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Sun Q, Wang HM, Ma CY, Hong S, Sun Z, Yuan TQ. Dynamic structural evolution of lignin macromolecules and hemicelluloses during Chinese pine growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123688. [PMID: 36801284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
To comprehend the biosynthesis processes of conifers, it is essential to investigate the disparity between the cell wall shape and the interior chemical structures of polymers throughout the development of Chinese pine. In this study, branches of mature Chinese pine were separated according to their growth time (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years). The variation of cell wall morphology and lignin distribution was comprehensively monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), respectively. Moreover, the chemical structures of lignin and alkali-extracted hemicelluloses were extensively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thickness of latewood cell walls increased steadily from 1.29 μm to 3.38 μm, and the structure of the cell wall components became more complicated as the growth time increased. Based on the structural analysis, it was found that the content of β-O-4 (39.88-45.44/100 Ar), β-β (3.20-10.02/100 Ar) and β-5 (8.09-15.35/100 Ar) linkages as well as the degree of polymerization of lignin increased with the growth time. The complication propensity increased significantly over 6 years before slowing to a trickle over 8 and 10 years. Furthermore, alkali-extracted hemicelluloses of Chinese pine mainly consist of galactoglucomannans and arabinoglucuronxylan, in which the relative content of galactoglucomannans increased with the growth of the pine, especially from 6 to 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han-Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Si Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ultrastructural elucidation of lignin macromolecule from different growth stages of Chinese pine. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1792-1800. [PMID: 35483510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the morphological changes at different growth stages and lignin accumulation pattern for pine biomass plays the key role in facilitating the further development of value-added utilization and downstream conversion processes. This work systematically revealed the morphological change and lignin accumulation pattern in Chinese pine branches cell walls via confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) technology. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics of isolated lignin samples from different growth stages were synthetically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. The results indicated that the content of pith in adult pine new branch was bigger than juvenile trees. With the increase of physiological age, the branches in adult pine could accumulate more lignin both in overall content and the concentration of cell corner middle layer. Moreover, the significantly increases of molecular weights and the β-O-4, β-β linkages content revealed that the lignin macromolecule of pine would polymerize faster in the adult stage (14, 35 years). The panorama generated from the structural and chemical features of pine native lignin not only benefited to understand the biosynthetic pathways and lignin macromolecules structural variation in plant cell walls from different growth stages but also contributed to the valorization and deconstruction of biomass.
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Features of the Chemical Composition and Structure of Birch Phloem Dioxane Lignin: A Comprehensive Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050964. [PMID: 35267787 PMCID: PMC8912895 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemical structure of lignin in the plant phloem contributes to the systematics of lignins of various biological origins, as well as the development of plant biomass valorization. In this study, the structure of the lignin from birch phloem has been characterized using the combination of three analytical techniques, including 2D NMR, Py-GC/MS, and APPI-Orbitrap-HRMS. Due to the specifics of the phloem chemical composition, two lignin preparations were analyzed: a sample obtained as dioxane lignin (DL) by the Pepper’s method and DL obtained after preliminary alkaline hydrolysis of the phloem. The obtained results demonstrated that birch phloem lignin possesses a guaiacyl–syringyl (G-S) nature with a unit ratio of (S/G) 0.7–0.9 and a higher degree of condensation compared to xylem lignin. It was indicated that its macromolecules are constructed from β-aryl ethers followed by phenylcoumaran and resinol structures as well as terminal groups in the form of cinnamic aldehyde and dihydroconiferyl alcohol. The presence of fatty acids and flavonoids removed during alkaline treatment was established. Tandem mass spectrometry made it possible to demonstrate that the polyphenolic components are impurities and are not incorporated into the structure of lignin macromolecules. An important component of phloem lignin is lignin–carbohydrate complexes incorporating xylopyranose moieties.
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Belyy V, Kuzivanov I, Istomina E, Mikhaylov V, Tropnikov E, Karmanov A, Bogdanovich N. Water stable colloidal lignin-PVP particles prepared by electrospray. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:533-542. [PMID: 34509517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, electrospray deposition has been used as a method to prepare lignin submicron spherical particles. Regularities of electrospraying of lignin solutions in DMSO were revealed. The influence of voltage, distance between electrodes, feed rate, temperature and concentration of lignin solution on the morphology, size and polydispersity of the obtained particles was determined. SEM, IR, TG-DSC, elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential and nitrogen sorption were used to characterize the particles and to determine their properties. The aqueous colloidal solutions of the submicron particles of lignins from various plant sources were stabilized by preparing the lignin/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Belyy
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia.
