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Saravanakumar K, Li Z, Kim Y, Park S, Keon K, Lee CM, Ahn G, Cho N. Fucoidan-coated cotton dressing functionalized with biomolecules capped silver nanoparticles (LB-Ag NPs-FN-OCG) for rapid healing therapy of infected wounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118004. [PMID: 38145732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of pathogenic microbes poses a significant clinical barrier that hinders the physiological wound-healing process. Addressing this challenge, we developed a novel wound dressing using a modified cotton gauze dressing coated with fucoidan and functionalized with silver nanoparticles (LB-Ag NPs-FN-OCG) for the rapid treatment of infected wounds. Firstly, phytochemical-capped LB-Ag NPs were synthesized and characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis. Secondly, different concentrations of LB-Ag NPs (0.1%-1%) were functionalized into FN-OCG to identify appropriate concentrations that were non-toxic with superior antibacterial activities. Screening assays, including antibacterial, hemolysis, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and cytotoxicity assay, revealed that LB-Ag NPs (0.5%)-FN-OCG were non-toxic and demonstrated greater efficiency in inhibiting bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) and promoting fibroblast cell (NIH3T3) migration. In vivo assays revealed that LB-Ag NPs (0.5%)-FN-OCG treatment exhibited excellent wound healing activity (99.73 ± 0.01%) compared to other treatments by inhibiting bacterial colonization, maintaining the blood parameters, developing granulation tissue, new blood vessels, and collagen deposition. Overall, this study highlights that LB-Ag NPs (0.5%)-FN-OCG serve as a antibacterial wound dressing for infected wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Zijun Li
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Yebon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - SeonJu Park
- Seoul Metropolitan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 03759, South Korea.
| | - Kim Keon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea.
| | - Namki Cho
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Ding Y, Zhong B, Yang T, Zhang F, Liu C, Chi Z. Carboxyl-modified nanocellulose (cNC) enhances the stability of cNC/pullulan bio-nanocomposite hard capsule against moisture variation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121706. [PMID: 38220341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The quality of polysaccharide-based films and hard capsules is often affected by changes in relative humidity, manifesting as unstable water content, and changes in mechanical strength that make them brittle or soft. Herein, carboxyl-modified nanocellulose (cNC) was prepared and used as a new component to successfully improve the moisture resistance of cNC/pullulan/high-acyl gellan bio-nanocomposite hard capsules (NCPGs). Homogenously dispersed cNC in the pullulan/high-acyl gellan matrix could render the formation of more hydrogen bonds that provided additional water-binding sites and limited the free movement of pullulan and high-acyl gellan molecular chains within NCPGs. This contributed to a decreased amount of pooling adsorption water and an increased amount of Langmuir adsorption water in NCPGs, as compared to pullulan/high-acyl gellan hard capsules (PGs) without cNC. Therefore, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values of NCPGs decreased at 83 % relative humidity and increased at 23 % relative humidity compared to those of PGs. Together with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties, NCPGs effectively protected encapsulated amoxicillin and probiotic powder from changes in the outside humidity. Additionally, NCPGs exhibited faster drug release. This study presents a new mechanism and strategy for fabricating films and hard capsules with enhanced stability against moisture variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Bocun Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Tenglin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Fenglong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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Meng Y, Wang Y, Guo W, Lei K, Chen Z, Xu H, Wang A, Xu Q, Liu J, Zeng Q. Analysis of the relationship between color and natural pigments of tobacco leaves during curing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:166. [PMID: 38167588 PMCID: PMC10762081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Color is one of the most important indicators for the flue-cured tobacco quality. The color change of tobacco has a great relationship with the natural pigments in the tobacco. The relationship between color characteristics and the content of natural pigments in tobacco leaves during curing was investigated. The middle part of variety K326 tobacco was taken at each key time point during the curing process to determine the changes of color characteristics, moisture, pigment and polyphenol content. The results showed that moisture content of wet basis of tobacco gradually decreased from 72 to 18% during the curing process, the b* value increased and then decreased, and the a* value increased significantly. The lutein and β-carotene content decreased to 63.83 μg/g and 28.3 μg/g, respectively. The total polyphenols content increased to 50.19 mg/g. Meanwhile, the a* value was significantly and positively correlated with polyphenols content and negatively correlated with pigments content. Cluster analysis showed that the samples were divided into three categories: samples with the curing time of 0 h, 24-72 h, and 84-132 h. These results demonstrated that the color change of tobacco during curing process can be divided into three stages from the perspective of chemical composition, which are strongly related to the degradation of pigments and the transformation of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Province Wheat-Flour Staple Food Engineering Technology Research Centre, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Weimin Guo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ke Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zuxiao Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Nanping Branch of Fujian Provincial Tobacco Company, Nanping, 353000, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Yang S, Yang Z, Zheng T, Li P, Zhou Q, Cai W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ji X, Li D. Effects of a novel microbial fermentation medium produced by Tremella aurantialba SCT-F3 on cigar filler leaf. