1
|
Amadeu CAA, Conti AC, Oliveira CAF, Martelli SM, Vanin FM. Safflower cake as an ingredient for a composite flour development towards a circular economy: extrusion versus conventional mixing. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114609. [PMID: 39059893 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Food waste is responsible for the loss of 1.3 billion tons of food, some of which are related to by-products with great nutritional and energy potential that are still underexplored, such as safflower cake derived from the oil extraction industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating safflower cake (Carthamus tinctorius) and the mixing method used to produce composite wheat-based flour in order to develop a new ingredient. The results were analyzed using ANOVA, and the Tukey test was applied at a significance level of 5 %. The composite flours obtained by the conventional mixing method showed, when compared to wheat flour, a higher concentration of proteins (+5g 100 g-1), minerals (+86 mg kg-1 of Fe, +30 mg kg-1 of Zn), phenolic compounds (15 mg GAE g-1), flavonoids (0.3 mg QE g-1), and lower oil absorption (-0.5 g oil g sample-1), making them suitable for hot flour-based sauces, salad dressings, frozen desserts, cookies and fried products. While extruded composite flours presented better homogenization, reduction of moisture (1 g 100 g-1), lipids (3 g 100 g-1), and mycotoxin concentrations, increased antioxidant activity (DPPH -0.07 IC50 mg/L and ORAC +9 µmol Trolox Eq/g), water absorption and solubility indexes, and oil absorption index, making it suitable for bakery products, meat, and dairy sausages. The developed composite flour proved to be a good nutritional ingredient; thus, its consumption can represent an important nutritional strategy with low production costs, as well as a sustainable solution, reducing food waste and, therefore, toward the concepts of the circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Antunes Amadeu
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Conti
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Martelli
- Food Science and Technology Post Graduate Program, Food Engineering Department, Great Dourados Federal University, Faculty of Engineering, (FAEN/UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Food Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (USP/FZEA), Laboratory of Bread and Dough Process (LAPROPAMA), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Lai P, Xiang L, Lin B, Li W, Yu W, Wang Q. Influences of Weizmannia coagulans PR06 Fermentation on Texture, Cooking Quality and Starch Digestibility of Oolong Tea-Fortified Rice Noodles. Foods 2024; 13:2673. [PMID: 39272438 PMCID: PMC11394531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Weizmannia coagulans is increasingly employed in food processing owing to its health benefits. Our previous research developed Oolong tea-fortified rice noodles with unique flavor and potent antioxidant activity; however, their texture still requires improvement. In this study, Oolong tea-fortified rice noodles were fermented using W. coagulans PR06 at inoculation amounts of 1%, 3%, and 5% (v/v), and assessed for cooking quality, texture, and starch digestibility. The results indicated that fermentation with 3% and 5% W. coagulans PR06 altered the amylopectin length distribution in the rice noodles and increased the degree of starch short-range order. Furthermore, the fermentation process increased the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) values, decreased the tan δ value, and strengthened the interactions among tea polyphenols, proteins, and starch in the rice flour gel. Consequently, this process increased the hardness and chewiness of the rice noodles, decreased their broken strip rate and cooking loss, and significantly reduced their in vitro starch digestibility. Overall, fermentation with W. coagulans PR06 markedly improved the texture and cooking quality of Oolong tea-fortified rice noodles while effectively delaying starch digestion. This study highlights the potential application of W. coagulans PR06 in developing diverse and functional rice noodle products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juqing Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Processing of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Pufu Lai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Processing of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Lihui Xiang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Processing of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Weibin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Key Laboratory of Processing of Subtropical Characteristic Fruits, Vegetables and Edible Fungi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, Fuzhou 350003, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Niu L, Sun C, Li D, Zeng Z, Xiao J. Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides on the Digestion and Quality Characteristics of Tea Polyphenols-Fortified Cooked Rice. Foods 2023; 12:4366. [PMID: 38231872 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) with special health benefits have been increasingly applied for fortifying food products. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the effects of MCT on traditional tea polyphenols-fortified cooked rice (TP-FCR). It was visualized by DSC, CLSM, XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The higher content of starch-MCT complexes with an increase in the relative crystallinity and the generation of short-range ordered structures contributed to a more ordered and compact molecular arrangement, which can hinder the action of digestive enzymes on starch. SEM demonstrated that MCT transformed the microstructure of TP-FCR into a denser and firmer character, making it an essential component hindering the accessibility of digestive enzymes to starch granules and slowing the release of tea polyphenols in TP-FCR to attenuate starch digestion. Consequently, the addition of MCT reduced the polyphenol-regulated starch digestibility from 74.28% in cooked white rice to 64.43% in TP-FCR, and further down to 50.82%. Besides, MCT also reduced the adhesiveness and improved the whiteness of TP-FCR. The findings suggested that MCT incorporation could be a potential strategy in cooked rice production to achieve high sensory quality and low glycemic cooked rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liya Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dongming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zicong Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianhui Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Yang L, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Kang Z, Zhu M, He H, Ma H. Effect of Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum on the functional properties of pork batters. