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Sun YK, Yang RL, Tan ZW, Li XF, Jacobus LM. A new species of Cincticostella Allen, 1971 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from Yunnan, China and establishment of a new species complex. Zookeys 2024; 1205:349-371. [PMID: 38984212 PMCID: PMC11231572 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1205.125639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cincticostellajianchuan sp. nov. from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, is described based on chorionic structure, nymph, and winged stages. The new species is closely related to C.fusca (Kang & Yang, 1995), but it can be distinguished in the male imago stage by its mesonotum and penes morphology, coloration, and the forking point of the stem of MA+Rs on the forewing; in the nymph stage, it can be distinguished by the length of the posterolateral projections of abdominal segment IX and the setation of the abdominal terga. Compared to other congeners, nymphs and male imagoes of the new species and C.fusca share several morphological characteristics, such as a larger body, mesothorax with medially notched anterolateral projections, forefemur without a subapical band of transverse spines of the nymphs, the area between C, Sc and R1 of the forewings distinctly pigmented, and an apical sclerite on the ventral face of the penes of the male imagoes, supporting the proposition of a new species complex, the jianchuan complex. The systematics of Cincticostella and related genera are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Kang Sun
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong-Long Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Pollution Processes and Control of Plateau Lake-Watersheds, Yunnan Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian-Fu Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Tree Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Luke M Jacobus
- Research Center of Ecology and Governance for Er'hai Lake Streams, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Guo ZQ, Gao YJ, Chen YX, Zhan LM, Storey KB, Yu DN, Zhang JY. Comparative Mitogenome of Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Time Analysis within Potamanthidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). INSECTS 2024; 15:357. [PMID: 38786913 PMCID: PMC11122660 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Potamanthidae belongs to the superfamily Ephemeroidea but has no complete mt genome released in the NCBI (except for two unchecked and one partial mt genome). Since the sister clade to Potamanthidae has always been controversial, we sequenced seven mt genomes of Potamanthidae (two species from Rhoenanthus and five species from Potamanthus) in order to rebuild the phylogenetic relationships of Potamanthidae in this study. The divergence time of Potamanthidae was also investigated by utilizing five fossil calibration points because of the indeterminate origin time. In addition, because Rhoenanthus coreanus and Potamanthus luteus are always in low-temperature environments, we aimed to explore whether these two species were under positive selection at the mt genome level. Amongst the 13 PCGs, CGA was used as the start codon in COX1, whereas other genes conformed to initiating with an ATN start codon. From this analysis, UUA (L), AUU (I), and UUU (F) had the highest usage. Furthermore, the DHU arm was absent in the secondary structure of S1 in all species. By combining the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of Potamanthidae within Ephemeroptera. The monophyly of Potamanthidae and the monophyly of Rhoenanthus and Potamanthus were supported in the results. The phylogenetic relationship of Potamanthidae + (Ephemeridae + Polymitarcyidae) was also recovered with a high prior probability. The divergence times of Potamanthidae were traced to be 90.44 Mya (95% HPD, 62.80-121.74 Mya), and the divergence times of Rhoenanthus and Potamanthus originated at approximately 64.77 Mya (95% HPD, 43.82-88.68 Mya), thus belonging to the late Pliocene Epoch or early Miocene Epoch. In addition, the data indicated that R. coreanus was under negative selection and that ATP8 and ND2 in Potamanthidae had a high evolutionary rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ya-Jie Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Aksu Vocational Technical College, Aksu 843000, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Le-Mei Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dan-Na Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Covnservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Covnservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Martynov AV, Palatov DM, Godunko RJ. The Tribe Hyrtanellini Allen, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) of Western and Central Asia with Description of a New Species. INSECTS 2023; 14:87. [PMID: 36662016 PMCID: PMC9862290 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new species, Serratella leonidi Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., is described from Tajikistan based on immature stage. Based on larval material from Iran including the topotypes, Serratella elissa Jacobus, Zhou & McCafferty, 2009 is complementary described, and its generic placement is clarified. The delimitation of three genera that are members of the tribe Hyrtanellini Allen, 1980, namely Serratella Edmunds, 1959, Torleya Lestage, 1917 and Quatica Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008 is briefly discussed. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Hyrtanellini based on the COI gene showed the relations of representatives of these genera on the one hand, and distinct delimitation of Serratella leonidi sp. nov. and S. elissa on the other. A list of species from Western and Central Asia attributed to Hyrtanellini, their currently known distribution and a key for the determination of the larvae are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Martynov