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267916. [PMID: 37808308 PMCID: PMC10556473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adding a fermentation medium is an effective way to improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Methods A novel microbial fermentation medium produced by an edible medicinal fungus, Tremella aurantialba SCT-F3 (CGMCC No.23831) was used to improve the quality of cigar filler leaves (CFLs). Changes in sensory quality, chemical components, volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), and the structure and function of microbes were investigated during the fermentation process. Results The sensory quality of CFLs supplemented with the T. aurantialba SCT-F3 fermentation medium significantly improved. Adding the fermentation medium increased the total alkaloid, reducing sugar, total sugar, and 12 VFCs significantly. A total of 31 microbial genera were significantly enriched, which increased the microbial community's richness and diversity. Microbial functions increased, including nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, nicotine degradation, and nicotinate degradation. During fermentation, the total alkaloid, reducing sugar, and total sugar content decreased. The richness and diversity of the microbial community decreased, whereas bacterial enzyme activity increased. At the end of fermentation, the sensory quality was excellent. The microbial structure gradually stabilized, and functional genes were low. The contents of the four Maillard reaction products and three nicotine degradation products increased significantly. 2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, methylpyrazine, D,L-anatabine, β-nicotyrine, nicotinic degradation products, and total nitrogen were significantly and positively correlated with sensory quality. Methylpyrazine, D,L-anatabine, and β-nicotyrine were negatively correlated with Luteimonas, Mitochondria, Paracoccus, Stemphylium, and Stenotrophomonas. Conclusion This research provides not only a new microbial fermentation medium that utilizes edible and medicinal fungi to improve the quality of fermented CFLs, but also new ideas for the development and application of other edible medicinal fungi to improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zhang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Tianfei Zheng
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pinhe Li
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Ji
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
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5
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Fan W, Tian H, Chen H, Chu W, Han L, Li P, Gao Z, Ji X, Lai M. Moisture Property and Thermal Behavior of Two Novel Synthesized Polyol Pyrrole Esters in Tobacco. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4716-4726. [PMID: 36777589 PMCID: PMC9910070 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the shortcomings of high relative humidity and harmful oxidation products from traditional humectants, excellent humectants and flavor precursors were reported herein. Glucosamine hydrochloride was used as the starting material for the cyclization, oxidation, and alkylation processes that produced pyrrole acid. Then, esterification occurred with polyol catalyzed by EDC and DMAP to give the target compounds 2-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) 4-methyl 5-methyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylate (Gpe) and (2-hydroxypropyl) 4-methyl 5-methyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylate (Ppe). Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high-resolution mass recorded spectrometry (HRMS) were used to confirm the two novel polyol pyrrole ester compounds. When Gpe and Ppe were added to the tobacco shred, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) imaging was applied to assess the hygroscopicity and moisturizing capacity. Furthermore, thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) techniques were applied to study their thermal behaviors. These results showed that the target compounds (Gpe and Ppe) are good humectants with thermal properties of high-temperature stability and flavor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Fan
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology
Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,
Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenjuan Chu
- Technology
Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,
Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lu Han
- Technology
Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,
Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziting Gao
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors
and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan
Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan
Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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6
