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Ju R, Han B, Han F, Peng Y. Efficient Expression and Characterization of an Endo-Type Lyase HCLase_M28 and Its Gradual Scale-Up Fermentation for the Preparation of Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04878-7. [PMID: 38386140 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) lyases have been critical in structural and functional studies of GAGs. HCLase_M28, a lyase identified from the genome of Microbacterium sp. M28 was heterologously expressed, enzymatically characterized, and prepared in large-scale fermentation for the production of chondroitin sulfate (CS) oligosaccharides. Results showed that the expression of HCLase_M28 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)-pET24a-HCLase_M28opt1 and Bacillus subtilis W800-pSTOP1622-HCLase_M28opt2 were 108-fold and 25-fold that of wide strain. The optimal lytic reaction of HCLase_M28 happened in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2) at 50 °C with a specific activity of 190.9 U/mg toward CS-A. The degrading activity was slightly simulated in presence of 1 mM Ca2+ and Mn2+ while severely inhibited by Hg+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and SDS. TLC and ESI-MS analysis proved HCLase_M28 was an endolytic lyase and degraded CS and hyaluronic acid into unsaturated disaccharides. Through a gradual scale-up of fermentation in 5 L, 100 L, and 1000 L, a highly efficient intracellular expression of HCLase_M28 with an activity of 3.88 × 105 U/L achieved within a 34 h of cultivation. Through ultrafiltration, CS oligosaccharides with DP of 2 to 8 as the main components could be controllably prepared. The successful large-scale fermentation made HCLase_M28 a promising enzyme for industrial production of CS oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibao Ju
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Kheirollahi A, Sadeghi S, Orandi S, Moayedi K, Khajeh K, Khoobi M, Golestani A. Chondroitinase as a therapeutic enzyme: Prospects and challenges. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110348. [PMID: 37898093 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The chondroitinases (Chase) are bacterial lyases that specifically digest chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans via a β-elimination reaction and generate unsaturated disaccharides. In recent decades, these enzymes have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their potential applications in various aspects of medicine from the treatment of spinal cord injury to use as an analytical tool. In spite of this diverse spectrum, the application of Chase is faced with several limitations and challenges such as thermal instability and lack of a suitable delivery system. In the current review, we address potential therapeutic applications of Chase with emphasis on the challenges ahead. Then, we summarize the latest achievements to overcome the problems by considering the studies carried out in the field of enzyme engineering, drug delivery, and combination-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Orandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Moayedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan QF, Ouyang WW, Zhang MQ, He S, Yang SY, Zhang J. Chondroitin polymerizing factor predicts a poor prognosis and promotes breast cancer progression via the upstream TGF-β1/SMAD3 and JNK axis activation. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:89-102. [PMID: 36042157 PMCID: PMC10030767 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant composition of glycans in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS). It is also correlated to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression, a crucial mediator in the interaction of cancer cells with TME. In this study, we investigated the association of CHPF expression with the clinicopathological features of breast cancer (BRCA), as well the oncogenic effect and the underling mechanisms of CHPF upon BRCA cells. We found that CHPF expression is significantly increased in human BRCA tissues, and it is positively associated with TGF-β expression (r = 0.7125). The high-expression of CHPF predicts a poor prognosis and is positively correlated with tumor mass, lymph node metastasis, clinical staging and HER-2 negative-expression. The mechanistic study revealed that it promotes BRCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion through TGF-β1-induced SMAD3 and JNK activation in vitro, JNK (SP600125) or SMAD3 (SIS3) inhibitor can remove the promotion of CHPF upon cell proliferation, migration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells, which is derived from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Collectively, our finding suggested CHPF may function as an oncogene and is highly expressed in human BRCA tissues. Pharmacological blockade of the upstream of JNK or SMAD3 signaling may provide a novel therapeutic target for refractory TNBC patients with CHPF abnormal high-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Feng Pan
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Shuo He