- National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bohdan Khmelnytsky Str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Roman J. Godunko
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Łódź, Poland
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Yu G, Lai S, Liao S, Cao Y, Li W, Long C, Tarno H, Wang J. Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Scolytoplatypodini Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Phylogenetic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:162. [PMID: 36672903 PMCID: PMC9859420 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of beetles in the tribe Scolytoplatypodini (genus Scolytoplatypus) were sequenced and annotated. These included Scolytoplatypus raja (15,324 bp), Scolytoplatypus sinensis (15,394 bp), Scolytoplatypus skyliuae (15,167 bp), and Scolytoplatypus wugongshanensis (15,267 bp). The four mitogenomes contained 37 typical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The gene orientation and arrangement of the four mitogenomes were similar to other Coleoptera mitogenomes. PCGs mostly started with ATN and terminated with TAA. The Ka/Ks ratio of 13 PCGs in the four species revealed that cox1 had the slowest evolutionary rate and atp8 and nad6 had a higher evolutionary rate. All tRNAs had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, but trnS1 lacked dihydrouridine arm. Partial tRNAs lost the discriminator nucleotide. The trnY did not possess the discriminator nucleotide and also lost three bases, showing a special amino-acyl arm. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods were conducted for phylogenetic analyses using 13 PCGs. Scolytoplatypodini was clustered with Hylurgini and Hylastini, and the monophyly of Scolytoplatypodini was supported. The four newly sequenced mitogenomes increase understanding of the evolutionary relationships of Scolytoplatypodini and other Scolytinae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Yu
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
| | - Shengchang Lai
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
- Forest Protection, Forestry College, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Song Liao
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
| | - Chengpeng Long
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an 311300, China
| | - Hagus Tarno
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
- Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Laboratory of Invasion Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 340045, China
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Yang Y, Kang Y, Tong J, Ge X, Yang X, Liu H. Mitochondrial gene rearrangements suggest a new genus in the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Ya Kang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Junbo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Xueying Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Xingke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding China
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The Genetic Diversity and the Divergence Time in Extant Primitive Mayfly, Siphluriscus chinensis Ulmer, 1920 Using the Mitochondrial Genome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101780. [PMID: 36292664 PMCID: PMC9601863 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Siphluriscus chinensis (Ephemeroptera: Siphluriscidae) were evaluated in specimens collected from two sites in China: Niutou Mountain, Zhejiang Province (S. chinensis NTS) and Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province (S. chinensis LGS) and were successfully sequenced. The lengths of the mt genomes of S. chinensis NTS and S. chinensis LGS were 15,904 bp (ON729390) and 15,212 bp (ON729391), respectively. However, an in-depth comparison of the two mt genomes showed significant differences between the specimens collected from the two sites. A detailed analysis of the genetic distance between S. chinensis NTS and S. chinensis LGS was undertaken to further achieve an accurate delimitation of S. chinensis. The genetic distance between S. chinensis NTS and the other three species within Siphluriscidae was a high value, above 12.2%. The two mt genomes were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence time. The results demonstrated robust differences between S. chinensis NTS and S. chinensis LGS, which revealed that a kind of cryptic species existed. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses produced well-supported phylogenetic trees that showed evolutionary relationships between Siphluriscidae (((S. chinensis HQ875717 + S. chinensis MF352165) + S. chinensis LGS) + S. chinensis NTS). The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of four species within Siphluriscidae began to diversify during the Neogene [11.80 million years ago (Mya); 95% highest posterior densities (HPD) = 6.17–19.28 Mya], and S. chinensis NTS was first to diverge from the branches of S. chinensis LGS. In short, based on mitochondrial genomes, our results showed that the specimens collected from Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province (S. chinensis LGS) belonged to S. chinensis, and the specimens collected from Niutou Mountain, Zhejiang Province (S. chinensis NTS) were a cryptic species of S. chinensis.
