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Pham TT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TT, Pham MN, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TUT, Huynh TTN, Nguyen HT. Rhizosphere bacterial exopolysaccharides: composition, biosynthesis, and their potential applications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:388. [PMID: 39196410 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are biopolymers of carbohydrates, often released from cells into the extracellular environment. Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, EPS finds applications in various industrial sectors. However, the need for alternative EPS has grown over the past few decades as lactic acid bacteria's (LAB) low-yield EPS is unable to meet the demand. In this case, rhizosphere bacteria with the diverse communities in soil leading to variations in composition and structure, are recognized as a potential source of EPS applicable in various industries. In addition, media components and cultivation conditions have an impact on EPS production, which ultimately affects the quantity, structure, and biological functions of the EPS. Therefore, scientists are currently working on manipulating bacterial EPS by developing cultures and applying abiotic and biotic stresses, so that better production of exopolysaccharides can be attained. This review highlights the composition, biosynthesis, and effects of environmental factors on EPS production along with the potential applications in different fields of industry. Ultimately, an overview of potential future paths and tactics for improving EPS implementation and commercialization is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thi-Tho Nguyen
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Minh-Nhut Pham
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phu-Tho Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - To-Uyen Thi Nguyen
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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2
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Kong C, Chen S, Wang X, Hu C, Li B, Fu R, Zhang J. Hemoadhican, a Tissue Adhesion Hemostatic Material Independent of Blood Coagulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300705. [PMID: 37029455 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of death, emphasizing the need for novel hemostatic agents. Here, a novel hemostatic polysaccharide hemoadhican (HD) is screened out by analyzing the rheological properties of screened material mixed blood sludges, which is prepared by mixing polysaccharide granules and whole blood to mimic the coagulation in vitro. HD is produced by a bacterial isolate Paenibacillus sp.1229, and the repeating units of HD are →)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)[4,6-ethylidene-α-D-Galp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)]-α-D-Manp-(1→. Compared to chitosan and celox, HD achieves more effective hemostasis in animal models with mouse and rat femoral arteries, rat carotid arteries, and rabbit femoral arteries. Especially, HD maintains an excellent hemostatic capability in animals with heparin-induced hemorrhage diathesis. In vitro experiments show HD granules can quickly absorb a small amount of blood component to create a hemophobic blood sludge resistant to high pressure. The blood sludge firmly adheres to damaged tissue and efficiently repels blood. In vitro experiments show that HD does not actively trigger blood coagulation cascade and is independent of blood conditions including heparin treatment. In addition, HD moisturizes wounds and accelerates wound healing, exhibiting excellent biodegradability, and hemocompatibility. The results indicate that HD is a promising hemostatic material for treating traumatic hemorrhages and uncontrollable surgical bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Kong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 210094, China
| | - Shijunyin Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 210094, China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 210094, China
| | - Chengtao Hu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 210094, China
| | - Bing Li
- Nanjing Southern Element Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211899, China
| | - Renjie Fu
- Nanjing Southern Element Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211899, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 210094, China
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Liu Z, Pei F, Zhu J, Xue D, Liu Y, Liu D, Li H. Production, characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY-Z1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:10. [PMID: 36369391 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
At present, the study on exopolysaccharid is mainly focused on lactic acid bacteria, and the research on exopolysaccharide produced by yeast, especially Sporidiobolus pararoseus, is relatively few. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the characterization and antioxidant activities of a novel neutral exopolysaccharide SPZ, which was isolated and purified from S. pararoseus PFY-Z1. The results showed that SPZ was mainly composed of mannose, followed by glucose, with a molecular weight was 24.98 kDa, had O-glycosidic bonds, no crystalline, and no triple helix structure. Based on fourier transform-infrared, high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, SPZ was identified to be a exopolysaccharide with some side chains, presence of α-, β-pyranose ring and nine sugar residues. Furthermore, the morphology features of SPZ have performed a relatively rough and uneven surface, covered with small pores and fissures. Moreover, SPZ had higher antioxidant activities and the maximum scavenging abilities of ⋅OH, NO2- and reducing power were 28.05 ± 0.73%, 92.76 ± 1.86% and 0.345 ± 0.024, respectively. Hence, SPZ could be used as a potential antioxidant application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Liu
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Fangyi Pei
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Di Xue
- Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Deshui Liu
- Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Hui Li