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Yin M, Yuan Y, Chen M, Liu F, Saqib MN, Chiou BS, Zhong F. The dual effect of shellac on survival of spray-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG microcapsules. Food Chem 2022; 389:132999. [PMID: 35552127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock and hygroscopicity are two main factors that resulted in low viability of probiotics in spray-dried microcapsules during storage. Hydrophobic polyester shellac was combined with whey protein isolate (WPI) to solve this problem. The results suggested that although the survival rate after drying decreased from 20.63% to 0.01% with increased shellac to WPI ratio, the 1:1 shellac-WPI provided the best protection among all samples during storage. The consistence between moisture-adsorption-isotherm and bacterial inactivation constants confirmed the moisture barrier effect of shellac under moderate humidity. Single-droplet drying and differential scanning calorimeter revealed that shellac addition reduced the drying rate and glass transition temperature of microcapsules, which in turn decreased the membrane integrity and growth capability of the probiotics after drying. This study revealed the dual effect of hydrophobic material on instant and long-term survival of spray-dried probiotic microcapsules, which provided new sight to the design of composite wall materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongkai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maoshen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Md Nazmus Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bor-Sen Chiou
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, U.S, Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, United States
| | - Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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7
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Wei Y, Yang X, Jiang S, Liang H, Li B, Li J. Anti-hygroscopic effect of wheat gluten on freeze-dried apple powder. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Yu L, Wang Y, Tang Q, Zhang R, Zhang D, Zhu G. Structural Characterization of a Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Tuber Polysaccharide and Its Contribution to Moisture Retention and Moisture-Proofing of Porous Carbohydrate Material. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155015. [PMID: 35956965 PMCID: PMC9370567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous carbohydrate materials such as tobacco shreds readily absorb moisture and become damp during processing, storage, and consumption (smoking). Traditional humectants have the ability of moisture retention but moisture-proofing is poor. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PCP 85−1−1) was separated by fractional precipitation and was purified by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The average molecular weight (Mw) of PCP 85−1−1 was 2.88 × 103 Da. The monosaccharide composition implied that PCP 85−1−1 consisted of fucose, glucose, and fructose, and the molar ratio was 22.73:33.63:43.65. When 2% PCP 85−1−1 was added to tobacco shreds, the ability of moisture retention and moisture-proofing were significantly enhanced. The moisture retention index (MRI) and moisture-proofing index (MPI) increased from 1.95 and 1.67 to 2.11 and 2.14, respectively. Additionally, the effects of PCP 85−1−1 on the aroma and taste of tobacco shreds were evaluated by electronic tongue and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These results indicated that PCP 85−1−1 had the characteristics of preventing water absorption under high relative humidity and moisturizing under dry conditions. The problem that traditional humectants are poorly moisture-proof was solved. PCP 85−1−1 can be utilized as a natural humectant on porous carbohydrates, which provides a reference for its development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13501687790
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Guangyong Zhu
- Department of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
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Yang C, Liu G, Chen J, Zeng B, Shen T, Qiu D, Huang C, Li L, Chen D, Chen J, Mu Z, Deng H, Cai X. Chitosan and polyhexamethylene guanidine dual-functionalized cotton gauze as a versatile bandage for the management of chronic wounds. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119130. [PMID: 35123752 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Development of versatile medical dressing with good immediate and long-lasting antibacterial, hygroscopic and moisturizing abilities is of great significance for management of chronic wounds. Cotton gauze (CG) can protect wounds and promote scabbing, but can cause wound dehydration and loss of biologically active substances, thereby greatly delays wound healing. Herein, a bi-functional CG dressing (CPCG) was developed by chemically grafting polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and physically adsorbing chitosan (CS) onto the CG surface. Due to the powerful microbicidal activity of PHMG, CPCG exhibited excellent immediate and long-lasting antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the abundant hydroxyl and amino groups in CS endowed CPCG with good biocompatibility, moisture absorption, moisturizing and cell scratch healing performances. Importantly, CPCG can be easily fabricated into a bandage to conveniently manage infected full-skin wounds. Together, this study suggests that CPCG is a versatile wound dressing, having enormous application potential for management chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Guofang Liu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, PR China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Bairui Zeng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Tianxi Shen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Dongchao Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Chen Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Dongfan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiale Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Mu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
| | - Hui Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
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10
