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Dai Y, Shen Y, Ke C, Luo X, Huang M, Huang H, You W. Carryover effects of embryonic hypoxia exposure on adult fitness of the Pacific abalone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119628. [PMID: 39048070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The widespread and severe drop in dissolved oxygen concentration in the open ocean and coastal waters has attracted much attention, but assessments of the impacts of environmental hypoxia on aquatic organisms have focused primarily on responses to current exposure. Past stress exposure might also affect the performance of aquatic organisms through carryover effects, and whether these effects scale from positive to negative based on exposure degree is unknown. We investigated the carryover effects of varying embryonic hypoxia levels (mediate hypoxia: 3.0-3.1 mg O2/L; severe hypoxia: 2.0-2.1 mg O2/L) on the fitness traits of adult Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), including growth, hypoxia tolerance, oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion rate, and biochemical responses to acute hypoxia. Moderate embryonic hypoxia exposure significantly improved the hypoxia tolerance of adult Pacific abalone without sacrificing growth and survival. Adult abalone exposed to embryonic hypoxia exhibited physiological plasticity, including decreased oxygen consumption rates under environmental stress, increased basal methylation levels, and a more active response to acute hypoxia, which might support their higher hypoxia tolerance. Thus, moderate oxygen declines in early life have persistent effects on the fitness of abalone even two years later, further affecting population dynamics. The results suggested that incorporating the carryover effects of embryonic hypoxia exposure into genetic breeding programs would be an important step toward rapidly improving the hypoxia tolerance of aquatic animals. The study also inspires the protection of endangered wild animals and other vulnerable species under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environmental and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China.
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China.
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Jiao C, Ruan J, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu X, Sun G, Liu C, Sun C, Tian X, Yang D, Chen L, Wang Z. Molecular characterization, expression and antibacterial function of a macin, HdMac, from Haliotis discus hannai. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108113. [PMID: 38631559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Macins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, which play multiple roles in the elimination of invading pathogens. In the present study, a macin was cloned and characterized from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Designated as HdMac). Analysis of the conserved domain suggested that HdMac was a new member of the macin family. In non-stimulated abalones, HdMac transcripts were constitutively expressed in all five tested tissues, especially in hemocytes. After Vibrio harveyi stimulation, the expression of HdMac mRNA in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated at 12 hr (P < 0.01). RNAi-mediated knockdown of HdMac transcripts affected the survival rates of abalone against V. harveyi. Moreover, recombinant protein of HdMac (rHdMac) exhibited high antibacterial activities against invading bacteria, especially for Vibrio anguillarum. In addition, rHdMac possessed binding activities towards glucan, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and peptidoglycan (PGN), but not chitin in vitro. Membrane integrity analysis revealed that rHdMac could increase the membrane permeability of bacteria. Meanwhile, both the phagocytosis and chemotaxis ability of hemocytes could be significantly enhanced by rHdMac. Overall, the results showed that HdMac could function as a versatile molecule involved in immune responses of H. discus hannai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Jiao
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xinze Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Tianjin Xiqing District Agriculture and Rural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300380, PR China
| | - Caili Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Xiuhui Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China.