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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Li F, Hu X, Qin L, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Li Y, Bao M. Characterization and protective effect against ultraviolet radiation of a novel exopolysaccharide from Bacillus marcorestinctum QDR3-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1373-1383. [PMID: 36151616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been applied to various fields, EPS for UVR-mediated oxidative stress repair still needs further exploration. In this study, a novel EPS was isolated from the fermentation medium of Bacillus sp. QDR3-1 and its yield was 4.8 g/L (pH 8.0, 12 % glucose, 30 °C and 6 % NaCl). The pure fraction (named EPS-M1) was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. EPS-M1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Man, Glc, Gal, and Fuc with a molecular weight of 33.8 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed a rough surface and reticular structure of EPS-M1, and EPS-M1 formed spherical aggregates in aqueous solution observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal analysis revealed that the degradation temperature of EPS-M1 was 306 °C. Moreover, methylation and NMR analysis determined that EPS-M1 was consisted of →3)-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-Glcp-(1→, →3)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Fucp-(1→, and T-Manp-(1→. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the repair ability of UVR-mediated cell damage of EPS-M1 were studied with L929 cells. The results showed that EPS-M1 had good biocompatibility and it could mitigate UVR-mediated cell damage by regulating the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Caspase-3/7 activity. Overall, the structure analysis and the protective effects of EPS against L929 cells exposed to UVR provided an experimental basis for EPS in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liying Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Chen S, Cheng R, Xu X, Kong C, Wang L, Fu R, Li J, Wang S, Zhang J. The structure and flocculation characteristics of a novel exopolysaccharide from a Paenibacillus isolate. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang T, Guo Q, Xin Y, Liu Y. Comprehensive review in moisture retention mechanism of polysaccharides from algae, plants, bacteria and fungus. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Khalid N, Asgher M, Hussain F, Iqbal J. Exopolysaccharides production from marine Bacillus strains and their antioxidant and bio-flocculant capacities. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:250. [PMID: 35411473 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have gained high scientific concern due to their exceptional physicochemical features and high industrial applicability. Owing to their biotechnological importance, the present study was designed to screen and isolate the EPS-producing Bacillus strains based on their growth potential on specific media and colony morphologies. The bacterial isolates Bacillus subtilis Bs1-01, Bacillus licheniformis Bl1-02, and Bacillus brevis Bb1-04 showed excellent EPS production due to their shortened lag phase and abundant biomass production. Shake-flask fermentation valued the maximum production yield of 50.19 ± 1.14 g/L by Bl1-02 after 72 h incubation (about 3.40 times higher than that of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt1-05). The basic component analysis revealed the improved amount of total carbohydrate, reducing sugar ends, and protein contents by Bl1-02 strain. Structural characteristics and functional groups of the EPS characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that all EPS were in close agreement to each other due to the presence of similar chemical bonds and functional groups. EPS from Bl1-02 strain showed stronger and more stable bio-emulsifying and hygroscopicity activities (12.23%). The crude EPS exhibited potent antioxidant properties which were examined against reducing potential (H2O2 scavenging) and total antioxidant tests. Among bio-flocculation activities of EPS at different concentrations, Bs1-01 strain produced EPS at a concentration of 60 mg/mL was observed to show the maximum value of 79.20%. In conclusion, the EPS from marine Bacillus strains showed excellent functional properties suggesting potential industrial applications that demand separate investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrah Khalid
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Vinothkanna A, Sathiyanarayanan G, Rai AK, Mathivanan K, Saravanan K, Sudharsan K, Kalimuthu P, Ma Y, Sekar S. Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Bacillus albus DM-15 Isolated From Ayurvedic Fermented Dasamoolarishta: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832109. [PMID: 35308379 PMCID: PMC8927020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus albus DM-15, isolated from the Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine Dasamoolarishta. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the heteropolymeric nature of the purified EPS with monosaccharide units of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. Size-exclusion chromatography had shown the molecular weight of the purified EPS as around 240 kDa. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the non-crystalline amorphous nature of the EPS. Furthermore, the purified EPS showed the maximum flocculation activity (72.80%) with kaolin clay and emulsification activity (67.04%) with xylene. In addition, the EPS exhibits significant antioxidant activities on DPPH (58.17 ± 0.054%), ABTS (70.47 ± 0.854%) and nitric oxide (58.92 ± 0.744%) radicals in a concentration-dependent way. Moreover, the EPS showed promising cytotoxic activity (20 ± 0.97 μg mL–1) against the lung carcinoma cells (A549), and subsequent cellular staining revealed apoptotic necrotic characters in damaged A549 cells. The EPS purified from the probiotic strain B. albus DM-15 can be further studied and exploited as a potential carbohydrate polymer in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India
| | | | - Kandasamy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Kumaresan Sudharsan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Desmond P, Huisman KT, Sanawar H, Farhat NM, Traber J, Fridjonsson EO, Johns ML, Flemming HC, Picioreanu C, Vrouwenvelder JS. Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:118031. [PMID: 34998071 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of membrane technology for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand and decreasing permeate quantity and quality. In recent years, exhaustive efforts were made to understand the chemical, structural and hydraulic characteristics of membrane biofilms. In this review, we critically assess which specific structural features of membrane biofilms exert resistance to forced water passage in MF/UF membranes systems applied to water and wastewater treatment, and how biofilm physical structure can be engineered by process operation to impose less hydraulic resistance ("below-the-pain threshold"). Counter-intuitively, biofilms with greater thickness do not always cause a higher hydraulic resistance than thinner biofilms. Dense biofilms, however, had consistently higher hydraulic resistances compared to less dense biofilms. The mechanism by which density exerts hydraulic resistance is reported in the literature to be dependant on the biofilms' internal packing structure and EPS chemical composition (e.g., porosity, polymer concentration). Current reports of internal porosity in membrane biofilms are not supported by adequate experimental evidence or by a reliable methodology, limiting a unified understanding of biofilm internal structure. Identifying the dependency of hydraulic resistance on biofilm density invites efforts to control the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering internal biofilm structure. Regulation of biofilm internal structure is possible by alteration of key determinants such as feed water nutrient composition/concentration, hydraulic shear stress and resistance and can engineer biofilm structural development to decrease density and therein hydraulic resistance. Future efforts should seek to determine the extent to which the concept of "biofilm engineering" can be extended to other biofilm parameters such as mechanical stability and the implication for biofilm control/removal in engineered water systems (e.g., pipelines and/or, cooling towers) susceptible to biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Desmond