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Si-Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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YsHyl8A, an Alkalophilic Cold-Adapted Glycosaminoglycan Lyase Cloned from Pathogenic Yersinia sp. 298. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092897. [PMID: 35566248 PMCID: PMC9105423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A high enzyme-yield strain Yersinia sp. 298 was screened from marine bacteria harvested from the coastal water. The screening conditions were extensive, utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA)/chondroitin sulfate (CS) as the carbon source. A coding gene yshyl8A of the family 8 polysaccharide lyase (PL8) was cloned from the genome of Yersinia sp. 298 and subjected to recombinant expression. The specific activity of the recombinase YsHyl8A was 11.19 U/mg, with an optimal reaction temperature of 40 °C and 50% of its specific activity remaining after thermal incubation at 30 °C for 1 h. In addition, its optimal reaction pH was 7.5, and while it was most stable at pH 6.0 in Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer, it remained highly stable at pH 6.0–11.0. Further, its enzymatic activity was increased five-fold with 0.1 M NaCl. YsHyl8A, as an endo-lyase, can degrade both HA and CS, producing disaccharide end-products. These properties suggested that YsHyl8A possessed both significant alkalophilic and cold-adapted features while being dependent on NaCl, likely resulting from its marine source. Yersinia is a typical fish pathogen, with glycosaminoglycan lyase (GAG lyase) as a potential pathogenic factor, exhibiting strong hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activity. Further research on the pathogenic mechanism of GAG lyase may benefit the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li J, Du G, Kang Z. Engineering a thermostable chondroitinase for production of specifically distributed low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000321. [PMID: 33350041 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitinase ABC I (csABC I) has attracted intensive attention because of its great potential in heparin refining and the enzymatic preparation of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (LMW-CS). However, low thermal resistance (<30℃) restricts its applications. Herein, structure-guided and sequence-assisted combinatorial engineering approaches were applied to improve the thermal resistance of Proteus vulgaris csABC I. By integrating the deletion of the flexible fragment R166-L170 at the N-terminal domain and the mutation of E694P at the C-terminal domain, variant NΔ5/E694P exhibited 247-fold improvement of its half-life at 37℃ and a 2.3-fold increase in the specific activity. Through batch fermentation in a 3-L fermenter, the expression of variant NΔ5/E694P in an Escherichia coli host reached 1.7 g L-1 with the activity of 1.0 × 105 U L-1 . Finally, the enzymatic approach for the preparation of LMW-CS was established. By modulating enzyme concentration and controlling depolymerization time, specifically distributed LMW-CS (7000, 3400, and 1900 Da) with low polydispersity was produced, demonstrating the applicability of these processes for the industrial production of LMW-CS in a more environmentally friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Wang X, Li F, Han M, Jia S, Wang L, Qiao X, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L, Li Y, Xu YG. Cloning, Prokaryotic Soluble Expression, and Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Two Novel Feline IFN-ω Proteins. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030335. [PMID: 32204464 PMCID: PMC7150924 DOI: 10.3390/v12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats are becoming more popular as household companions and pets, forming close relationships with humans. Although feline viral diseases can pose serious health hazards to pet cats, commercialized preventative vaccines are lacking. Interferons (IFNs), especially type I IFNs (IFN-α, IFN-β, and interferon omega (IFN-ω)), have been explored as effective therapeutic drugs against viral diseases in cats. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding feline IFN-ω (feIFN-ω), compared to IFN-α and IFN-β. In this study, we cloned the genes encoding feIFN-ωa and feIFN-ωb from cat spleen lymphocytes. Homology and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that these two genes belonged to new subtypes of feIFN-ω. The recombinant feIFN-ωa and feIFN-ωb proteins were expressed in their soluble forms in Escherichia coli, followed by purification. Both proteins exhibited effective anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activity in Vero, F81 (feline kidney cell), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), and porcine kidney (PK-15) cells, showing broader cross-species antiviral activity than the INTERCAT IFN antiviral drug. Furthermore, the recombinant feIFN-ωa and feIFN-ωb proteins demonstrated antiviral activity against VSV, feline coronavirus (FCoV), canine parvovirus (CPV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), indicating better broad-spectrum antiviral activity than the INTERCAT IFN. The two novel feIFN-ω proteins (feIFN-ωa and feIFN-ωb) described in this study show promising potential to serve as effective therapeutic agents for treating viral infections in pet cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fengsai Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meijing Han
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi-Gang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (F.L.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (Y.J.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.L.)
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-55190824
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