDZ-CSNPs (Cmax 423.41 ± 10.23 ng/mL, tmax 2 h, and area under the curve from 0 to 480 min (AUC0-480) of 1920.87 ng.min/mL) was found to be comparatively higher to that achieved following intravenous (IV) administration of MDZ solution (Cmax 245.44 ± 12.83 ng/mL, tmax 1 h, and AUC0-480 1208.94 ng.min/mL) and IN administration of MDZ solution (Cmax 211.67 ± 12.82, tmax 2 h, and AUC0-480 1036.78 ng.min/mL). The brain–blood ratio of MDZ-CSNPs (IN) were significantly greater at all sampling time points when compared to that of MDZ solution (IV) and MDZ (IN), which indicate that direct nose-to-brain delivery by bypassing the blood–brain barrier demonstrates superiority in brain delivery. The drug-targeting efficiency (DTE%) as well as nose-to-brain direct transport percentage (DTP%) of MDZ-CSNPs (IN) was found to be comparatively higher than that for other formulations, suggesting better brain targeting potential. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated that IN MDZ-CSNP has come up as a promising approach, which exhibits tremendous potential to mark a new landscape for the treatment of status epilepticus.
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Sabourian P, Yazdani G, Ashraf SS, Frounchi M, Mashayekhan S, Kiani S, Kakkar A. Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles on Their Intracellular Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218019. [PMID: 33126533 PMCID: PMC7662525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular internalization of inorganic, lipidic and polymeric nanoparticles is of great significance in the quest to develop effective formulations for the treatment of high morbidity rate diseases. Understanding nanoparticle–cell interactions plays a key role in therapeutic interventions, and it continues to be a topic of great interest to both chemists and biologists. The mechanistic evaluation of cellular uptake is quite complex and is continuously being aided by the design of nanocarriers with desired physico-chemical properties. The progress in biomedicine, including enhancing the rate of uptake by the cells, is being made through the development of structure–property relationships in nanoparticles. We summarize here investigations related to transport pathways through active and passive mechanisms, and the role played by physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, geometry or shape, core-corona structure, surface chemistry, ligand binding and mechanical effects, in influencing intracellular delivery. It is becoming clear that designing nanoparticles with specific surface composition, and engineered physical and mechanical characteristics, can facilitate their internalization more efficiently into the targeted cells, as well as enhance the rate of cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Sabourian
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9465, Iran; (P.S.); (G.Y.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Yazdani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9465, Iran; (P.S.); (G.Y.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Seyed Sajad Ashraf
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9465, Iran; (P.S.); (G.Y.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Masoud Frounchi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9465, Iran; (P.S.); (G.Y.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9465, Iran; (P.S.); (G.Y.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran;
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.K.)
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14
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Caprifico AE, Foot PJS, Polycarpou E, Calabrese G. Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier: Functionalised Chitosan Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111013. [PMID: 33114020 PMCID: PMC7690755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The major impediment to the delivery of therapeutics to the brain is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB allows for the entrance of essential nutrients while excluding harmful substances, including most therapeutic agents; hence, brain disorders, especially tumours, are very difficult to treat. Chitosan is a well-researched polymer that offers advantageous biological and chemical properties, such as mucoadhesion and the ease of functionalisation. Chitosan-based nanocarriers (CsNCs) establish ionic interactions with the endothelial cells, facilitating the crossing of drugs through the BBB by adsorptive mediated transcytosis. This process is further enhanced by modifications of the structure of chitosan, owing to the presence of reactive amino and hydroxyl groups. Finally, by permanently binding ligands or molecules, such as antibodies or lipids, CsNCs have showed a boosted passage through the BBB, in both in vivo and in vitro studies which will be discussed in this review.