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:571-581. [PMID: 36793251 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the incorporation of Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum (ASK gum; 0-0.18%) on the water holding capability (WHC), texture, color, rheological property, water distribution, protein conformation and microstructure of pork batters was investigated. The results showed that the cooking yield, WHC and L* value of pork batter gels significantly increased (p < .05) with the increasing incorporation of ASK gum, and the highest value were observed at 0.15%; the a* value decreased significantly (p < .05) and no significance was obtained in b* value (p > .05); the hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness and chewiness increased first and then decreased, and reached the highest value at 0.15%. The rheological results showed that the higher G' value was obtained in pork batters by the incorporation of ASK gum; the low field NMR analysis indicated that ASK gum significantly increased the proportion of P2b and P21 (p < .05) and decreased the proportion of P22 ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the ASK gum significantly reduced the α-helix content and increased the β-sheet content (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy results suggested that the incorporation of ASK gum could promote the formation of a more homogeneous and stable microstructure of pork batter gels. Therefore, appropriate incorporation (0.15%) of ASK gum may improve the gel properties of pork batters, and while excessive incorporation (0.18%) could weaken the gel properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangli Kang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen H, Yan M, Liu X, Ge X, Zeng J, Gao H, Zhang G, Li W. Wheat starch particle size distribution regulates the dynamic transition behavior of gluten at different stages of dough mixing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125371. [PMID: 37330103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the morphology distribution, molecular structure, and aggregative properties variation of gluten protein during dough mixing stage and interpreted the interaction between starch with different sizes and protein. Research results indicated that mixing process induced glutenin macropolymer depolymerization, and promoted the monomeric protein conversion into the polymeric protein. Appropriate mixing (9 min) enhanced the interaction between wheat starch with different particle sizes and gluten protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that a moderate increase in B-starch content in the dough system contributed to forming a more continuous, dense, and ordered gluten network. The 50A-50B and 25A-75B doughs mixed for 9 min exhibited a dense gluten network, and the arrangement of A-/B-starch granules and gluten was tight and ordered. The addition of B-starch increased α-helixes, β-turns, and random coil structure. Farinographic properties indicated that 25A-75B composite flour had the highest dough stability time and the lowest degree of softening. The 25A-75B noodle displayed maximum hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and tensile strength. The correlation analysis indicated that starch particle size distribution could influence noodle quality by changing the gluten network. The paper can provide theoretical support for regulating dough characteristics by adjusting the starch granule size distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Shen
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengting Yan
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Ge
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Duan J, Zhu J, Liu X. Effects of Highland Barley Flour with Different Particle Sizes on the Characteristics of Reconstituted Flour and Noodles. Foods 2023; 12:1074. [PMID: 36900591 PMCID: PMC10001254 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of highland barley flour with different particle sizes on dough characteristics and noodle quality, highland barley flours (median particle sizes of 223.25, 143.12, 90.73, 42.33 and 19.26 μm, respectively) were mixed with the wheat flour to make noodles. The damaged starch content of highland barley flour with five particle sizes was 47.0, 61.0, 62.3, 102.0, and 108.0 g/kg, respectively. The reconstituted flour containing highland barley powder with smaller particle sizes showed higher viscosity and water absorption. The smaller the particle size of barley flour, the lower the cooking yield, shear force and pasting enthalpy of the noodles, and the higher the hardness of the noodles. As the particle size of barley flour decreases, the structural density of the noodles increases. This study is expected to provide a constructive reference for the development of barley-wheat composite flour and the production of barley-wheat noodles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Food Science, XinYang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Duan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Food Science, XinYang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Z, Lyu Q, Zhuang K, Chen L, Wang G, Wang Y, Chen X, Ding W. Impact of different preparation methods on the properties of brown rice flour and the cooking stability of brown rice noodles and the underlying mechanism: Microstructure, starch-protein distribution, moisture migration. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
8
|
