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Vázquez JA, Comesaña S, Soengas JL, Pérez M, Bermúdez R, Rotllant J, Valcarcel J. Optimal and sustainable production of tailored fish protein hydrolysates from tuna canning wastes and discarded blue whiting: Effect of protein molecular weight on chemical and bioactive properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173461. [PMID: 38815836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Thousands tons of discards of blue whiting (BW) and tuna heads (YT) by-products are generated each year in Europe. BW is the species most discarded by European fishing fleet and, in some canning factories, YT are processed for the retrieval of oil rich in omega-3, but producing a huge amount of solid remains and effluents disposal as wastes. The development of optimal and sustainable processes for both substrates is mandatory in order to reach clean solutions under the circular economy precepts. This work focused on the mathematical optimization of the production of tailored fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), from blue whiting and tuna residues, in terms of controlling average molecular weights (Mw) of proteins. For the modeling of the protein depolymerization time-course, a pseudo-mechanistic model was used, which combined a reaction mechanistic equation affected, in the kinetic parameters, by two non-lineal equations (a first-order kinetic and like-Weibull formulae). In all situations, experimental data were accurately simulated by that model achieving R2 values higher than 0.96. The validity of the experimental conditions obtained from modeling were confirmed performing productions of FPH at scale of 5 L-reactor, without pH-control in most of cases, at the different ranges of Mw selected (1-2 kDa, 2-5 kDa and 5-10 kDa). The results showed that FPH from BW with lower Mw led to a remarkable yield of production (12 % w/w of substrate), largest protein contents (77 % w/w of BW hydrolysate), greatest in vitro digestibility (>95 %), highest essential amino acid presence (43 %) and the best antioxidant (DPPH = 62 %) and antihypertensive (IC50-ACE = 80 mg/L) properties. Our results prove that the proposed procedure to produce sustainable FPH, with specific Mw characterisitics, could be extended to other fish waste substrates. Tailored FPH may have the potential to serve as valuable ingredients for functional foods and high-quality aquaculture feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Montse Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Acuicultura Marina Sostenible (AquaCOV), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía-CSIC, 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología Animal (GAPAVET), Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Servicio de Análisis (SICIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Bougatef H, Volpi N, Ben Amor I, Capitani F, Maccari F, Gargouri J, Sila A, Bougatef A. Chondroitin sulfate from heads of corb: Recovery, structural analysis and assessment of anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109163. [PMID: 38805806 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were extracted from corb (Sciaena umbra) heads and thoroughly examined for their structure. Through cellulose acetate electrophoresis, the GAGs were identified as chondroitin sulfate (CS), with a recovery yield of 10.35 %. The CS exhibited notable characteristics including a high sulfate content (12.4 %) and an average molecular weight of 38.32 kDa. Further analysis via 1H NMR spectroscopy and SAX-HPLC revealed that the CS primarily consisted of alternating units predominantly composed of monosulfated disaccharides at positions 6 and 4 of GalNAc (52.6 % and 38.8 %, respectively). The ratio of sulfate groups between positions 4 and 6 of GalNAc (4/6 ratio) was approximately 0.74, resulting in an overall charge density of 0.98. Thermal properties of the CS were assessed using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Notably, the CS demonstrated concentration-dependent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) while showing no effect on platelet function. At 200 μg/mL, aPTT and TT coagulation times were 1.4 and 3.7 times faster than the control, respectively. These findings suggest that CS derived from corb heads holds promise as an anticoagulant agent for therapy, although further clinical investigations are necessary to validate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Ikram Ben Amor
- Sfax Regional Blood Transfusion Center, El-Ain Road Km 0.5, 3003, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Federica Capitani
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Jalel Gargouri
- Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Faculty of Sfax. University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2100, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia; High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia.