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Complete Mitogenomes of Polypedates Tree Frogs Unveil Gene Rearrangement and Concerted Evolution within Rhacophoridae. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182449. [PMID: 36139309 PMCID: PMC9494961 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Duplicated control regions have been reported several times in the tree frog family Rhacophoridae, and previous studies have mostly relied on sequence analysis to reconstruct their evolution. This is the first study to employ a phylogenetic method to demonstrate the existence of concerted and parallel evolution succinctly and intuitively in the duplicated control regions of the family Rhacophoridae. Phylogenetic relationships were also used to illustrate the parallel evolution of ATP8 loss of function in the genus Polypedates. In general, this study elucidated the evolutionary patterns and pathways of mitochondrial gene rearrangement of the family Rhacophoridae from a phylogenetic perspective, which aids in understanding the evolutionary history of this fascinating tree frog taxon from a molecular evolution standpoint. Abstract New developments in sequencing technology and nucleotide analysis have allowed us to make great advances in reconstructing anuran phylogeny. As a clade of representative amphibians that have radiated from aquatic to arboreal habitats, our understanding of the systematic status and molecular biology of rhacophorid tree frogs is still limited. We determined two new mitogenomes for the genus Polypedates (Rhacophoridae): P. impresus and P. mutus. We conducted comparative and phylogenetic analyses using our data and seven other rhacophorid mitogenomes. The mitogenomes of the genera Polypedates, Buergeria, and Zhangixalus were almost identical, except that the ATP8 gene in Polypedates had become a non-coding region; Buergeria maintained the legacy “LTPF” tRNA gene cluster compared to the novel “TLPF” order in the other two genera; and B. buergeri and Z. dennysi had no control region (CR) duplication. The resulting phylogenetic relationship supporting the above gene rearrangement pathway suggested parallel evolution of ATP8 gene loss of function (LoF) in Polypedates and CR duplication with concerted evolution of paralogous CRs in rhacophorids. Finally, conflicting topologies in the phylograms of 185 species reflected the advantages of phylogenetic analyses using multiple loci.
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Han L, Yang Y, Li H, Zhou X, Zhou M, Liu T, Lu Y, Wang Q, Yang S, Shi M, Li X, Du S, Guan C, Zhang Y, Guo W, Wang J, Chai H, Lan T, Liu H, Liu Q, Sun H, Hou Z. Gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of ten ascaris species and phylogenetic implications for Ascaridoidea and Heterakoidea families. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1394-1403. [PMID: 36116597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Ascaridoidea family and Heterakoidea family are the most common and typical representative of large parasites. Although our understanding of these parasites' diversity has expanded by analyses of some mitochondrial genes, there is limited information on these species' evolutionary rates. Here we determined ten complete mitogenome sequences of five subfamilies of Ascaridoidea and one subfamily of Heterakoidea. The phylogenetic tree divided the Ascaridoidea into six monophyletic major clades, and the divergence time of Heterakoidea family and Ascaridoidea family can be placed during the early Carboniferous Period (300-360 Mya). The reconstruction of the ancestral state showed that the gene orders of all species in Ascaridoidea were conserved, and the Heterakoidea had obvious genome rearrangement. The conserved blocks between them were divided into five and the main types are tandem-duplication/random loss (TDRL). These results will help to better understand the gene rearrangements and evolutionary position of ascaris species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Mengchao Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tianlu Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yaxian Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangcheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minhui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Harbin Northern Forest Zoo, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shan Du
- Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Chunyu Guan
- Harbin Northern Forest Zoo, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention of Ordos, Inner Mongolia, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, China State Forestry Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tianming Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI Life Science Joint Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, China
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Heting Sun
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, China State Forestry Administration, Harbin 150040, China.