Bangar SP, Ali NA, Olagunju AI, Pastor K, Ashogbon AO, Dash KK, Lorenzo JM, Ozogul F. Starch-based noodles: Current technologies, properties, and challenges. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:21-53. [PMID: 36268569 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starch noodles are gaining interest due to the massive popularity of gluten-free foods. Modified starch is generally used for noodle production due to the functional limitations of native starches. Raw materials, methods, key processing steps, additives, cooking, and textural properties determine the quality of starch noodles. The introduction of traditional, novel, and natural chemical additives used in starch noodles and their potential effects also impacts noodle quality. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the native and modified starch as raw materials and key processing steps for the production of starch noodles. Further, this article aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on the thermal, pasting, cooking, and textural properties of starch noodles. Technological, nutritional, and sensory challenges during the development of starch noodles are well discussed. Due to the increasing demands of consumers for safe food items with a long shelf life, the development of starch noodles and other convenience food products has increased. Also, the incorporation of modified starches overcomes the shortcomings of native starches, such as lack of viscosity and thickening power, retrogradation characteristics, or hydrophobicity. Starch can improve the stability of the dough structure but reduces the strength and resistance to deformation of the dough. Some technological, sensory, and nutritional challenges also impact the production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemenson, South Carolina, USA
| | - N Afzal Ali
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Kristian Pastor
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Kshirod K Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain.,Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad deVigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of Tremella fuciformis and Different Hydrocolloids on the Quality Characteristics of Wheat Noodles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172617. [PMID: 36076803 PMCID: PMC9455474 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the quality characteristics of noodles and enrich nutritional value, Tremella fuciformis (TF) powder was incorporated into noodles. Tremella fuciformis (TF) is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value, and TF gel has good viscosity properties. This paper explored the effect of TF on noodle quality, and compared the difference between TF and three hydrocolloids: sodium alginate (SA), guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG). The results showed that TF could significantly (p < 0.05) increase the hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of noodles, and showed a decreasing trend for additions greater than 3%. The addition of 3% TF enhanced storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″) and elasticity of dough. The addition of 3% TF also increased α-helix and β-sheet content, and degradation temperature in noodles. Meanwhile, it elevated the deeply bound water content and retarded water mobility. In addition, the content of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch in the noodles increased with the addition of 3% TF. It was found that the effect of 3% TF on the above data was not different from the effects of the three hydrocolloids (respectively, their optimal additions), and improved the quality characteristics of the noodles. The results provide guidance for the application of TF and the development of a new natural hydrocolloid and nutritionally fortified noodles.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang YL, Guan EQ, Zhang LL, Li MM, Bian K. Mechanical action on the development of dough and its influence on rheological properties and protein network structure. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Guo X, Sun X, Zhang Y, Zhu T. Effect of soy protein hydrolysates incorporation on dough rheology, protein characteristic, noodle quality, and their correlations. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3419-3432. [PMID: 35788935 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soy protein hydrolysates (SPHs) have bioactive and nutritional functions that can be used as fortifier of noodles. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of SPHs on dough rheology and noodle quality. Two kinds of SPHs, with a hydrolysis degree of 4.43% (SPH4) and 7.47% (SPH7), were added to wheat flour at a ratio of 5:95 to make dough and noodles. The addition of SPHs decreased the gluten yield, gluten index, peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback of flour paste. Dough stability decreased, but the extensibility increased because of the addition of SPHs. SPHs decreased the high molecular weight glutenin subunits and SDS-unextractable polymeric protein proportion, and the results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy also showed that the gluten network in SPH7 dough was more discontinuous than that in SPH4, suggesting a stronger negative effect of SPH7 on the formation of the gluten network compared to that of SPH4. The incorporation of SPHs decreased the hardness and springiness of cooked noodles but increased their cooking loss, protein loss, and water absorption. The correlation analysis showed that high molecular weight subunits and SDS-unextractable polymeric protein in SPH-fortified dough were positively correlated with the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, resilience, force, and distance at break of noodles, and these texture properties of noodles were positively correlated with pasting, gluten, and farinographical properties of SPH-fortified flour. These results suggested that SPHs could improve some qualities of noodles, such as smoothness and cooking yield, and resist pasted starch aging. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soy protein hydrolysates have many bioactive functions. This study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating soy protein hydrolysates into wheat flour to prepare noodles. The addition of soy protein hydrolysates gives noodles smoother mouthfeel and increases the cooking yield. The addition of soy protein hydrolysates decreases the setback value of flour paste, suggesting that soy protein hydrolysates may help to resist starch aging, which is favorable for starch-containing foods such as precooked noodles. Thus, soy protein hydrolysates possess potential applications in noodle products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meenu M, Padhan B, Zhou J, Ramaswamy HS, Pandey JK, Patel R, Yu Y. A Detailed Review on Quality Parameters of Functional Noodles. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2092747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Meenu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bandana Padhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Joanna Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Wang Y, Wang D, Chen H. Effects of sodium alginate and locust bean gum on dough rheology and microstructures, and bread quality. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Hui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| | - Yu‐Sheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| | - De‐Da Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| | - Hai‐Hua Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Losano Richard P, Steffolani ME, Barrera GN, León AE. Effect of alternative hydrocolloids in gluten‐free chickpea pasta. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Losano Richard