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Yuan Q, Shi X, Ma H, Yao Y, Zhang B, Zhao L. Recent progress in marine chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains as potential functional foods and therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129969. [PMID: 38325688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and CS/DS hybrid chains are natural complex glycosaminoglycans with high structural diversity and widely distributed in marine organisms, such as fish, shrimp, starfish, and sea cucumber. Numerous CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains with various structures and activities have been obtained from marine animals and have received extensive attention. However, only a few of these hybrid chains have been well-characterized and commercially developed. This review presents information on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, potential action mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships of marine CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives in the research of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. This review may provide a useful reference for the further investigation, development, and application of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains in the fields of functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
| | - Xiang Shi
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Haiqiong Ma
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Yue Yao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
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Chikha SB, Bougatef H, Capitani F, Ben Amor I, Maccari F, Gargouri J, Sila A, Volpi N, Bougatef A. Composition and Anticoagulant Potential of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate from Inedible Parts of Garfish ( Belone belone). Foods 2023; 12:3887. [PMID: 37959006 PMCID: PMC10647378 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role due to their significant biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS), the main representative family of GAGs, were extracted and purified from garfish (Belone belone) by-products, i.e., skin (GSB), bones (GCB), and heads (GHB), and their composition and anticoagulant activity were investigated. CS/DS were purified by ion-exchange chromatography with yields of 8.1% for heads, 3.7% for skin, and 1.4% for bones. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was also explored for analyzing the extracted CS/DS. Interestingly, GHB, GSB, and GCB possessed sulfate contents of 21 ± 2%, 20 ± 1%, and 20 ± 1.5%, respectively. Physico-chemical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the variances for sulfate, uronic acid, and total sugars in the GAGs extracted from the different parts of fish. Disaccharide analysis by SAX-HPLC showed that the GSB and GCB were predominately composed of ΔDi-4S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] (74.78% and 69.22%, respectively) and ΔDi-2,4S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S] (10.92% and 6.55%, respectively). However, the GHB consisted of 25.55% ΔDi-6S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] and 6.28% ΔDi-2,6S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S]. Moreover, classical anticoagulation tests were also used to measure their anticoagulant properties in vitro, which included the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. The CS/DS isolated from garfish by-products exhibited potent anticoagulant effects. The purified CS/DS showed exceptional anticoagulant properties according to this research and can be considered as a new agent with anticoagulant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssen Ben Chikha
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Hajer Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Federica Capitani
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Ikram Ben Amor
- Sfax Regional Blood Transfusion Center, El-Ain Road km 0.5, Sfax 3003, Tunisia;
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Jalel Gargouri
- Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Assaad Sila
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (S.B.C.); (H.B.); (A.S.)
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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Hu S, Zhu H, Chen S, Wan X, Liu Y, Ren Z, Gao S. Structural Characterization and Effects on Insulin Resistance of a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate from Halaelurus burgeri Skin. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040221. [PMID: 37103360 PMCID: PMC10142156 DOI: 10.3390/md21040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have isolated chondroitin sulphate (CHS) from sharks’ jaws or cartilage. However, there has been little research on CHS from shark skin. In the present study, we extracted a novel CHS from Halaelurus burgeri skin, which has a novel chemical structure and bioactivity on improvement in insulin resistance. Results using Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), and methylation analysis showed that the structure of the CHS was [4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→3)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→]n with 17.40% of sulfate group concentration. Its molecular weight was 238.35 kDa, and the yield was 17.81%. Experiments on animals showed that this CHS could dramatically decrease body weight, reduce blood glucose and insulin levels, lower lipid concentrations both in the serum and the liver, improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and regulate serum-inflammatory factors. These results demonstrated that the CHS from H. burgeri skin has a positive effect in reducing insulin resistance because of its novel structure, which provides a significant implication for the polysaccharide as a functional food.
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Vázquez JA, Valcarcel J, Sapatinha M, Bandarra NM, Mendes R, Pires C. Effect of the season on the production and chemical properties of fish protein hydrolysates and high-quality oils obtained from gurnard (Trigla spp.) by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Meng D, Li W, Leng X, Takagi Y, Dai Z, Du H, Wei Q. Extraction of chondroitin sulfate and type II collagen from sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) notochord and characterization of their hybrid fibrils. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Meng D, Leng X, Zhang Y, Luo J, Du H, Takagi Y, Dai Z, Wei Q. Comparation of the structural characteristics and biological activities of chondroitin sulfates extracted from notochord and backbone of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dong FK, Quan XG, Wang QB, Liu ZM, Cui T, Wang WJ, Tang DM, Zhang RM, Zhang C, Wang HY, Ren Q. Purification, structural characterization, and anticoagulant activity evaluation of chondroitin sulfate from codfish (Gadus macrocephalus) bones. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:759-767. [PMID: 35526771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CCS) was purified from discarded codfish (Gadus macrocephalus) bones, and its chemical structure and anticoagulant activity were assessed. CCS was obtained via enzymatic lysis and ion-exchange column chromatography, with a yield of approximately 0.15%. High-performance gel performance chromatography revealed CCS to be a largely homogeneous polysaccharide with a relatively low molecular weight of 12.3 kDa. FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and SAX-HPLC indicated that CCS was composed of monosulfated disaccharides (ΔDi4S 73.85% and ΔDi6S 19.06%) and nonsulfated disaccharides (ΔDi0S 7.09%). In vitro anticoagulation analyses revealed that CCS was able to significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) (p < 0.05). At a CCS concentration of 5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, APTT and TT were approximately 1.08 and 1.12 times higher, respectively, compared to the negative control group. The results indicated that CCS might offer value as a dietary fiber supplement with the potential to prevent the incidence of coagulation-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Kun Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Gao Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Bing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Rongsense Aquatic Food Group Co. LTD, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Dao-Min Tang