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Canales-Aguirre AA, Matias-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Mateos-Díaz JC. Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:389. [PMID: 32432095 PMCID: PMC7214799 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) has a limited regenerative capacity and that many therapeutic molecules cannot cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The use of biomaterials has emerged as an alternative to overcome these limitations. For many years, biomedical applications of chitosan have been studied due to its remarkable biological properties, biocompatibility, and high versatility. Moreover, the interest in this biomaterial for CNS biomedical implementation has increased because of its ability to cross the BBB, mucoadhesiveness, and hydrogel formation capacity. Several chitosan-based biomaterials have been applied with promising results as drug, cell and gene delivery vehicles. Moreover, their capacity to form porous scaffolds and to bear cells and biomolecules has offered a way to achieve neural regeneration. Therefore, this review aims to bring together recent works that highlight the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as adequate biomaterials for applications directed toward the CNS. First, an overview of chitosan and its derivatives is provided with an emphasis on the properties that favor different applications. Second, a compilation of works that employ chitosan-based biomaterials for drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine in the CNS is presented. Finally, the most interesting trends and future perspectives of chitosan and its derivatives applications in the CNS are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Mateos-Díaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
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Nasrabadi M, Beyramabadi SA, Morsali A. Surface functionalization of chitosan with 5-nitroisatin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:534-546. [PMID: 31935406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several possible configurations (CS/NI1-10) for the surface adsorption of 5-nitroisatin (NI) on the chitosan polymer (CS) were investigated using quantum mechanical methods in the gas and solution phases. The values of the binding energies indicate the energetic stability of these configurations. The solvation energies demonstrate that the solubility of NI and CS increases in the presence of each other. The role of hydrogen bonds in noncovalent surface functionalization was determined by AIM analysis. The mechanism of covalent surface functionalization and the explicit solvent effects (methanol) in this mechanism were investigated and it was determined that the covalent functionalization through Schiff base formation is possible. These findings, in addition to the biological applications of the chitosan Schiff bases and their complexes, led us to synthesize a new Schiff base from condensation reaction of CS and NI (CSB) together with its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by the elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, optimized geometries, assignment of the IR vibrational bands as well as exploring of the frontier orbitals of the synthesized compounds have been calculated using density functional levels of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nasrabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Ali Beyramabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
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Quantum chemical studies of chitosan nanoparticles as effective drug delivery systems for 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shakeri S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Roghanian R, Afshar EG, Pardakhty A, Mohammadinejad R, Kumar A, Thakur VK. Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Brain Diseases Diagnosis, Therapy and Theranostics. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E13. [PMID: 31941057 PMCID: PMC7168063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier to prevent the central nervous system (CNS) from damage by substances that originate from the blood circulation. The BBB limits drug penetration into the brain and is one of the major clinical obstacles to the treatment of CNS diseases. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been tested for overcoming this barrier and releasing related drugs into the brain matrix. In this review, nanoparticles (NPs) from simple to developed delivery systems are discussed for the delivery of a drug to the brain. This review particularly focuses on polymeric nanomaterials that have been used for CNS treatment. Polymeric NPs such as polylactide (PLA), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA), human serum albumin (HSA), gelatin, and chitosan are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Shakeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Rasoul Roghanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746, Iran;
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran;
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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Mozafari N, Farjadian F, Mohammadi Samani S, Azadi S, Azadi A. Simvastatin-chitosan-citicoline conjugates nanoparticles as the co-delivery system in Alzheimer susceptible patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 156:1396-1407. [PMID: 31760027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was the preparation and characterization of a chitosan-based system for co-delivery of simvastatin and citicoline to overcome simvastatin unwanted side effects in Alzheimer's disease. This conjugated complex was synthesized in three steps, and 1HNMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed its success. The simvastatin conjugation rate to chitosan was 1.67 times more than citicoline. X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystalline property of both drugs converted to an amorphous state during the synthesis of the conjugated form. Further, SEM images revealed that the developed nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a size between 100 and 300 nm. Another characterization test was RBC hemolysis, with the lowest value at 6.04% and the highest value at 89.56% and became much lower after preparing nanoparticles using the ionotropic technique. TEM characterized the nanoparticles and showed that the gelation technique stabilized the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mozafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soha Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wahyuningtyas D, Chen WH, Huang CH, He YJ, Huang JJT. Biocompatible Inhibitor Based on Chitosan and Amphiphilic Peptide against Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2133-2140. [PMID: 31166067 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is classified as a protein-misfolding disease correlated with the mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) protein with abnormally expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domains. Because no effective drugs have yet been reported, attempts to develop better therapy to delay the age of onset are in urgent demand. In this study, an amphiphilic peptide consisting of negatively charged hexaglutamic acid and a stretch of decaglutamine (E6 Q10 ) was chemically synthesized as an inhibitor against polyQ and mHtt toxicity. It is found that E6 Q10 selfassembles into spherical vesicles, as shown by means of TEM, cryoelectron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Assembled E6 Q10 prevented the polyQ-rich peptide (KKWQ20 AKK) from forming amyloid fibrils. To enable the cell-penetration ability of E6 Q10 , the E6 Q10 ⋅chitosan complex was generated. It is demonstrated that the complex penetrates cells, interferes with the mHtt oligomerization and aggregation process, and prevents mHtt cytotoxicity. By combining positively charged chitosan and amphiphilic peptides with a negatively charge moiety, a new strategy is provided to develop biocompatible and biodegradable inhibitors against mHtt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Wahyuningtyas
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Science Building 2, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung He
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Jen-Tse Huang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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