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Eraslan K, Altınbay A, Nofar M. In-situ self-reinforcement of amorphous polylactide (PLA) through induced crystallites network and its highly ductile and toughened PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132936. [PMID: 38848828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Crystallites of a semicrystalline polylactide (cPLA) were induced in an amorphous PLA (aPLA) and its blends with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) to achieve in-situ self-reinforced PLA based structures. The approach involved the melt blending of cPLA as a minor phase with aPLA and its blends with PBAT at processing temperatures below the crystal melting peak of cPLA. An injection molding (IM) process was first adopted to obtain self-reinforced PLA (SR-PLA) structures at aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and 80/20. IM barrel and mold temperatures revealed crucial impacts on preserving the cPLA crystallites and thereby enhancing the final mechanical performance of SR-PLA (i.e., aPLA/cPLA) samples. SR-PLA samples at various aPLA/cPLA weight ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 were then melt blended with PBAT to produce SR-PLA/PBAT at a given ratio of 85/15. These blends were first prepared in an internal melt mixer (MM) to evaluate the rheological properties. The rheological analysis confirmed the significance of cPLA reinforcing efficiency within SR-PLA and its corresponding blends with PBAT. Similar SR-PLA/PBAT blends were also prepared using the IM process to explore their thermal and mechanical characteristics. The effect of cPLA concentrations in blends was distinctive, leading to significant enhancements in stain at break and toughness values. This was due to the increased crystallite network within the matrix, further refining PBAT droplets. Morphological analysis of the melt-processed blends through MM and IM also revealed that the PBAT droplets were further refined when the IM process was applied. The induced shear during the molding could have further elongated the cPLA crystallites towards a fiberlike structure, which could additionally cause the matrix viscosity to increase and refine the PBAT droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Eraslan
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altınbay
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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Arslan ON, Güntürkün D, Göksu YA, Altınbay A, Özer HÖ, Nofar M. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126851. [PMID: 37709232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur N Arslan
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Dilara Güntürkün
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yonca Alkan Göksu
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altınbay
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - H Özgür Özer
- Physics Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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Pornbencha K, Sringam S, Piyanirund S, Seubsai A, Prapainainar P, Niumnuy C, Roddecha S, Dittanet P. Functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from pineapple leaves as a UV-absorbing agent in poly(lactic acid). RSC Adv 2023; 13:15311-15321. [PMID: 37213346 PMCID: PMC10196887 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cinnamate functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (Cin-CNCs) was investigated as a potential organic reinforcing and UV-shielding agent in polylactic acid (PLA) films. Acid hydrolysis was used to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pineapple leaves. Through esterification with cinnamoyl chloride, the cinnamate group was grafted onto the CNC surface and the resulting Cin-CNCs were incorporated in PLA films as reinforcing and UV-shielding agents. The PLA nanocomposite films were prepared using a solution-casting method and were tested for mechanical/thermal properties, gas permeability, and UV absorption. Importantly, the functionalization of cinnamate on CNCs substantially improved the dispersion of fillers on the PLA matrix. The PLA films containing 3 wt% Cin-CNCs exhibited high transparency and UV absorption in the visible region. On the other hand, PLA films filled with pristine CNCs did not exhibit any UV-shielding properties. The mechanical properties revealed that adding 3 wt% Cin-CNCs to PLA increased its tensile strength and Young's modulus by 70% and 37%, respectively, compared to neat PLA. In addition, the incorporation of Cin-CNCs substantially improved water vapor and oxygen permeability. At 3 wt% Cin-CNC addition, the water vapor and oxygen permeability of PLA films were reduced by 54% and 55%, respectively. This study demonstrated the great potential in utilizing Cin-CNCs as effective gas barriers, dispersible nanoparticles, and UV-absorbing, nano-reinforcing agents in PLA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Pornbencha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Sarannuch Sringam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Supicha Piyanirund
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Anusorn Seubsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Paweena Prapainainar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Chalida Niumnuy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Supacharee Roddecha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Peerapan Dittanet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Probing into the nucleation and reinforcing effects of poly (vinyl acetate) grafted cellulose nanocrystals in melt-processed poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123421. [PMID: 36731697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Blending poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to fabricate nanocomposites is a valuable strategy to improve the properties of PLA without sacrificing its biodegradability. However, the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of CNCs for semi-crystalline PLA matrix are still elusive in melt-processed PLA/CNC nanocomposites. Herein, poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) chains were grafted onto the surface of CNCs via an efficient radical polymerization in an aqueous medium, making CNCs suitable for conventional melting processing techniques. It is found that the dispersion state of CNCs in the PLA matrix and the interface interaction between PLA and CNCs can be tailored by varying the PVAc grafting density. Further studies show that well-dispersed CNCs play a positive role in reinforcing PLA. But unexpectedly, the nucleation effect is suppressed even though the homogeneous dispersion of CNCs is achieved with higher PVAc grafting density because the rich PVAc chains at the interface dilute the PLA chains, thus hindering the nucleation and spherulite growth of PLA. This research sheds light on the nucleation and reinforcing mechanisms of polymer grafted CNCs, and will provide theoretical guidance for the industrialization of high-performance bio-based nanocomposites.
