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Majid N, Siddiqi MK, Hassan MN, Malik S, Khan S, Khan RH. Inhibition of primary and secondary nucleation alongwith disruption of amyloid fibrils and alleviation of associated cytotoxicity: A biophysical insight of a novel property of Chlorpropamide (an anti-diabetic drug). BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213450. [PMID: 37148596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of physiologically synthesized soluble proteins to insoluble, cytotoxic fibrils is a pre-requisite for pathogenesis of amyloid associated disorders including Alzheimer's disease, non-systemic amyloidosis, Parkinson's disease, etc. Considerable advancement has been made to understand the mechanism behind aggregation process but till date we have no efficient cure and preventive therapy for associated diseases. Strategies to prevent protein aggregation are nevertheless many which have been proved promisingly successful in vitro. One of those is repurposing already approved drugs that saves time and money too and has been employed in this study. Here, for the first time we are reporting the effectiveness of an anti-diabetic drug chlorpropamide (CHL) under dosage conditions, a novel property to inhibit aggregation in human lysozyme (HL) in vitro. Spectroscopic (Turbidity, RLS, ThT, DLS, ANS) and microscopic (CLSM) results demonstrates that CHL has the potency to suppress aggregation in HL up to 70 %. CHL is shown to affect the elongation of fibrils with IC50 value of 88.5 μM as clear from the kinetics results, may be by interacting near/with aggregation prone regions of HL. Hemolytic assay also revealed the reduced cytotoxicity in the presence of CHL. Disruption of amyloid fibrils and inhibition of secondary nucleation in the presence of CHL was also evidenced by ThT, CD and CLSM results with reduced cytotoxicity as confirmed by hemolytic assay. We also performed preliminary studies on α-synuclein fibrillation inhibition and surprisingly found that CHL is not just inhibiting the fibrillation but also stabilizing the protein in its native state. These findings insinuate that CHL (anti-diabetic) possess multiple roles and can be a promising drug for developing therapeutic against non-systemic amyloidosis, Parkinson's disease and other amyloid associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Siddiqi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Md Nadir Hassan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Seema Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Altwaijry N, Almutairi GS, Khan MS, Alokail MS, Alafaleq N, Ali R. The effect of novel antihypertensive drug valsartan on lysozyme aggregation: A combined in situ and in silico study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15270. [PMID: 37123968 PMCID: PMC10130856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding can result in amyloid fiber aggregation, which is associated with various types of diseases. Therefore, preventing or treating abnormally folded proteins may provide therapeutic intervention for these diseases. Valsartan (VAL) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is used to treat hypertension. In this study, we examine the anti-aggregating effect of VAL against hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid fibrils through spectroscopy, docking, and microscopic analysis. In vitro formation of HEWL amyloid fibrils was indicated by increased turbidity, RLS (Rayleigh light scattering), and ThT fluorescence intensity. 10 μM VAL, amyloid/aggregation was inhibited up to 83% and 72% as measured by ThT and RLS respectively. In contrast, 100 μM VAL significantly increases the fibril aggregation of HEWL. CD spectroscopy results show a stabilization of HEWL α-helical structures in the presence of 10 μM VAL while the increase in β-sheet was detected at 100 μM concentration of VAL. The hydrophobicity of HEWL was increased at 100 μM VAL, suggesting the promotion of aggregation via its self-association. Steady-state quenching revealed that VAL and HEWL interact spontaneously via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate that the needle-like fibers of HEWL amyloid were reduced at 10 μM VAL, while at 100 μM the fibrils of amyloid were increased. Additionally, our computational studies showed that VAL could bind to two binding sites within HEWL. In the BS-1 domain of HEWL, VAL binds to ASN59, ILE98, ILE58, TRP108, VAL109, SER50, ASP52, ASN59, ALA107, and TRP108 residues with a binding energy of -9.72 kcal mol-1. Also, it binds to GLU7, ALA10, ALA11, CYS6, ARG128, and ARG14 in the BS-2 domain with a binding energy of -5.89 kcal mol-1. VAL, therefore, appears to have dual effect against HEWL aggregation. We suggest that VAL stabilizes HEWL's aggregation-prone region (APR) at 10 μM, preventing aggregation. Also, we assume that at 100 μM, VAL occupies BS-2 beside BS-1 and destabilizes the folding structure of HEWL, resulting in aggregation. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of action and determine its potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ghaliah S. Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahhnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Majed S. Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alafaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- King Abdullah International Medial Research Center (KAIMRC), Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Antihypertensive Drug (Chlorothiazide) on Fibrillation of Lysozyme: A Combined Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043112. [PMID: 36834523 PMCID: PMC9959601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils abnormally accumulate together in the human body under certain conditions, which can result in lethal conditions. Thus, blocking this aggregation may prevent or treat this disease. Chlorothiazide (CTZ) is a diuretic and is used to treat hypertension. Several previous studies suggest that diuretics prevent amyloid-related diseases and reduce amyloid aggregation. Thus, in this study we examine the effects of CTZ on hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) aggregation using spectroscopic, docking, and microscopic approaches. Our results showed that under protein misfolding conditions of 55 °C, pH 2.0, and 600 rpm agitation, HEWL aggregated as evidenced by the increased turbidity and Rayleigh light scattering (RLS). Furthermore, thioflavin-T, as well as trans electron microscope (TEM) analysis confirmed the formation of amyloid structures. An anti-aggregation effect of CTZ is observed on HEWL aggregations. Circular dichroism (CD), TEM, and Thioflavin-T fluorescence show that both CTZ concentrations reduce the formation of amyloid fibrils as compared to fibrillated. The turbidity, RLS, and ANS fluorescence increase with CTZ increasing. This increase is attributed to the formation of a soluble aggregation. As evidenced by CD analysis, there was no significant difference in α-helix content and β-sheet content between at 10 µM CTZ and 100 µM. A TEM analysis of HEWL coincubated with CTZ at different concentrations validated all the above-mentioned results. The TEM results show that CTZ induces morphological changes in the typical structure of amyloid fibrils. The steady-state quenching study demonstrated that CTZ and HEWL bind spontaneously via hydrophobic interactions. HEWL-CTZ also interacts dynamically with changes in the environment surrounding tryptophan. Computational results revealed the binding of CTZ to ILE98, GLN57, ASP52, TRP108, TRP63, TRP63, ILE58, and ALA107 residues in HEWL via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with a binding energy of -6.58 kcal mol-1. We suggest that at 10 µM and 100 μM, CTZ binds to the aggregation-prone region (APR) of HEWL and stabilizes it, thus preventing aggregation. Based on these findings, we can conclude that CTZ has antiamyloidogenic activity and can prevent fibril aggregation.
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Proteostasis Response to Protein Misfolding in Controlled Hypertension. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101686. [PMID: 35626723 PMCID: PMC9139827 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most determinant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Early intervention and future therapies targeting hypertension mechanisms may improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes. Hypertension has a complex multifactorial aetiology and was recently associated with protein homeostasis (proteostasis). This work aimed to characterize proteostasis in easy-to-access plasma samples from 40 individuals, 20 with controlled hypertension and 20 age- and gender-matched normotensive individuals. Proteostasis was evaluated by quantifying the levels of protein aggregates through different techniques, including fluorescent probes, slot blot immunoassays and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). No significant between-group differences were observed in the absolute levels of various protein aggregates (Proteostat or Thioflavin T-stained aggregates; prefibrillar oligomers and fibrils) or total levels of proteostasis-related proteins (Ubiquitin and Clusterin). However, significant positive associations between Endothelin 1 and protein aggregation or proteostasis biomarkers (such as fibrils and ubiquitin) were only observed in the hypertension group. The same is true for the association between the proteins involved in quality control and protein aggregates. These results suggest that proteostasis mechanisms are actively engaged in hypertension as a coping mechanism to counteract its pathological effects in proteome stability, even when individuals are chronically medicated and presenting controlled blood pressure levels.
