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Deng S, Chen A, Chen W, Lai J, Pei Y, Wen J, Yang C, Luo J, Zhang J, Lei C, Varma SN, Liu C. Fabrication of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Functional Polymers for Anti-Infection and Augmenting Wound Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010120. [PMID: 36616470 PMCID: PMC9823642 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of bacteria-induced infections threatens the lives of many patients. Meanwhile, the misuse of antibiotics has led to a significant increase in bacterial resistance. There are two main ways to alleviate the issue: one is to introduce antimicrobial agents to medical devices to get local drug releasing and alleviating systemic toxicity and resistance, and the other is to develop new antimicrobial methods to kill bacteria. New antimicrobial methods include cationic polymers, metal ions, hydrophobic structures to prevent bacterial adhesion, photothermal sterilization, new biocides, etc. Biodegradable biocompatible synthetic polymers have been widely used in the medical field. They are often used in tissue engineering scaffolds as well as wound dressings, where bacterial infections in these medical devices can be serious or even fatal. However, such materials usually do not have inherent antimicrobial properties. They can be used as carriers for drug delivery or compounded with other antimicrobial materials to achieve antimicrobial effects. This review focuses on the antimicrobial behavior, preparation methods, and biocompatibility testing of biodegradable biocompatible synthetic polymers. Degradable biocompatible natural polymers with antimicrobial properties are also briefly described. Finally, the medical applications of these polymeric materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK
| | - Anfu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Weijia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jindi Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yameng Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Can Yang
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caihong Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Swastina Nath Varma
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA4 4LP, UK
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.L.)
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Mio L, Sacco P, Donati I. Influence of Temperature and Polymer Concentration on the Nonlinear Response of Highly Acetylated Chitosan-Genipin Hydrogels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030194. [PMID: 35323307 PMCID: PMC8955893 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain hardening, i.e., the nonlinear elastic response of materials under load, is a physiological response of biological tissues to mechanical stimulation. It has recently been shown to play a central role in regulating cell fate. In this paper, we investigate the effect of temperature and polymer concentrations on the strain hardening of covalent hydrogels composed of pH-neutral soluble chitosans crosslinked with genipin. A series of highly acetylated chitosans with a fraction of acetylated units, FA, in the range of 0.4–0.6 was synthesized by the homogeneous re-N-acetylation of a partially acetylated chitosan or the heterogeneous deacetylation of chitin. A chitosan sample with an FA = 0.44 was used to prepare hydrogels with genipin as a crosslinker at a neutral pH. Time and frequency sweep experiments were then performed to obtain information on the gelling kinetics and mechanical response of the resulting hydrogels under small amplitude oscillatory shear. While the shear modulus depends on the chitosan concentration and is almost independent of the gel temperature, we show that the extent of hardening can be modulated when the gelling temperature is varied and is almost independent of the experimental conditions used to build the hydrogels (ex situ or in situ gelation). The overall effect is attributed to a subtle balance between the physical (weak) entanglements and covalent (strong) crosslinks that determine the mechanical response of highly acetylated chitosan hydrogels at large deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
- AREA Science Park, Loc. Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, I-34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.M.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Yuan L, Yao Q, Liang Y, Dan Y, Wang Y, Wen H, Yang Y, Dan W. Chitosan based antibacterial composite materials for leather industry: a review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chitosan is an amorphous translucent substance with a structural unit similar to the polysaccharide structure of the extracellular matrix, It has good antibacterial, biocompatible, and degradable properties. It has important application value in leather, water treatment, medicine, food and other fields, so chitosan and its modified products have received widespread attention. This article reviewed the preparation methods of chitosan-based antibacterial composites in recent years, including chitosan/collagen, chitosan/graphene, chitosan/tannic acid, and chitosan/polyethylene glycol composite materials, elaborates their modification methods and antibacterial mechanism were reviewed in detail, and its applications in the leather industry as antibacterial auxiliaries and water treatment antibacterial adsorption materials were discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges of chitosan-based composite materials in the leather industry were forecasted.