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Zong J, He Q, Liu Y, Qiu M, Wu J, Hu B. Advances in the development of biodegradable coronary stents: A translational perspective. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100368. [PMID: 35937578 PMCID: PMC9352968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of cardiovascular stents is an important therapeutic method to treat coronary artery diseases. Bare-metal and drug-eluting stents show promising clinical outcomes, however, their permanent presence may create complications. In recent years, numerous preclinical and clinical trials have evaluated the properties of bioresorbable stents, including polymer and magnesium-based stents. Three-dimensional (3D) printed-shape-memory polymeric materials enable the self-deployment of stents and provide a novel approach for individualized treatment. Novel bioresorbable metallic stents such as iron- and zinc-based stents have also been investigated and refined. However, the development of novel bioresorbable stents accompanied by clinical translation remains time-consuming and challenging. This review comprehensively summarizes the development of bioresorbable stents based on their preclinical/clinical trials and highlights translational research as well as novel technologies for stents (e.g., bioresorbable electronic stents integrated with biosensors). These findings are expected to inspire the design of novel stents and optimization approaches to improve the efficacy of treatments for cardiovascular diseases. Bioresorbable stents can overcome the limitations of non-degradable stents. 3D printing of shape-memory polymeric stents can lead to better clinical outcomes. Advances in Mg-, Fe- and Zn-based stents from a translational perspective. Electronic stents integrated with biosensors can covey stent status in real time. Development in the assessment of stent performance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiehong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Corresponding author.
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Li Z, Zhu G, Lin N. Dispersibility Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric-Based Composites. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4439-4468. [PMID: 36195577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles extracted from biomass with properties and functions different from cellulose and are being developed for property-oriented applications such as high stiffness, abundant active groups, and biocompatibility. It has broad application prospects in the field of composite materials, while the dispersibility of the CNC in polymers is the key to its application performance. Many reviews have discussed in-depth the modification strategies to improve the dispersibility of the CNC and summarized all characterization for the CNC, but there are no reviews on the in-depth exploration of dispersion characterization. This review is a comprehensive summary of the characterization of CNC dispersion in the matrix in terms of direct observation, indirect evaluation, and quantified evaluation, summarizing how and why different characterization tools reveal dispersibility. In addition, "decision tree" flowcharts are presented to provide the reader with a reference for selecting the appropriate characterization method for a specific composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
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Mohammadi M, Heuzey MC, Carreau PJ, Taguet A. Interfacial localization of CNCs in PLA/PBAT blends and its effect on rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Özdemir B, Nofar M. Effect of solvent type on the dispersion quality of spray-and freeze-dried CNCs in PLA through rheological analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118243. [PMID: 34127223 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites with spray-and freeze-dried cellulose nanocrystals (i.e., SCNC and FCNC) were prepared through solution casting using four different solvents: tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform (CHL), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Small amplitude oscillatory shear rheological analysis was extensively employed to explore the CNC dispersion quality in PLA. Overall, the rheological properties differences of PLA/SCNC and PLA/FCNC nanocomposites were not very significant. Moreover, the use of THF and CHL did not lead to a proper dispersion of CNCs in PLA due to their low dielectric constants. On the other hand, while the use of DMF was effective on the enhancement of CNC dispersion, DMSO could more dramatically lead to such enhancement due to its higher dielectric constant. The percolation threshold in PLA/SCNC nanocomposites prepared with DMF and DMSO was predicted around 1.52 and 0.12 wt% CNC, respectively. The crystallization behavior of PLA/nanocomposites prepared with DMF and DMSO were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özdemir
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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9
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Vilarinho F, Stanzione M, Buonocore G, Barbosa-Pereira L, Sendón R, Vaz M, Sanches Silva A. Green tea extract and nanocellulose embedded into polylactic acid film: Properties and efficiency on retarding the lipid oxidation of a model fatty food. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Sarul DS, Arslan D, Vatansever E, Kahraman Y, Durmus A, Salehiyan R, Nofar M. Preparation and characterization of PLA/PBAT/CNC blend nanocomposites. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Kahraman Y, Özdemir B, Kılıç V, Goksu YA, Nofar M. Super toughened and highly ductile
PLA
/
TPU
blend systems by in situ reactive interfacial compatibilization using multifunctional epoxy‐based chain extender. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Kahraman
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Burcu Özdemir
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Volkan Kılıç
- Polymer Science and Technology Program Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yonca Alkan Goksu
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Polymer Science and Technology Program Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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12
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Sanusi OM, Benelfellah A, Bikiaris DN, Aït Hocine N. Effect of rigid nanoparticles and preparation techniques on the performances of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites: A review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olawale M. Sanusi
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans LaMé Blois cedex France
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University Oye‐Ekiti Ikole Campus Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Abdelkibir Benelfellah
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans LaMé Blois cedex France
- DRII IPSA Ivry‐Sur‐Seine France
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology Aristotle University of Technology Thessaloniki Greece
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