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Kirilova M, Topalova Y, Velkova L, Dolashki A, Kaynarov D, Daskalova E, Zheleva N. Antibacterial Action of Protein Fraction Isolated from Rapana venosa Hemolymph against Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:68. [PMID: 38256901 PMCID: PMC10821198 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products and especially those from marine organisms are being intensively explored as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics. However, the exact mechanisms of their action are not yet well understood. The molecular masses of components in the hemolymph fraction with MW 50-100 kDa from Rapana venosa were determined using ImageQuant™ TL v8.2.0 software based on electrophoretic analysis. Mainly, three types of compounds with antibacterial potential were identified, namely proteins with MW at 50.230 kDa, 62.100 kDa and 93.088 kDa that were homologous to peroxidase-like protein, aplicyanin A and L-amino acid oxidase and functional units with MW 50 kDa from R. venous hemocyanin. Data for their antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785 were obtained by CTC/DAPI-based fluorescent analysis (analysis based on the use of a functional fluorescence probe). The fluorescent analyses demonstrated that a 50% concentration of the fraction with MW 50-100 kDa was able to eliminate 99% of the live bacteria. The antimicrobial effect was detectable even at a 1% concentration of the active compounds. The bacteria in this case had reduced metabolic activity and a 24% decreased size. The fraction had superior action compared with another mollusc product-snail slime-which killed 60% of the E. coli NBIMCC 8785 cells at a 50% concentration and had no effect at a 1% concentration. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of the fraction with MW 50-100 kDa from R. venosa to eliminate and suppress the development of Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785 bacteria and could be applied as an appropriate component of therapeutics with the potential to replace antibiotics to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Kirilova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.T.)
- Center of Competence “Clean Technologies for Sustainable Environment—Water, Waste, Energy for Circular Economy”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Yana Topalova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.T.)
- Center of Competence “Clean Technologies for Sustainable Environment—Water, Waste, Energy for Circular Economy”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Elmira Daskalova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.T.)
| | - Nellie Zheleva
- Center of Competence “Clean Technologies for Sustainable Environment—Water, Waste, Energy for Circular Economy”, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Bergamini G, Sacchi S, Ferri A, Franchi N, Montanari M, Ahmad M, Losi C, Nasi M, Cocchi M, Malagoli D. Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:992. [PMID: 37508422 PMCID: PMC10376890 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that clodronate liposomes targeted large circulating hemocytes, resulting in a transient decrease in their number. Corresponding with the phagocyte depletion, tentacle regeneration onset was halted, and it resumed at the expected pace when clodronate liposome effects were no longer visible. In addition to the regeneration progress, the expressions of Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-TG, and Pc-AIF-1, which are markers of hemocyte-mediated functions like oxygen transport and immunity, clotting, and inflammation, were modified. After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. This is consistent with reports indicating the large and agranular hemocyte population as the most represented among the professional phagocytes of P. canaliculata and with the hypothesis that different hemocyte morphologies could exert diverse biological functions, as it has been observed in other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamini
- Department Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Zoological Station "Anton Dohrn", 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Sacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Montanari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mohamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- LASIRE, Université de Lille, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Chiara Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Li Y, Wang S, Zhang K, Yin Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Kong X, Tang L, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Serratia marcescens in the intestine of housefly larvae inhibits host growth by interfering with gut microbiota. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:196. [PMID: 37301969 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of gut microbiota is highly complex. Insects have ubiquitous associations with intestinal symbiotic bacteria, which play essential roles. Thus, understanding how changes in the abundance of a single bacterium interfere with bacterial interactions in the insect's gut is important. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effects of Serratia marcescens on the growth and development of housefly larvae using phage technology. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to explore dynamic diversity and variation in gut bacterial communities and performed plate confrontation assays to study the interaction between S. marcescens and intestinal microorganisms. Furthermore, we performed phenoloxidase activity assay, crawling assay, and trypan blue staining to explore the negative effects of S. marcescens on housefly larvae's humoral immunity, motility, and intestinal organization. RESULTS The growth and development of housefly larvae were inhibited after feeding on S. marcescens, and their intestinal bacterial composition changed with increasing abundance of Providencia and decreasing abundance of Enterobacter and Klebsiella. Meanwhile, the depletion of S. marcescens by phages promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSIONS In our study, using phage as a tool to regulate the abundance of S. marcescens, we highlighted the mechanism by which S. marcescens inhibits the growth and development of housefly larvae and illustrated the importance of intestinal flora for larval development. Furthermore, by studying the dynamic diversity and variation in gut bacterial communities, we improved our understanding of the possible relationship between the gut microbiome and housefly larvae when houseflies are invaded by exogenous pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- School of Life Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yansong Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Kong
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261021, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, No. 619, Changchen Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261021, Shandong, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Dilna C, Prasanth GK, Ghufran MS, Soni P, Kanade SR, Duddukuri GR. Purification and characterization of a hemocyanin with lectin-like activity isolated from the hemolymph of speckled shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros. Biochimie 2023; 206:36-48. [PMID: 36216224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins or agglutinins are mainly proteins or glycoproteins, reported to uphold an ability to agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) with a known sugar specificity in a diverse group of organisms. In the present study, we purified a hemocyanin (named as MmHc) from a shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros by size-exclusion chromatography. Further characterization revealed that the purified MmHc showed hemagglutination activity that was found to be specifically inhibited by Lewis B and Lewis Y tetrasaccharides. The MmHc displayed two oligomers of molecular weight approximately ∼78 and ∼85 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The native molecular mass of MmHc was found to be ∼457 kDa as determined by size-exclusion chromatography which indicated that the purified MmHc is an oligomeric protein. MmHc showed a maximum activity within pH 7.0-8.0, while a wide range of temperature stability was observed between 4 to 55 °C, however, it did not show any dependency on metal ions for binding. Subsequently, the analysis of the peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) identified the purified MmHc as shrimp hemocyanin showing significant similarity to the hemocyanin of Penaeus vannamei. The results of multiple sequence alignment and detailed analysis of the molecular interactions predicted by AutoDock suggested that besides the oxygen carrier function, this MmHc may have multiple roles and can interact well with the Lewis Y antigen through a typical sugar binding motif containing the similar hydrophilic amino acids as the conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dilna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh K Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Md Sajid Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India.
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Wiśniewska K, Siatkowska M, Komorowski P, Napieralska K, Kasperkiewicz K, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Wilczek G. Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and copper on the proteome profile of hemolymph in false widow spider Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114448. [PMID: 38321667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the proteome of the hemolymph of female Steatoda grossa spiders (Theridiidae) that were chronically exposed to cadmium and copper in food and were additionally immunostimulated (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA); bacterial suspensions: Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Pseudomonas fluorescens (G-). It was found that the expression of nearly 90 proteins was altered in cadmium-intoxicated spiders and more than 60 in copper-exposed individuals. Regardless of the type of metal used, these proteins were mainly overexpressed in the hemolymph of the exposed spiders. On the other hand, immunostimulation did not significantly change the number of proteins with altered expression in metal-intoxicated individuals. Hemocyanin (Hc) was found to be the most abundant of the proteins identified with altered expression. In copper-intoxicated spiders, immunostimulation increased the expression of A-, E-, F-, and G-chain-containing proteins, while in the case of cadmium-intoxicates spiders, it decreased the expression of E- and A-chain-containing Hc and increased the expression of G-chain-containing Hc. Regardless of the type of metal and immunostimulant used, there was an increase in the expression of actin. In addition, cadmium increased the expression of cullin, vimentin, and ceruloplasmin. The changes observed in the expression of hemolymph proteins indicate their protective function in S. grossa (Theridiidae) spiders under conditions of metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Siatkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Komorowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials Science, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kinga Napieralska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics, Bionanopark Ltd. Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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Schäfer GG, Grebe LJ, Schinkel R, Lieb B. The Evolution of Hemocyanin Genes in Caenogastropoda: Gene Duplications and Intron Accumulation in Highly Diverse Gastropods. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:639-655. [PMID: 34757470 PMCID: PMC8599328 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the oxygen transport protein of most molluscs and represents an important physiological factor that has to be well-adapted to their environments because of the strong influences of abiotic factors on its oxygen affinity. Multiple independent gene duplications and intron gains have been reported for hemocyanin genes of Tectipleura (Heterobranchia) and the caenogastropod species Pomacea canaliculata, which contrast with the uniform gene architectures of hemocyanins in Vetigastropoda. The goal of this study was to analyze hemocyanin gene evolution within the diverse group of Caenogastropoda in more detail. Our findings reveal multiple gene duplications and intron gains and imply that these represent general features of Apogastropoda hemocyanins. Whereas hemocyanin exon–intron structures are identical within different Tectipleura lineages, they differ strongly within Caenogastropoda among phylogenetic groups as well as between paralogous hemocyanin genes of the same species. Thus, intron accumulation took place more gradually within Caenogastropoda but finally led to a similar consequence, namely, a multitude of introns. Since both phenomena occurred independently within Heterobranchia and Caenogastropoda, the results support the hypothesis that introns may contribute to adaptive radiation by offering new opportunities for genetic variability (multiple paralogs that may evolve differently) and regulation (multiple introns). Our study indicates that adaptation of hemocyanin genes may be one of several factors that contributed to the evolution of the large diversity of Apogastropoda. While questions remain, this hypothesis is presented as a starting point for the further study of hemocyanin genes and possible correlations between hemocyanin diversity and adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Jörg Grebe
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Schinkel
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Gan Y, Wang Y, Pang G, Huang Z, Yu F, Luo X, Ke C, You W. Distinct metabolic shifts occur during the transition between normoxia and hypoxia in the hybrid and its maternal abalone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148698. [PMID: 34214815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities that have increased global climate change and nutrient discharges, severe hypoxic events have frequently occurred in coastal waters in recent years. Relying on coastal waters, the aquaculture area has suffered ecological and economic losses caused by hypoxia, especially in summer. In this study, to investigate the stress resistance of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (DD) and the hybrid H. discus hannai ♀ × H. fulgens ♂ (DF), a combination of physiological, biochemical, and metabolomic methods were used to compare the metabolic responses of these two abalones to acute hypoxia (~0.5 mg O2/L, 12 h) and reoxygenation (~6.6 mg O2/L, 10-20 h). Hemolymph characteristics and aerobic/anaerobic respiratory capacity changed significantly under hypoxia or reoxygenation conditions, and they were regulated in different trends in two abalones. The contents of hepatopancreas glycogen in two abalones reached the trough after 10 h recovery, implying that short-term hypoxia leads to a long-lasting (several hours) imprint on the energy storage of abalone. In response to dissolved oxygen fluctuation, metabolic profiles of two abalones changed in distinct ways both in the hypoxia group or the reoxygenation group. The conversion of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism indicated that hypoxia prompts abalone to change the way of energy metabolism, which may also reflect the difference in the energy utilization of DD and DF abalones. In addition, 3 metabolites (L-glutamate, 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid, and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid) as potential biomarkers for hypoxia and reoxygenation response in abalone were determined by operating characteristic analysis (ROC). Overall, this study provides information towards understanding the damage caused by frequent hypoxic events and implies the metabolic shifts that occur under hypoxia and reoxygenation conditions in DD and DF abalones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Qizhen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Gewen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Xue R, Han Y, Li F, Chen L, Yang D, Zhao J. Identification, antibacterial activities and action mode of two macins from manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:411-420. [PMID: 