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Shared Molecular Targets in Parkinson’s Disease and Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030653. [PMID: 35327454 PMCID: PMC8945026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Parkinson’s disease and arterial hypertension are likely to coexist in the elderly, with possible bidirectional interactions. We aimed to assess the role of antihypertensive agents in PD emergence and/or progression. (2) We performed a systematic search on the PubMed database. Studies enrolling patients with Parkinson’s disease who underwent treatment with drugs pertaining to one of the major antihypertensive drug classes (β-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium-channel blockers) prior to or after the diagnosis of parkinsonism were scrutinized. We divided the outcome into two categories: neuroprotective and disease-modifying effect. (3) We included 20 studies in the qualitative synthesis, out of which the majority were observational studies, with only one randomized controlled trial. There are conflicting results regarding the effect of antihypertensive drugs on Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, mainly because of heterogeneous protocols and population. (4) Conclusions: There is low quality evidence that antihypertensive agents might be potential therapeutic targets in Parkinson’s disease, but this hypothesis needs further testing.
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Khan AN, Qureshi IA, Khan UK, Uversky VN, Khan RH. Inhibition and disruption of amyloid formation by the antibiotic levofloxacin: A new direction for antibiotics in an era of multi-drug resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 714:109077. [PMID: 34728171 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of debilitating maladies involving protein aggregation. To this day, all advances in neurodegenerative disease therapeutics have helped symptomatically but have not prevented the root cause of the disease, i.e., the aggregation of involved proteins. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly obsolete due to the rising multidrug resistance strains of bacteria. Thus, antibiotics, if put to different use as therapeutics against other diseases, could pave a new direction to the world of antibiotics. Hence, we studied the antibiotic levofloxacin for its potential anti-amyloidogenic behavior using human lysozyme, a protein involved in non-systemic amyloidosis, as a model system. At the sub-stoichiometric level, levofloxacin was able to inhibit amyloid formation in human lysozyme as observed by various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, with IC50 values as low as 8.8 ± 0.1 μM. Levofloxacin also displayed a retarding effect on seeding phenomena by elongating the lag-phase (from 0 to 88 h) at lower concentration, and arresting lysozyme fibrillation at the lag stage in sub-stoichiometric concentrations. Structural and computational analyses provided mechanistic insight showing that levofloxacin stabilizes the lysozyme in the native state by binding to the aggregation-prone residues, and thereby inhibiting amyloid fibrillation. Levofloxacin also showed the property of disrupting amyloid fibrils into a smaller polymeric form of proteins which were less cytotoxic as confirmed by hemolytic assay. Therefore, we throw new light on levofloxacin as an amyloid inhibitor and disruptor which could pave way to utilization of levofloxacin as a potential therapeutic against non-systemic amyloidosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Insaf Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Jin L, Liu C, Zhang N, Zhang R, Yan M, Bhunia A, Zhang Q, Liu M, Han J, Siebert HC. Attenuation of Human Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by ACE Inhibitor Captopril: A Combined Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Cytotoxicity, and Docking Study. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1910-1920. [PMID: 33844512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding proteins could form oligomers or amyloid fibers, which can cause a variety of amyloid-associated diseases. Thus, the inhibition of protein misfolding and fibrillation is a promising way to prevent and treat these diseases. Captopril (CAP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) that is widely used to treat diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. In this study, we found that CAP inhibits human lysozyme (HL) fibrillation through the combination techniques of biophysics and biochemistry. The data obtained by thioflavin-T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) assays showed that CAP hindered the aggregation of HL amyloid fibrils by reducing the β-sheet structure of HL amyloid, with an IC50 value of 34.75 ± 1.23 μM. Meanwhile, the particle size of HL amyloid decreased sharply in a concentration-dependent approach after CAP treatment. According to the visualization of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we verified that in the presence of CAP, the needle-like fibers of HL amyloid were significantly reduced. In addition, CAP incubation dramatically improved the cell survival rate exposed to HL fibers. Our studies also revealed that CAP could form hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Glu 35 and Ala 108 in the binding pocket of HL, which help in maintaining the α-helical structure of HL and then prevent the formation of amyloid fibrillation. It can be concluded that CAP has antiamyloidogenic activity and a protective effect on HL amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), 700054 Kolkata, India