Graphical abstract
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Andreica BI, Cheng X, Marin L. Quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan. A critical overview on the synthesis and properties generated by quaternization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ding H, Li B, Liu Z, Liu G, Pu S, Feng Y, Jia D, Zhou Y. Nonswelling injectable chitosan hydrogel via UV crosslinking induced hydrophobic effect for minimally invasive tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117143. [PMID: 33183602 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Injectable chitosan hydrogels exhibit excellent biological properties for application in biomedical engineering, however most of these hydrogels have limited applicability because "Swelling" can induce volume expansion of conventional hydrogels implanted in the body damages the surrounding tissues. Here, we report a new "Nonswelling" pentenyl chitosan (PTL-CS) hydrogel via N‒acylation reaction to graft an UV crosslinkable short hydrophobic alkyl chain (n‒pentenyl groups). The incorporated pentenyl groups can be crosslinked by UV irradiation to form hydrophobic chains via combination termination, which generate strong hydrophobic effect to extrude the excess water in hydrogel, resulting in a "Nonswelling" state at biological temperature. Furthermore, the PTL-CS solution showed no cytotoxicity in vitro and minimally invasive treatment in vivo demonstrated the PTL-CS hydrogel no adverse effects in a rat model. The nonswelling injectable and UV crosslinkable chitosan hydrogel hold potential applications in smart biomaterials and biological engineering as well as providing a new natural hydrogel in minimally invasive tissue engineering..
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Ding
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Zonglin Liu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Institution, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
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Quaternary Ammonium Chitosans: The Importance of the Positive Fixed Charge of the Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186617. [PMID: 32927715 PMCID: PMC7555869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a natural polysaccharide, chitosan has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biosecurity. The hydroxyl and amino groups present in its structure make it an extremely versatile and chemically modifiable material. In recent years, various synthetic strategies have been used to modify chitosan, mainly to solve the problem of its insolubility in neutral physiological fluids. Thus, derivatives with negative or positive fixed charge were synthesized and used to prepare innovative drug delivery systems. Positively charged conjugates showed improved properties compared to unmodified chitosan. In this review the main quaternary ammonium derivatives of chitosan will be considered, their preparation and their applications will be described to evaluate the impact of the positive fixed charge on the improvement of the properties of the drug delivery systems based on these polymers. Furthermore, the performances of the proposed systems resulting from in vitro and ex vivo experiments will be taken into consideration, with particular attention to cytotoxicity of systems, and their ability to promote drug absorption.
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Tian B, Hua S, Tian Y, Liu J. Chemical and physical chitosan hydrogels as prospective carriers for drug delivery: a review. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10050-10064. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01869d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and discusses recent research progress in chemical and physical chitosan hydrogels for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Xinjiang University
- Urumchi 830046
- China
| | - Shiyao Hua
- School of Pharmacy
- Ningxia Medical University
- Yinchuan 750004
- China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Computer Science and Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Ningxia Medical University
- Yinchuan 750004
- China
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Pace LR, Harrison ZL, Brown MN, Haggard WO, Jennings JA. Characterization and Antibiofilm Activity of Mannitol-Chitosan-Blended Paste for Local Antibiotic Delivery System. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090517. [PMID: 31480687 PMCID: PMC6780707 DOI: 10.3390/md17090517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannitol, a polyalcohol bacterial metabolite, has been shown to activate dormant persister cells within bacterial biofilm. This study sought to evaluate an injectable blend of mannitol, chitosan, and polyethylene glycol for delivery of antibiotics and mannitol for eradication of Staphylococcal biofilm. Mannitol blends were injectable and had decreased dissociation and degradation in the enzyme lysozyme compared to blends without mannitol. Vancomycin and amikacin eluted in a burst response, with active concentrations extended to seven days compared to five days for blends without mannitol. Mannitol eluted from the paste in a burst the first day and continued through Day 4. Eluates from the mannitol pastes with and without antibiotics decreased viability of established S. aureus biofilm by up to 95.5% compared to blends without mannitol, which only decreased biofilm when loaded with antibiotics. Cytocompatibility tests indicated no adverse effects on viability of fibroblasts. In vivo evaluation of inflammatory response revealed mannitol blends scored within the 2–4 range at Week 1 (2.6 ± 1.1) and at Week 4 (3.0 ± 0.8), indicative of moderate inflammation and comparable to non-mannitol pastes (p = 0.065). Clinically, this paste could be loaded with clinician-selected antibiotics and used as an adjunctive therapy for musculoskeletal infection prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Pace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Zoe L Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Madison N Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Warren O Haggard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - J Amber Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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