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He Y, Chen Z, Nie X, Wang D, Zhang Q, Peng T, Zhang C, Wu D, Zhang J. Recent advances in polysaccharides from edible and medicinal Polygonati rhizoma: From bench to market. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:102-116. [PMID: 34896461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the increasing studies have corroborated the biological activities and great market utilization value of polysaccharide fractions derived from Polygonati rhizome, a well-known edible and medicinal plant, Polygonati rhizome polysaccharides (PRPs) still lack sufficient attention. Herein, we make attempt to systematically summarize recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and commercial products of PRPs. Based on the detailed extraction and structural characteristics, the biological activities of PRPs including immune-regulation, anti-osteoporosis, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-diabetes and anti-atherosclerotic, are emphatically summarized, as well as the possible related mechanisms. Most importantly, about 365 kinds of commercial functional foods and over 500 patents related to PRPs as the main raw material were analyzed to explore the status quo and bottleneck for the development and utilization of PRPs. In conclusion, this review will benefit to bridge the gap between basic knowledge and market innovations, and facilitate the in-depth utilization of PRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Pengzhou Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China
| | - Teng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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11
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Li XL, Ma RH, Zhang F, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evolutionary research trend of Polygonatum species: a comprehensive account of their transformation from traditional medicines to functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34669530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in Polygonatum research, there is a huge interest in harnessing the valuable functional ingredients of this genus with the potential for functional foods. This review emphasizes the different aspects of Ploygonatum based research starting from its bioactive compounds, their structural characterization, various extraction methods, as well as biological activities. In view of its integral use as an essential medicinal plant, our review emphasizes on its promising food applications both as an ingredient and as a whole food, and its improved health benefits with potential for agricultural and environmental relevance are also discussed. As we collated the recent research information, we present the main challenges and limitations of the current research trend in this area which can upgrade the further expansion of Polygonatum-related research that will strengthen its economic and accessible nutritional value in the food and health industries. By highlighting the need for the unattended species, this review not only fills existing research gaps, but also encourages the researchers to find new avenues for the natural production of bio-based functional materials and the development of highly functional and health-promoting foods for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Dong C, Xu M, Wang S, Ma M, Akakuru OU, Ding H, Wu A, Zha Z, Wang X, Bi H. Fluorescent carbon dots with excellent moisture retention capability for moisturizing lipstick. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:299. [PMID: 34592992 PMCID: PMC8482577 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting moisture retention is a huge challenge to humectants, and effective methods or additives for promote these functions are limited, especially nano-additives. Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted increasing research interest due to its ultra-small size, excellent optical properties and low toxicity, etc. However, most of researches have been focused on the photoexcited CDs and its subsequent photophysical and chemical processes, such as photoluminescence, photodynamic, photothermal and photocatalytic behavior. The intrinsic chemo-physical properties of the pristine CDs are not fully explored. Here, we report an excellent moisture retention capability of a new carmine cochineal-derived CDs (Car-CDs) for the first time. The relationship between the structure of Car-CDs and its moisture retention capability is revealed. More interestingly, the effective applications of Car-CDs in moisturizing lipstick are demonstrated. This work expands the research and application of CDs into a broad, new area, potentially in skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuna Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Menghui Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ozioma U Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haizhen Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516003, China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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13
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Novel 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Moisture Absorption and Retention Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144238. [PMID: 34299513 PMCID: PMC8307204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a steady increase in interest and demand for the use of humectants based on biodegradable natural polymers in many fields. The aim of this paper is to investigate the moisture absorption and retention properties of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chitosan derivatives which were modified by anionic compounds via ion exchange. FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to demonstrate the specific structures of chitosan derivatives. The degrees of substitution for objective products were calculated by the integral ratio of hydrogen atoms according to 1H NMR spectroscopy. Meanwhile, moisture absorption of specimens was assayed in a desiccator at different relative humidity (RH: 43% and 81%), and all target products exhibited enhanced moisture absorption. Furthermore, moisture retention measurement at different relative humidity (RH: 43%, 81%, and drier silica gel) was estimated, and all target products possessed obviously improved moisture retention property. Specifically, after 48 h later, the moisture retention property of HACBA at 81% RH was 372.34%, which was much higher than HA (180.04%). The present study provided a novel method to synthesize chitosan derivatives with significantly improved moisture absorption and retention properties that would serve as potential humectants in biomedical, food, medicine, and cosmetics fields.