34571157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two macins were identified from clam Venerupis philippinarum (designated as VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2). They showed 64.71% similarity with each other. The highest mRNA expression of VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 was detected in gills and hepatopancreas, respectively, in non-stimulated clams, and their expression could be induced significantly in hemocytes after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Silencing of VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 led to 22% and 49% mortality 6 days post infection. Escherichia coli cells were killed by recombinant protein rVpMacin-1 and rVpMacin-2 within 1000 and 400 min, respectively, at a concentration of 1.0 × MIC. Compared with rVpMacin-1, rVpMacin-2 not only showed higher broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities towards Vibrio strains, but possessed stronger abilities to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm. Both membrane integrity and electrochemical assay indicated that rVpMacins were capable of causing bacterial membrane permeabilization, especially for rVpMacin-2. Besides, rVpMacin-1 significantly induced both phagocytic (0.1 and 1.0 × MIC, p < 0.05) and chemotactic effects (0.1 × MIC, p < 0.01) of hemocytes, while there was no significant increase for rVpMacin-2. Overall, our results suggested that VpMacin-1 and VpMacin-2 play important roles in host defense against invasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yijing Han
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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Schäfer GG, Pedrini-Martha V, Jackson DJ, Dallinger R, Lieb B. The evolution of hemocyanin genes in Tectipleura: a multitude of conserved introns in highly diverse gastropods. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33663373 PMCID: PMC7931591 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemocyanin is the oxygen transporter of most molluscs. Since the oxygen affinity of hemocyanin is strongly temperature-dependent, this essential protein needs to be well-adapted to the environment. In Tectipleura, a very diverse group of gastropods with > 27,000 species living in all kinds of habitats, several hemocyanin genes have already been analyzed. Multiple independent duplications of this gene have been identified and may represent potential adaptations to different environments and lifestyles. The aim of this study is to further explore the evolution of these genes by analyzing their exon–intron architectures. Results We have reconstructed the gene architectures of ten hemocyanin genes from four Tectipleura species: Aplysia californica, Lymnaea stagnalis, Cornu aspersum and Helix pomatia. Their hemocyanin genes each contain 53 introns, significantly more than in the hemocyanin genes of Cephalopoda (9–11), Vetigastropoda (15) and Caenogastropoda (28–33). The gene structures of Tectipleura hemocyanins are identical in terms of intron number and location, with the exception of one out of two hemocyanin genes of L. stagnalis that comprises one additional intron. We found that gene structures that differ between molluscan lineages most probably evolved more recently through independent intron gains. Conclusions The strict conservation of the large number of introns in Tectipleura hemocyanin genes over 200 million years suggests the influence of a selective pressure on this gene structure. While we could not identify conserved sequence motifs within these introns, it may be simply the great number of introns that offers increased possibilities of gene regulation relative to hemocyanin genes with less introns and thus may have facilitated habitat shifts and speciation events. This hypothesis is supported by the relatively high number of introns within the hemocyanin genes of Pomacea canaliculata that has evolved independently of the Tectipleura. Pomacea canaliculata belongs to the Caenogastropoda, the sister group of Heterobranchia (that encompass Tectipleura) which is also very diverse and comprises species living in different habitats. Our findings provide a hint to some of the molecular mechanisms that may have supported the spectacular radiation of one of Metazoa’s most species rich groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Giannina Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel John Jackson
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Pedrini-Martha V, Schnegg R, Schäfer GG, Lieb B, Salvenmoser W, Dallinger R. Responsiveness of metallothionein and hemocyanin genes to cadmium and copper exposure in the garden snail Cornu aspersum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:228-238. [PMID: 33146003 PMCID: PMC7984241 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial gastropods express metal-selective metallothioneins (MTs) by which they handle metal ions such as Zn2+ , Cd2+ , and Cu+ /Cu2+ through separate metabolic pathways. At the same time, they depend on the availability of sufficient amounts of Cu as an essential constituent of their respiratory protein, hemocyanin (Hc). It was, therefore, suggested that in snails Cu-dependent MT and Hc pathways might be metabolically connected. In fact, the Cu-specific snail MT (CuMT) is exclusively expressed in rhogocytes, a particular molluscan cell type present in the hemocoel and connective tissues. Snail rhogocytes are also the sites of Hc synthesis. In the