- Rongsense Aquatic Food Group Co. LTD, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
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Elaboration of a novel membrane technique for purification of chondroitin sulfate extracted from chicken breast cartilage using the cross-flow ultrafiltration polyethersulfone flat-sheet membrane. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhou LJ, Guo LB, Wei W, Lv ZX, Zhang YW. A Novel Chondroitin AC Lyase With Broad Substrate Specificity From Pedobacter rhizosphaerae: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:808872. [PMID: 35004658 PMCID: PMC8733870 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.808872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin AC lyase (ChSaseAC) is one of the essential polysaccharides lyases in low molecular chondroitin sulfate production. In this work, a novel PrChSaseAC from Pedobacter rhizosphaerae was successfully cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli. After optimizing the induction, the recombinant PrChSaseAC could be expressed efficiently at 0.1 mM IPTG, 25°C, and 12 h induction. Then, it was purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The characterization of the purified PrChSaseAC showed that it had high specific activity and good storage stability, which would favor the production of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate. It also displayed activity toward chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid. PrChSaseAC had the highest activity at pH 7.5, 37°C, 10 mM Ca2+, and 5 mg/ml of chondroitin sulfate A. Molecular docking of substrate and enzyme showed the interactions between the enzyme and substrate; it revealed that the enzyme showed high activity to CS-A and hyaluronic acid, but lower activity to CS-C attributed to the structure of the binding pocket. The high stability and specific activity of the enzyme will benefit the industrial production or clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China
| | - Li-Bin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Zhongshiduqing Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Heze, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Lv
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China
| | - Ye-Wang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Vázquez JA, Fraguas J, González P, Serra J, Valcarcel J. Optimal Recovery of Valuable Biomaterials, Chondroitin Sulfate and Bioapatites, from Central Skeleton Wastes of Blue Shark. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112613. [PMID: 33172009 PMCID: PMC7694617 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial filleting of blue shark (Prionace glauca) led to the generation of a large number of central skeletons of low interest to fishmeal plants handling such wastes. In this context, the present study describes the optimization of the hydrolysis process (pH 8.35, T 58 °C, 1% (v/w) of alcalase and t = 4 h) to produce chondroitin sulfate (CS) together with the recovery of bioapatites. Then, that hydrolysate was chemically treated with an optimal alkaline-hydroalcoholic-saline solution (0.48 M of NaOH, 1.07 volumes of EtOH and 2.5 g/L of NaCl) and finally purified by ultrafiltration-diafiltration (30 kDa) to obtain glycosaminoglycan with a purity of 97% and a productive yield of 2.8% (w/w of skeleton). The size of the biopolymer (CS) was of 58 kDa with prevalence of 6S-GalNAc sulfation (4S/6S ratio of 0.25), 12% of GlcA 2S-GalNAc 6S and 6% of non-sulfated disaccharides. Crude bioapatites were purified by pyrolysis and FT-Raman and XRD techniques confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)], with a molar mass of 502.3 g/mol, embedded in the organic matrix of the skeleton. The mineralized tissues of blue shark are promising marine sources for the extraction of high value biomaterials with clinical application in bone and tissue regeneration and are still completely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo, 36208 Galicia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.A.V.); (J.V.); Tel.: +34-986-231-930 (J.A.V.); Fax: +34-986-292-762 (J.V.)
| | - Javier Fraguas
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo, 36208 Galicia, Spain;
| | - Pío González
- New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, IISGS, MTI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Serra
- New Materials Group, Department of Applied Physics, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, IISGS, MTI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo, 36208 Galicia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.A.V.); (J.V.); Tel.: +34-986-231-930 (J.A.V.); Fax: +34-986-292-762 (J.V.)
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Vázquez JA, Durán AI, Menduíña A, Nogueira M, Gomes AM, Antunes J, Freitas AC, Dagá E, Dagá P, Valcarcel J. Bioconversion of Fish Discards through the Production of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Metabolites: Sustainable Application of Fish Peptones in Nutritive Fermentation Media. Foods 2020; 9:E1239. [PMID: 32899847 PMCID: PMC7554814 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work, we study the capacity of 30 peptones obtained by enzyme proteolysis of ten discarded fish species (hake, megrim, red scorpionfish, pouting, mackerel, gurnard, blue whiting, Atlantic horse mackerel, grenadier, and boarfish) to support the growth and metabolite production of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of probiotic and technological importance. Batch fermentations of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. casei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in most of the media formulated with fish peptones (87% of the cases) led to similar growths (quantified as dry-weight biomass and viable cells) and metabolites (mainly lactic acid) than in commercial control broth (MRS). Comparisons among cultures were performed by means of the parameters obtained from the mathematical fittings of experimental kinetics to the logistic equation. Modelling among experimental and predicted data from each bioproduction was generally accurate. A simple economic assessment demonstrated the profitability achieved when MRS is substituted by media formulated with fish discards: a 3-4-fold reduction of costs for LAB biomass, viable cells formation, and lactic and acetic acid production. Thus, these fish peptones are promising alternatives to the expensive commercial peptones as well as a possible solution to valorize discarded fish biomasses and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana I. Durán
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Araceli Menduíña
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Margarita Nogueira
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana María Gomes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Joana Antunes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Esther Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paula Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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