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC) UNC‐CONICET Av. Juan Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
- Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ing. Agr. Felix A. Marrone 746 Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Steffolani
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC) UNC‐CONICET Av. Juan Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
- Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ing. Agr. Felix A. Marrone 746 Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Gabriela Noel Barrera
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC) UNC‐CONICET Av. Juan Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Alberto Edel León
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC) UNC‐CONICET Av. Juan Filloy S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba 5000 Argentina
- Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ing. Agr. Felix A. Marrone 746 Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Yuan X, Kang Z, Zhu M, Ma H. High-pressure processing influences the conformation, water distribution, and gel properties of pork myofibrillar proteins containing Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100320. [PMID: 35571334 PMCID: PMC9092500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum could improve WHC and gel strength. HPP (≤200 MPa) induced high immobilized water proportion and a dense, uniform microstructure of MP-AG gels. HPP (>200 MPa) decreased surface hydrophobicity and storage modulus of MP-AG solutions. HPP (>200 MPa) increased particle size and amount of reactive sulfhydryl group of MP-AG solutions. The results have great potential for developing reduced-sodium meat products.
The effect of high-pressure processing (100–4 00 MPa) on conformation, water distribution, and gel characteristics of reduced-sodium (0.3 M NaCl) myofibrillar protein containing 0.15% Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch gum (AG) was investigated. The addition of AG resulted in the increase of WHC, proportion of immobilized water, and gel strength. Then, the WHC, proportion of immobilized water, and gel strength peaked after 200 MPa treatment, attributed to increased solubilization and zeta potential of MP, decreased particle size of MP, exposure of intrinsic tryptophan residues and the partial transformation of α-helix into β-sheet in MP. Moreover, 300 and 400 MPa induced decreases in surface hydrophobicity, solubility and storage modulus, resulting in the formation of loose and disordered gel structures with attenuated WHC. These results suggest that application of moderate HPP (200 MPa) combined with AG could provide a novel approach to improve the WHC and gelation properties of reduced-sodium meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- Corresponding author at: School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China.
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Zhuangli Kang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, No. 90 Hua lan Street, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang NN, Yang S, Kuang YY, Shan CS, Lu QQ, Chen ZG. Effects of different modified starches and gums on the physicochemical, functional, and microstructural properties of tapioca pearls. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:222-231. [PMID: 35231533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different modified starch and gums on the physicochemical, functional, and microstructural properties of tapioca pearls were investigated. The addition of starch acetate (SA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improved the springiness, hardness, cooking properties, and overall acceptability of pearls. Samples added with CMC presented higher peak viscosities, breakdown viscosities, onset gelatinization temperature, and lower enthalpy of gelatinization values compared to control pearls. Furthermore, Rheology and LF-NMR results indicated that all five kinds of modifiers promoted the formation of tighter network structures in products. SEM showed that the addition of SA and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) could fill the voids in the internal gel network of the pearls, thus promoting the formation of a continuous phase network. This study proved SA, HDP, and CMC as modifiers could have tremendous potential to improve the quality of pearls before and after cooking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Nian Zhang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science &Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sha Yang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science &Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yu-Yu Kuang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science &Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chang-Song Shan
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science &Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qin-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Nantong 226007, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science &Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Role of Hydrocolloids in the Structure, Cooking, and Nutritional Properties of Fiber-Enriched, Fresh Egg Pasta Based on Tiger Nut Flour and Durum Wheat Semolina. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102510. [PMID: 34681559 PMCID: PMC8536094 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work concerns the manufacturing process of fresh egg tagliatelle labeled as a "source of fiber" based on tiger nut flour and wheat semolina. An attempt to improve the quality attributes and cooking properties of the obtained product was made by means of structuring agents. More specifically, a combination of three hydrocolloids (carboximethylcellulose, CMC; xanthan gum, XG; and locust bean gum, LBG) was tested. A Box-Behnken design with randomized response surface methodology was used to determine a suitable combination of these gums to achieve fewer cooking losses, higher water gain and swelling index values, and better texture characteristics before and after cooking. Positive effects on textural characteristics were observed when incorporating XG into the pasta formulation. Cooking and fiber loss also significantly diminished with the XG-CMC combination over 0.8%. No significant effect was found for the other evaluated parameters. A synergistic interaction between LBG and XG was only significant for the water absorption index. The cooked pasta was considered a source of fiber in all cases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao SM, Li Z, Li NN, Zhao YY, Kang ZL, Zhu MM, Ma HJ. Effects of high-pressure processing on the functional properties of pork batters containing Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4946-4957. [PMID: 34653266 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, the effect of high-pressure conditions (0.1-400 MPa) on the water-loss, texture, gel strength, color, dynamic rheological property, and water migration of pork batters containing 0.1% (W/W) Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum (PB-AG) is studied. Results indicated that the cooking yield, water-holding capacity, texture, gel strength, L* values, and G' values increased with the increase in pressure (0.1-300 MPa) (p < 0.05). Dynamic rheological results (G') revealed that the thermal gelling ability of the PB-AG gel gradually increased with pressure (0.1-300 MPa). The minimum of T22 content was observed and the proportion of immobilized water decreased at 300 MPa by low-filed nuclear magnetic resonance. However, excessive high-pressure processing treatments (400 MPa) resulted in lower gel strength, WHC, texture, and G'. The scanning electron microscopy results shown that a denser network structure with small cavities was observed at 300 MPa. Therefore, moderate pressure treatment (≤300 MPa) may improve gelation properties of PB-AG gel, while excessive pressure treatment (400 MPa) may weaken the gelation properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: High-pressure processing combining Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum could enhance the gelation properties of pork batters. To do so, establishing knowledge on gelation properties of pork batters with Artemisia sphaerocephala krasch gum at different pressure levels treatment would be of paramount importance, because this contributes furnishing engineering data pertinent to the technical progress for the processing of emulsion-type meat with high quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Li Kang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Jun Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.,National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Xiao J, Tu J, Yu L, Niu L. Matcha-fortified rice noodles: Characteristics of in vitro starch digestibility, antioxidant and eating quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
20
|
Shi Z, Liu L, Zhang K, Wang X, Ma Z, Ren T, Li X, Xu B, Hu X. Effect of sheeting thickness on the processing quality of wheat-oat blended flour noodles. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Effect of sodium alginate on the quality of highland barley fortified wheat noodles. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
22
|
Göksel Saraç M. Evaluation of non-starch polysaccharide addition in Turkish noodles: ELECTRE techniques approach. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:368-379. [PMID: 33491201 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of non-starch polysaccharide addition into noodle samples were determined in uncooked and cooked noodle samples from cooking, physicochemical, textural, and sensorial aspects. Turkish-type noodles were obtained using apple (AFN), carrot (CFN), inulin (IFN), and pea (PFN) fibers among the non-starch polysaccharides. Moreover, the sensory analyses were performed using elimination et choixtraduisant la realite-elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE), one of the multi-criteria decision-making approach methods. The cooking loss values were found to be low in the final products containing a high amount of dietary fibers. The hardest product among the cooked noodles was the noodle produced using pea fiber that was also the one with the lowest water absorption value. Because of the different characteristics of dietary fibers, the noodles also have different properties. Based on the criteria selected as a result of the ELECTRE analysis performed for sensorial analysis, the most preferred product following the control sample was found to be the IFN sample. The others were ranked as the ones obtained using pea, carrot, and apple fiber.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kakar MU, Kakar IU, Mehboob MZ, Zada S, Soomro H, Umair M, Iqbal I, Umer M, Shaheen S, Syed SF, Deng Y, Dai R. A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117113. [PMID: 33183585 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (ASK) is an important member of Compositae (Asteraceae) family. Its seeds have been widely used as traditional medicine and to improve the quality of food. Water soluble and water insoluble polysaccharides are found in the seeds of this plant. Research has been conducted on the extraction of polysaccharides, their modification and determination of their structure. To date different techniques for extraction purposes have been applied which are reviewed here. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesogenic, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods. Moreover, these polysaccharides have been used as packaging material and as a sensing component for monitoring the freshness of packaged food. Some experimental results have shown that the quality of foods is also improved by using them as a food additive. We have also indicated some of the potential areas that are needed to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mehboob
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interaction, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shah Zada
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences and LMAM, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Shaheen
- Department of Higher Education, Government Girls Degree College Lakki Marwat, City Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|