present study, possible interactions between the metal-regulatory and detoxifying activity of MTs and the Cu demand of Hc isoforms was explored in the edible snail Cornu aspersum, one of the most common European helicid land snails. This species possesses CdMT and CuMT isoforms involved in metal-selective physiological tasks. In addition, C. aspersum expresses three different Hc isoforms (CaH ɑD, CaH ɑN, CaH β). We have examined the effect of Cd2+ and Cu2+ exposure on metal accumulation in the midgut gland and mantle of C. aspersum, testing the impact of these metals on transcriptional upregulation of CdMT, CuMT, and the three Hc genes in the two organs. We found that the CuMT and CaH ɑD genes exhibit an organ-specific transcriptional upregulation in the midgut gland of Cu-exposed snails. These results are discussed in view of possible interrelationships between the metal-selective activity of snail MT isoforms and the synthesis and metabolism of Hc isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pedrini-Martha
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Schnegg
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Lieb
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mohanty J, Sahoo S, Badhe MR, Pillai BR, Sahoo PK, Suryawanshi AR, Patnaik BB. Lectin-Like Activity of Hemocyanin in Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Protein J 2020; 39:358-365. [PMID: 32661731 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins that bind to the carbohydrate moieties on surface of bacteria, erythrocytes and other cells of invertebrates causing agglutination and mediate in recognition of foreign substances. In the present study, we isolated and characterized a lectin molecule present in the hemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, an important cultured freshwater prawn. Lectin in serum samples of adult prawns was assessed through hemagglutination (HA) test using rabbit RBC that showed a titre ranging from 16 to 64. This serum hemagglutinin was confirmed as a C-type lectin based on its dependency on calcium ions towards binding to rabbit RBCs. The hemagglutinin was also found to be stable at the pH range of 5.0-10.0 and temperature range of 10-40 °C. Of various sugars and glycoproteins tested in hemagglutination inhibition assay, the serum lectin was found specific only to N-acetylneuraminic acid and fetuin with respective minimum inhibitory concentrations at 50 mM and 0.31 mg/ml. Further, the lectin was purified by affinity chromatography on rabbit erythrocyte stroma, which showed hemagglutination with rabbit RBC. In electrophoretic analyses, the purified lectin showed one band with molecular weight of ~ 427 kDa in native gradient PAGE, and its two constituent polypeptide chains of ~ 81 and ~ 73 kDa in SDS-PAGE. These polypeptides were analysed in MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and identified as hemocyanins. It was hence, concluded that hemocyanin in M. rosenbergii possesses lectin-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Mohanty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India.
| | - Sonalina Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Mohan R Badhe
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Bindu R Pillai
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- School of Biotech Sciences, Trident Academy of Creative Technology (TACT), Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.,P.G. Department of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore, 756089, India
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Chiumiento IR, Ituarte S, Sun J, Qiu JW, Heras H, Dreon MS. Hemocyanin of the caenogastropod Pomacea canaliculata exhibits evolutionary differences among gastropod clades. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228325. [PMID: 31999773 PMCID: PMC6992001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural knowledge of gastropod hemocyanins is scarce. To better understand their evolution and diversity we studied the hemocyanin of a caenogastropod, Pomacea canaliculata (PcH). Through a proteomic and genomic approach, we identified 4 PcH subunit isoforms, in contrast with other gastropods that usually have 2 or 3. Each isoform has the typical Keyhole limpet-type hemocyanin architecture, comprising a string of eight globular functional units (FUs). Correspondingly, genes are organized in eight FUs coding regions. All FUs in the 4 genes are encoded by more than one exon, a feature not found in non- caenogastropods. Transmission electron microscopy images of PcH showed a cylindrical structure organized in di, tri and tetra-decamers with an internal collar structure, being the di and tri-decameric cylinders the most abundant ones. PcH is N-glycosylated with high mannose and hybrid-type structures, and complex-type N-linked glycans, with absence of sialic acid. Terminal β-N-GlcNAc residues and nonreducing terminal α-GalNAc are also present. The molecule lacks O-linked glycosylation but presents the T-antigen (Gal-β1,3-GalNAc). Using an anti-PcH polyclonal antibody, no cross-immunoreactivity was observed against other gastropod hemocyanins, highlighting the presence of clade-specific structural differences among gastropod hemocyanins. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first gene structure study of a Caenogastropoda hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rafael Chiumiento
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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