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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Chen X, Deng X, Han X, Liang Y, Meng Z, Liu R, Su W, Zhu H, Fu T. Inhibition of Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by Silybin Diastereoisomers: The Effects of Stereochemistry. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3307-3318. [PMID: 33553948 PMCID: PMC7860231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silybin is a flavonoid lignin compound consisting of two diastereomers with nearly equal molar ratios. It has been reported that silybin can effectively inhibit the aggregation of amyloid protein, but the difference between the two silybin diastereomers has been rarely studied. In this work, the inhibitory ability of silybin to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was demonstrated, and the difference of kinetic parameters of two diastereomers was analyzed. Fluorescence quenching titration was utilized to analyze the binding differences to native HEWL between the diastereomers, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to analyze the characteristics of the surface of various samples. The differences between hydrophobicity and the secondary structure among several HEWL samples were measured by the 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic (ANS) acid fluorescence probe, Raman spectra, and far-UV circular dichroism. Moreover, the differences in the binding energy of these two diastereomers with HEWL were analyzed by molecular docking. Also, we have investigated the effect of silybin diastereomers on HEWL fibril-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Results show that silybin has a certain inhibitory effect on the HEWL fibrillogenesis process, while silybin B (SB) has a more significant inhibitory effect than silybin A (SA), especially at high concentrations. This work provides some insights into the screening of amyloid inhibitors from complicated natural products and indicates that SB has the prospect of further development as an amyloid inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaomin Deng
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinmei Liang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiping Meng
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenqiang Su
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
- Separation
Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Plant
Medicine Research and Technological Development Center of Jiangsu
Province, Nanjing 210023, China
- Separation
Engineering of Chinese Traditional Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Lu JJ, Zhou FM, Hu XJ, Fang JJ, Liu CX, Zhu BQ, Ding ZS. Molecular docking simulation and in vitro studies on estrogenic activities of flavonoids from leaves of Carya cathayensis Sarg. Steroids 2020; 163:108726. [PMID: 32889051 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the estrogenic properties of total flavonoids (TFs) and five flavonoid monomers (cardamonin (Car), pinostrobin chalcone (PC), wogonin (Wo), chrysin (Chr) and Pinocembrin (PI)) from leaves of Carya cathayensis Sarg (LCC). TFs from LCC were isolated and determined using HPLC. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were performed to assess the effects of flavonoids on cell proliferation and cell cycle, respectively. The molecular docking technique was applied to investigate binding conformations of the monomers from LCC to the estrogen receptor ERα and ERβ. Gene and protein expression patterns were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The results showed that TFs, Car, PC, Wo and Chr promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells and cell transition from the G1 to S phase, and inhabitation of MCF-7 cell proliferation was observed after the treatment of PI. Molecular docking studies confirmed ERs as molecular targets for the monomers. TFs, Car, PC, Wo and Chr from LCC promoted gene expression of ERα, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR) and pS2. Our collective results demonstrated that TFs and monomers from LCC may exert ER agonist activity through competitively bind to ER, inducing ER upregulation and active ER to estrogen response element (ERE)- independent gene regulation. As an abundant natural product, LCC may provide a novel medicinal source for treatment of diseases caused by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Jiao Hu
- Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Fang
- Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Jin L, Gao W, Liu C, Zhang N, Mukherjee S, Zhang R, Dong H, Bhunia A, Bednarikova Z, Gazova Z, Liu M, Han J, Siebert HC. Investigating the inhibitory effects of entacapone on amyloid fibril formation of human lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1393-1404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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