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Li M, Liu M, Hu SY, Luo FZ, Yuan ML. Comparative mitogenomic analyses provide evolutionary insights into the retrolateral tibial apophysis clade (Araneae: Entelegynae). Front Genet 2022; 13:974084. [PMID: 36186478 PMCID: PMC9515440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.974084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) clade is the largest spider lineage within Araneae. To better understand the diversity and evolution, we newly determined mitogenomes of ten RTA species from six families and performed a comparative mitogenomics analysis by combining them with 40 sequenced RTA mitogenomes available on GenBank. The ten mitogenomes encoded 37 typical mitochondrial genes and included a large non-coding region (putative control region). Nucleotide composition and codon usage were well conserved within the RTA clade, whereas diversity in sequence length and structural features was observed in control region. A reversal of strand asymmetry in nucleotide composition, i.e., negative AT-skews and positive GC-skews, was observed in each RTA species, likely resulting from mitochondrial gene rearrangements. All protein-coding genes were evolving under purifying selection, except for atp8 whose Ka/Ks was larger than 1, possibly due to positive selection or selection relaxation. Both mutation pressure and natural selection might contribute to codon usage bias of 13 protein-coding genes in the RTA lineage. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomic data recovered a family-level phylogeny within the RTA; {[(Oval calamistrum clade, Dionycha), Marronoid clade], Sparassidae}. This study characterized RTA mitogenomes and provided some new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the RTA clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shi-Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fang-Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-Long Yuan,
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Ma Z, Li R, Zhu B, Zheng X, Zhou C. Comparative Mitogenome Analyses of Subgenera and Species Groups in Epeorus (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070599. [PMID: 35886775 PMCID: PMC9317806 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary As one of the most species-rich genera of Ephemeroptera, Epeorus Eaton, 1881, was found to be widely distributed in Holarctic and Oriental regions, and nine subgenera have been reported. Previous phylogenetic studies of Epeorus were mainly focused on morphological characters or several gene fragments. Here, 15 mitogenomes of Epeorus are sequenced and the comparative mitogenome analysis of six subgenera is performed. The gene rearrangement of trnI-trnM-trnQ-NCR-ND2 was first found in the genus. In addition, differences in genetic composition and codon usage between the species with this kind of rearrangement and other Epeorus species were observed. Phylogenetic analyses show that three subgenera, Proepeorus, Belovius and Iron, are not monophyletic groups, and our results imply that gill structures are not always appropriate for the classification of subgenera in Epeorus. Abstract Epeorus Eaton, 1881 is a diverse mayfly genus in Heptageniidae comprising more than 100 species which are further divided into nine subgenera and several species groups. However, the classification and the phylogenetic relationships among them are still uncertain. Here, 15 complete mitochondrial genomes of Epeorus were sequenced and compared together with six available ones of same genus in the NCBI database. Based on morphological classification, the 21 mitogenomes were classified into six subgenera (Proepeorus, Epeorus s.str., Belovius, Iron, Caucasiron and Siniron) and four species groups (G1, G2, montanus and longimanus). Among all analyzed mitogenomes, the gene rearrangement of trnI-trnM-trnQ-NCR-ND2 was first found occurring in three species of group G1, whereas the gene block trnI-trnM-trnQ-trnM-ND2 was observed in all other mitogenomes of Epeorus. Furthermore, the genetic composition and codon usage of species in group G1 were also significantly different from all other Epeorus species, except group longimanus. The intergenic spacer between trnA and trnR, which has the stem-loop secondary structure, occurred in all 21 mitogenomes, and the sequences of stems and loops were conserved within species groups. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of all species groups, although three of six recognized subgenera Proepeorus, Belovius, and Iron, were shown as the non-monophyletic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (R.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (R.L.); (X.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Binqing Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment/State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation, Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Xuhongyi Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (R.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Changfa Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.M.); (R.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Tong Y, Wu L, Lin YJ, Ayivi SPG, Storey KB, Zhang JY, Yu DN. The first complete mitochondrial genome of Hexagenia rigida Mc Dunnough, 1924 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and its phylogeny. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1093-1095. [PMID: 35756439 PMCID: PMC9225702 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2086498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationship of Ephemeridae (Insect: Ephemeroptera) remains hotly debated using mitochondrial (mt) genomes. All previously reported mt genomes of Ephemeridae belong to the genus Ephemera. This study provides the first complete mt genome sequence from the genus Hexagenia with an analysis of the mitogenome of Hexagenia rigida Mc Dunnough, 1924 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and providing new information to discuss the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera. The complete mt genome of H. rigida was a circular molecule of 16,159 bp in length, containing 37 genes (2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes), which showed the typical mt gene arrangement of insects. The AT content of the whole genome was 70.0% and the length of the control region was 1091 bp. All protein-coding genes used ATN as the start codon, and most PCGs used TAA/TAG as the stop codons excluding COI, COII, ND5 and Cyt b that used T as the stop codon. BI and ML phylogenetic trees constructed from 27 species of 13 families showed that Ephemeridae is a sister clade to the clade Polymitarcyidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Jie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Na Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Li XF, Sun YK, Liu ZY, Jacobus LM, Xiao W. A new species of Notacanthella Jacobus & McCafferty, 2008 (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae) from Yunnan, China. Zookeys 2022; 1103:25-44. [PMID: 36761787 PMCID: PMC9848866 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1103.82984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notacanthellajinwu Li & Jacobus, sp. nov. is described based on egg, nymph, and winged stages from Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The nymph of the new species is closely related to N.commodema (Allen, 1971), whose nymphs share a similar tuberculation of head, pronotum, and mesonotum. However, the nymph of our new species can be distinguished based on the structures of male sternum IX and abdominal tergal tubercles. In addition, the new species is distributed in subtropical high-altitude areas. The description of the male imago of the new species is the first certain one for the genus Notacanthella. Data associated with our new species allow for expanded discussion and diagnosis of Notacanthella and closely related genera. An identification key for nymphs of these groups is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Fu Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China,Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, Columbus 47203, IN, USA
| | - Ye-Kang Sun
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Zi-Ye Liu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Luke M. Jacobus
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Tree Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China,Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, Columbus 47203, IN, USA
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13
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Tong Y, Wu L, Ayivi SPG, Storey KB, Ma Y, Yu DN, Zhang JY. Cryptic Species Exist in Vietnamella sinensis Hsu, 1936 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Studies of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050412. [PMID: 35621748 PMCID: PMC9143467 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ephemeroptera (Insecta: Pterygota) are widely distributed all over the world with more than 3500 species. During the last decade, the phylogenetic relationships within Ephemeroptera have been a hot topic of research, especially regarding the phylogenetic relationships among Vietnamellidae. In this study, three mitochondrial genomes from three populations of Vienamella sinensis collected from Tonglu (V. sinensis TL), Chun’an (V. sinensis CN), and Qingyuan (V. sinensis QY) in Zhejiang Province, China were compared to discuss the potential existence of cryptic species. We also established their phylogenetic relationship by combining the mt genomes of 69 Ephemeroptera downloaded from NCBI. The mt genomes of V. sinensis TL, V. sinensis CN, and V. sinensis QY showed the same gene arrangement with lengths of 15,674 bp, 15,674 bp, and 15,610 bp, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of these three mt genomes revealed significant differences in mt genome organization, genetic distance, and divergence time. Our results showed that the specimens collected from Chun’an and Tonglu in Zhejiang Province, China belonged to V. sinensis, and the specimens collected from Qingyuan, Zhejiang Province, China were a cryptic species of V. sinensis. In maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, the monophyly of the family Vietnamellidae was supported and Vietnamellidae has a close relationship with Ephemerellidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
| | - Lian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
| | - Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada;
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); or (J.-Y.Z.)
| | - Dan-Na Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (Y.T.); (L.W.); (S.P.G.A.); (D.-N.Y.)
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); or (J.-Y.Z.)