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, D52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kees Theo Huisman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Sanawar
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia M Farhat
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Einar O Fridjonsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael L Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans-Curt Flemming
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Biofilm Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Muelheim, Germany
| | - Cristian Picioreanu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands
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He M, Yang Y, Shao Z, Zhang J, Feng C, Wang L, Mao W. Chemical Structure and Anticoagulant Property of a Novel Sulfated Polysaccharide from the Green Alga Cladophora oligoclada. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100554. [PMID: 34677453 PMCID: PMC8540071 DOI: 10.3390/md19100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are efficient producers of sulfated polysaccharides. The algal sulfated polysaccharides possess diverse bioactivities and peculiar chemical structures, and represent a great potential source to be explored. In the present study, a heparinoid-active sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the green alga Cladophora oligoclada. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide was composed of →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, β-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→ units with sulfate esters at C-2/C-4 of →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, C-6 of →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and C-3 of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ units. The branches consisting of β-d-Galp-(1→ and →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ units were located in C-3 of →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ units. The sulfated polysaccharide exhibited potent anticoagulant activity in vitro and in vivo as evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, and the fibrinogen level. For the APTT, the signal for clotting time was more than 200 s at 100 μg/mL in vitro and at 15 mg/kg in vivo. The obvious thrombolytic activity of the sulfated polysaccharide in vitro was also found. The mechanism analysis of anticoagulant action demonstrated that the sulfated polysaccharide significantly inhibited the activities of all intrinsic coagulation factors, which were less than 1.0% at 50 μg/mL, but selectively inhibited common coagulation factors. Furthermore, the sulfated polysaccharide strongly stimulated the inhibition of thrombin by potentiating antithrombin-III (AT-III) or heparin cofactor-II, and it also largely promoted the inhibition of factor Xa mediated by AT-III. These results revealed that the sulfated polysaccharide from C. oligoclada had potential to become an anticoagulant agent for prevention and therapy of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhuling Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Changning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.H.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.); (J.Z.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-1560
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Highly efficient removal of antibiotic from biomedical wastewater using Fenton-like catalyst magnetic pullulan hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang L, Cheng R, Sun X, Zhao Y, Ge W, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ding Z, Liu J, Zhang J. Preparation and Gut Microbiota Modulatory Property of the Oligosaccharide Riclinoctaose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3667-3676. [PMID: 33750134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In relation to available polysaccharides, oligosaccharides have a low molecular weight, less viscosity, and complete water solubility. These properties endow oligosaccharides with significant biological properties including the microbiota regulation ability. In this study, a homogeneous oligooctasaccharide, riclinoctaose, was biosynthesized from succinylglycan riclin by enzymatic degradation. Monosaccharide composition, Fourier-transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry analysis indicated that riclinoctaose is an oligooctasaccharide consisting of one galactose and seven glucose residues, with a pyruvate group linked to the terminal glucose residue. The effects of dietary riclinoctaose on the gut microbiota of mice were evaluated. We found that the dietary riclinoctaose significantly altered intestinal microbiota with the increased growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of pernicious bacteria such as Gammaproteobacteria. The level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly elevated in the riclinoctaose cecum. Our results suggested that riclinoctaose as a prebiotic may have a great potential application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaqing Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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13
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Sun X, Zhang J. Bacterial exopolysaccharides: Chemical structures, gene clusters and genetic engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:481-490. [PMID: 33493567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the composition, structure, biosynthesis, and function of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) have been extensively studied. EPS are synthesized through different biosynthetic pathways. The genes responsible for EPS synthesis are usually clustered on the genome or large plasmids of bacteria. Generally, different EPS synthesis gene clusters direct the synthesis of EPS with different chemical structures and biological activities. A better understanding of the gene functions involved in EPS biosynthesis is critical for the production of EPS with special biological activities. Genetic engineering methods are usually used to study EPS synthesis related genes. This review organizes the available information on EPS, including their structures, synthesis of related genes, and highlights the research progress of modifying EPS gene clusters through gene-editing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
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