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14
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Li R, Tao A, Yang R, Fan M, Zhang X, Du Z, Shang F, Xia C, Duan B. Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and antidiabetic mechanism of a novel polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110687. [PMID: 33152904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum has been used as a traditional medicine in China. In this study, a novel polysaccharides (PKPs-1) was isolated from P. kingianum and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure. The hypoglycemic activity of PKPs-1was investigated by in vitro assay with the HepG2 cell line and in vivo test using STZ-induced diabetic mice. Results showed that the average molecular weight of PKPs-1 was 14.05 kDa and is composed mainly of glucose and mannose. Methylation analysis indicated that this polysaccharides fraction consisted mainly of β1,2-link glucose. Besides, PKPs-1 exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced mice, improved insulin tolerance, and affected the metabolism of serum lipids. Results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) showed that PKPs-1 significantly increased the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), indicating that PKPs-1 regulates glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study provides new insights for investigating the hypoglycemic effects of PKPs-1 and suggests that PKPs-1 could be a promising functional food or medicine for treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Aien Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaocan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zefei Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Feineng Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Development of Yunnan Daodi Medicinal Materials Resources, Dali, 671000, China.
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15
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Teng Y, Stewart SG, Hai YW, Li X, Banwell MG, Lan P. Sucrose fatty acid esters: synthesis, emulsifying capacities, biological activities and structure-property profiles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3297-3317. [PMID: 32746632 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The notable physical and chemical properties of sucrose fatty acid esters have prompted their use in the chemical industry, especially as surfactants, since 1939. Recently, their now well-recognized value as nutraceuticals and as additives in cosmetics has significantly increased demand for ready access to them. As such a review of current methods for the preparation of sucrose fatty acid esters by both chemical and enzymatic means is warranted and is presented here together with an account of the historical development of these compounds as surfactants (emulsifiers). The somewhat belated recognition of the antimicrobial, anticancer and insecticidal activities of sucrose esters is also discussed along with a commentary on their structure-property profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglai Teng
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Wen Hai
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Research Laboratories, Guangzhou Cardlo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Wang H, Cui H, Wang X, Lin C, Xia S, Hayat K, Hussain S, Tahir MU, Zhang X. Metal complexed-enzymatic hydrolyzed chitosan improves moisture retention of fiber papers by migrating immobilized water to bound state. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115967. [PMID: 32122501 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To obtain chitosan (CTS) with narrower molecular weight distribution, CTS with weight-average molecular weight (MW) of 197.30 kDa was first metal complexed and then degraded into five CTSs with MW of 107.90, 56.48, 10.40, 5.67 (CTS-4) and 3.66 kDa. Decrease of MW did not cause a significant change in chemical structure of the residue CTS, but the crystal structure was transformed significantly. The moisture retention increased firstly and then decreased as the MW of CTS decreased. CTS-4 was superior to CTSs with other MW and propylene glycol in terms of the moisture retention. The lower water activity and increase of net isosteric heat were observed in CTS-4, which was due to the migration of immobilized water to a bound-state caused by mounting newly formed chain-end hydrophilic groups per unit weight. CTS-4 could effectively improve moisture retention, showing a potential to substitute commonly used humectant such as propylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Tahir
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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