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14
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Zuo Q, Zhang Z, Shen Y. Novel mitochondrial gene rearrangements pattern in the millipede Polydesmus sp. GZCS-2019 and phylogenetic analysis of the Myriapoda. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8764. [PMID: 35356579 PMCID: PMC8948135 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The subphylum Myriapoda included four extant classes (Chilopoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, and Pauropoda). Due to the limitation of taxon sampling, the phylogenetic relationships within Myriapoda remained contentious, especially for Diplopoda. Herein, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Polydesmus sp. GZCS-2019 (Myriapoda: Polydesmida) and the mitochondrial genomes are circular molecules of 15,036 bp, with all genes encoded on + strand. The A+T content is 66.1%, making the chain asymmetric, and exhibits negative AT-skew (-0.236). Several genes rearrangements were detected and we propose a new rearrangement model: "TD (N\R) L + C" based on the genome-scale duplication + (non-random/random) loss + recombination. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Chilopoda and Symphyla both were monophyletic group, whereas Pauropoda was embedded in Diplopoda to form the Dignatha. Divergence time showed the first split of Myriapoda occurred between the Chilopoda and other classes (Wenlock period of Silurian). We combine phylogenetic analysis, divergence time, and gene arrangement to yield valuable insights into the evolutionary history and classification relationship of Myriapoda and these results support a monophyletic Progoneata and the relationship (Chilopoda + (Symphyla + (Diplopoda + Pauropoda))) within myriapod. Our results help to better explain the gene rearrangement events of the invertebrate mitogenome and lay the foundation for further phylogenetic study of Myriapoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education)School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yanjun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal BiologySchool of Life SciencesChongqing Normal UniversityChongqingChina
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Li R, Ma Z, Zhou C. The First Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Neoephemeridae (Ephemeroptera): Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Implication for Furcatergalia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121875. [PMID: 34946823 PMCID: PMC8702025 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayflies of the family Neoephemeridae are widespread in the Holarctic and Oriental regions, and its phylogenetic position is still unstable in the group Furcatergalia (mayflies with fringed gills). In the present study, we determined the complete mitogenomes of two species, namely Potamanthellus edmundsi and Pulchephemera projecta, of this family. The lengths of two mitogenomes were 15,274 bp and 16,031 bp with an A + T content of 73.38% and 73.07%, respectively. Two neoephemerid mitogenomes had a similar gene size, base composition, and codon usage of protein-coding genes (PCGs), and the sequenced gene arrangements were consistent with the putative ancestral insect mitogenomes as understood today. The most variable gene of Furcatergalia mitogenomes was ND2, while the most conserved gene was COI. Meanwhile, the analysis of selection pressures showed that ND6 and ATP8 exhibited a relaxed purifying selection, and COI was under the strongest purifying selection. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on two concatenated nucleotide datasets using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) estimations yielded robust identical topologies. These results corroborated the monophyly of seven studied families and supported the family Leptophlebiidae as being of the basal lineage of Furcatergalia. Additionally, the sister-group relationship of Caenidae and Neoephemeridae was well supported. Methodologically, our present study provides a general reference for future phylogenetic studies of Ephemeroptera at the mitogenome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (R.L.); (Z.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhenxing Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (R.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Changfa Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (R.L.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Comparative Analysis of Eight Mitogenomes of Bark Beetles and Their Phylogenetic Implications. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100949. [PMID: 34680718 PMCID: PMC8538572 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Many bark beetles are destructive pests in coniferous forests and cause extensive ecological and economic losses worldwide. Comparative studies of the structural characteristics of mitogenomes and phylogenetic relationships of bark beetles can improve our understanding of mitogenome evolution. In this study, we sequenced eight mitogenomes of bark beetles. Our results show that the use of start and stop codons, the abundance of amino acids, and the relative frequency of codon use are conserved among the eight bark beetles. Different regions of tRNA exhibit different degrees of conservatism. Together with the analysis of evolutionary rates and genetic distance among bark beetle species, our results reveal phylogenetic relationships among bark beetles of the subfamily Scolytinae. Abstract Many bark beetles of the subfamily Scolytinae are the most economically important insect pests of coniferous forests worldwide. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of eight bark beetle species, including Dendroctonus micans, Orthotomicus erosus, Polygraphus poligraphus, Dryocoetes hectographus, Ips nitidus, Ips typographus, Ips subelongatus, and Ips hauseri, to examine their structural characteristics and determine their phylogenetic relationships. We also used previously published mitochondrial genome sequence data from other Scolytinae species to identify and localize the eight species studied within the bark beetle phylogeny. Their gene arrangement matched the presumed ancestral pattern of these bark beetles. Start and stop codon usage, amino acid abundance, and the relative codon usage frequencies were conserved among bark beetles. Genetic distances between species ranged from 0.037 to 0.418, and evolutionary rates of protein-coding genes ranged from 0.07 for COI to 0.69 for ND2. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of several bark beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae and highlight the need for further sequencing analyses and taxonomic revisions in additional bark beetle species.