| | - Ivan Kuzivanov
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia
| | - Elena Istomina
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia
| | - Vasily Mikhaylov
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Pervomaiskaya st. 48, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Tropnikov
- Institute of Geology of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Pervomaiskaya st. 54, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia
| | - Anatoly Karmanov
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center UB RAS, Kommunisticheskaya st. 28, Syktyvkar 167982, Republic of Komi, Russia
| | - Nikolai Bogdanovich
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
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Karmanov AP, Kanarsky AV, Kocheva LS, Belyy VA, Semenov EI, Rachkova NG, Bogdanovich NI, Pokryshkin SA. Chemical structure and polymer properties of wheat and cabbage lignins – Valuable biopolymers for biomedical applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Paulsen Thoresen P, Lange H, Crestini C, Rova U, Matsakas L, Christakopoulos P. Characterization of Organosolv Birch Lignins: Toward Application-Specific Lignin Production. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4374-4385. [PMID: 33623848 PMCID: PMC7893791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organosolv pretreatment represents one of the most promising biomass valorization strategies for renewable carbon-based products; meanwhile, there is an overall lack of holistic approach to how extraction conditions affect the suitable end-usages. In this context, lignin extracted from silver birch (Betula pendula L.) by a novel hybrid organosolv/steam-explosion treatment at varying process conditions (EtOH %; time; catalyst %) was analyzed by quantitative NMR (1H-13C HSQC; 13C NMR; 31P NMR), gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Pyr-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and thermogravimetric analysis, and the physicochemical characteristics of the lignins were discussed regarding their potential usages. Characteristic lignin interunit bonding motifs, such as β-O-4', β-β', and β-5', were found to dominate in the extracted lignins, with their abundance varying with treatment conditions. Low-molecular-weight lignins with fairly unaltered characteristics were generated via extraction with the highest ethanol content potentially suitable for subsequent production of free phenolics. Furthermore, β-β' and β-5' structures were predominant at higher acid catalyst contents and prolonged treatment times. Higher acid catalyst content led to oxidation and ethoxylation of side-chains, with the concomitant gradual disappearance of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde. This said, the increasing application of acid generated a broad set of lignin characteristics with potential applications such as antioxidants, carbon fiber, nanoparticles, and water remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples’Federico
II’, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department
of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University
of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971-87 Luleå, Sweden
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Faleva AV, Belesov AV, Kozhevnikov AY, Falev DI, Chukhchin DG, Novozhilov EV. Analysis of the functional group composition of the spruce and birch phloem lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:913-922. [PMID: 33147437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the functional group composition of the spruce (Pícea ábies) and birch (Bétula péndula) phloem lignin is described. The features of the chemical structure were studied by analyzing dioxane lignin using the elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and 1D NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, samples of xylem dioxane lignin isolated from the corresponding wood species were also analyzed. FT-IR spectroscopy data suggest that the lignins of birch phloem and xylem are similar in chemical structure. However, there are differences in absorption bands in the spectra of spruce dioxane lignin, which indicate the opposite. Quantitative analysis of the functional group composition was performed using 13C and 31P NMR data. It was found that free phenolic hydroxyl groups of catechol and p-hydroxyphenyl types are dominated in the composition of spruce phloem lignin. Birch phloem lignin has a qualitative and quantitative composition of functional groups characteristic of hardwood lignins. However, the content of G-units is greater than S-units, in contrast to the birch xylem lignin, where S-units predominate. The revealed differences are relevant from the point of view of plant physiology. The practical significance of the study is connected with understanding the reactivity of lignins when considering the chemical processing of tree bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Faleva
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
| | - Artem V Belesov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
| | - Aleksandr Yu Kozhevnikov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
| | - Danil I Falev
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
| | - Dmitry G Chukhchin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
| | - Evgeniy V Novozhilov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Northern Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, (Russia).
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Kocheva LS, Karmanov AP, Mironov MV, Belyy VA, Polina IN, Pokryshkin SA. Characteristics of chemical structure of lignin biopolymer from Araucaria relict plant. Questions and answers of evolution. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:896-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Karmanov AP, Kocheva LS, Belyy VA. Topological structure and antioxidant properties of macromolecules of lignin of hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Structural characterization of the lignin from Saxifraga (Saxifraga oppositifolia L.) stems. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:656-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karmanov AP, Kanarsky AV, Kanarskaya ZA, Kocheva LS, Semenov EI, Bogdanovich NI, Belyy VA. In vitro adsorption-desorption of aflatoxin B1 on Pepper's lignins isolated from grassy plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Tao J, Li S, Ye F, Zhou Y, Lei L, Zhao G. Lignin - An underutilized, renewable and valuable material for food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2011-2033. [PMID: 31547671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1625025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biorenewable polymers only next to cellulose and is ubiquitous in various plant foods. In food industry, lignin often presented as a major component of by-products from plant foods. In the last decade, the food and nutritional interests of lignin attracted more and more attentions and great progresses have been accomplished. In the present review, the structure, physicochemical properties, dietary occurrence and preparation methods of lignin from food resources were summarized. Then, the versatile activities of food lignin were introduced under the subtitles of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. Finally, the potential applications of food lignin were proposed as a food bioactive ingredient, an improver of food package films and a novel material in fabricating drug delivery vehicles and contaminant passivators. Hopefully, this review could bring new insights in exploiting lignin from nutrition- and food-directed views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Regional Foods, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Montgomery JRD, Bazley P, Lebl T, Westwood NJ. Using Fractionation and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy to Study Lignin Molecular Weight. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:601-605. [PMID: 31110931 PMCID: PMC6511914 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports demonstrate that applications of the biopolymer lignin can be helped by the use of a fraction of the lignin which has an optimal molecular weight range. Unfortunately, the current methods used to determine lignin's molecular weight are inconsistent or not widely accessible. Here, an approach that relies on 2D DOSY NMR analysis is described that provides a measure of lignin's molecular weight. Consistent results were obtained using this well‐established NMR technique across a range of lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R D Montgomery
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Priory Bazley
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Tomas Lebl
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
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