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Yu DN, Yu PP, Zhang LP, Storey KB, Gao XY, Zhang JY. Increasing 28 mitogenomes of Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera support the Chiastomyaria hypothesis with three different outgroup combinations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11402. [PMID: 34221707 PMCID: PMC8231340 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylogenetic relationships of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies) remain unresolved. Different researchers have supported one of three hypotheses (Palaeoptera, Chiastomyaria or Metapterygota) based on data from different morphological characters and molecular markers, sometimes even re-assessing the same transcriptomes or mitochondrial genomes. The appropriate choice of outgroups and more taxon sampling is thought to eliminate artificial phylogenetic relationships and obtain an accurate phylogeny. Hence, in the current study, we sequenced 28 mt genomes from Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Plecoptera to further investigate phylogenetic relationships, the probability of each of the three hypotheses, and to examine mt gene arrangements in these species. We selected three different combinations of outgroups to analyze how outgroup choice affected the phylogenetic relationships of Odonata and Ephemeroptera. METHODS Mitochondrial genomes from 28 species of mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies and stoneflies were sequenced. We used Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses for each dataset to reconstruct an accurate phylogeny of these winged insect orders. The effect of outgroup choice was assessed by separate analyses using three outgroups combinations: (a) four bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, (b) five bristletails and three silverfish as outgroups, or (c) five diplurans as outgroups. RESULTS Among these sequenced mitogenomes we found the gene arrangement IMQM in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera), and an inverted and translocated tRNA-Ile between the 12S RNA gene and the control region in Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera). The IMQM gene arrangement in Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) can be explained via the tandem-duplication and random loss model, and the transposition and inversion of tRNA-Ile genes in Ephemerellidae can be explained through the recombination and tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supported the Chiastomyaria hypothesis in three different outgroup combinations in BI analyses. The results also show that suitable outgroups are very important to determining phylogenetic relationships in the rapid evolution of insects especially among Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The mt genome is a suitable marker to investigate the phylogeny of inter-order and inter-family relationships of insects but outgroup choice is very important for deriving these relationships among winged insects. Hence, we must carefully choose the correct outgroup in order to discuss the relationships of Ephemeroptera and Odonata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Na Yu
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yu
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-Ping Zhang
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Xin-Yan Gao
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhang
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- The Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Li R, Lei Z, Li W, Zhang W, Zhou C. Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Heptageniid Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera): Conserved Intergenic Spacer and tRNA Gene Duplication. INSECTS 2021; 12:170. [PMID: 33669334 PMCID: PMC7920270 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large intergenic spacers and tRNA gene duplications have been reported in several insect groups, although little is known about mitogenomes of mayflies. Here, we determined complete mitogenomes of ten heptageniid species and systemically analyzed their mitogenomic features. Both a conserved intergenic spacer (IGS) and trnM duplication were detected in those mitogenomes. The IGS, which was observed in heptageniids, could be further folded into a stable stem-loop structure. The tRNA gene duplication was found in almost all analyzed mitogenomes, and a unique gene block trnI-trnM-trnQ-trnM-ND2 was also discovered. Our analysis demonstrates that the heptageniid gene arrangement pattern can be explained by the tandem duplication-random loss (TDRL) model. Phylogenetic analyses using both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence data recovered the genus Epeorus as monophyletic with strong support. Our results provide a better understanding of mitogenomic evolution in Heptageniidae, as well as novel molecular markers for species identification of mayflies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changfa Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (R.L.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (W.Z.)
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