Preparation and evaluation of functional allopurinol imprinted starch based biomaterials for transdermal drug delivery

Preparation of niacinamide imprinted starch-based biomaterials for treating of hyperpigmentation

The aim of this study was to prepare niacinamide (NA) imprinted biomaterials for treating hyperpigmentation using mungbean starch (MS), PVA, and plasticizers (glycerol (GL) and citric acid (CA)). Biomaterials and NA were characterized by FE-SEM, FT-IR, and ¹H NMR. To evaluate the applicability of the NA imprinted biomaterials for a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), NA release experiment was conducted in different pH and temperature conditions. Results of NA release properties indicated that NA was released about 99 % rapidly in the initial 10 min. NA release in low pH and high temperature was also higher than that in high pH and low temperature. The determination of experimental conditions and the analysis of NA release results were achieved using response surface methodology (RSM). Results of NA release using artificial skin indicated that NA release from NA imprinted biomaterials was increased at a relatively steady rate for 90 min. To verify for treating hyperpigmentation of the prepared biomaterials, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant inhibitory were performed. Results indicated that NA imprinted biomaterials with the addition of CA exhibited 55.8 % of tyrosinase inhibitory and 73.0 % of antioxidant inhibitory. In addition, their ability to inhibit melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells was evaluated.

Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of Febuxostat Tablet for Obtaining Biphasic Drug Release Profile

Aim and Objective The primary aim of the present investigation was to adopt the concept of quality by design (QbD) for developing Febuxostat matrix tablets containing a novel combination of polyethylene oxide (PEO), pre-gelatinized starch (PGS) and lactose for obtaining biphasic drug release. Experimental work Febuxostat-containing matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression using 32 full factorial designs. The tablets were prepared with varying amounts of PEO WSR 301 to PGS and lactose to obtain the desired release pattern. The chosen responses were cumulative % drug released at 1, 6 and 12 hours. The evaluation of tablets was done for pre and post-compressional parameters. Compared with the marketed tablet, the optimized formulations were selected based on in vitro drug release. Dose dumping was checked in the dissolution medium containing up to 40% alcohol. Result and discussion The results of the dissolution study indicated that the batch containing a 1:1 ratio of PEO WSR 301 and PGS (15 mg each) and 20 mg of Lactose showed fast initial drug release to imitate the pharmacological action followed by sustained drug release effect. The use of Lactose facilitated immediate drug release, while PEO WSR 301 and PGS exhibited the opposite effect on cumulative drug release. The results of the 32 Factorial design revealed that the concentration of Lactose is a critical parameter. Dose dumping was not observed in the alcoholic dissolution medium. Kinetic equations were fitted to the dissolution data after 1 hour of the dissolution study. Conclusion The type (soluble or swellable) and the concentration of excipients (low or high) dictate the tablets' drug release. The study's outcome revealed that the most critical material attribute is the amount of lactose. The novel combination of PEO, PGS and lactose can bypass existing patents and give more industrial applicability.

Natural polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymeric platforms for transdermal drug delivery system: a critical analysis

Natural biodegradable polymers generally include polysaccharides (starch, alginate, chitin/chitosan, hyaluronic acid derivatives, etc.) and proteins (collagen, gelatin, fibrin, etc.). In transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), these polymers play a vital role in controlling the device's drug release. It is possible that natural polymers can be used for TDDS to attain predetermined drug delivery rates due to their physicochemical properties. These polymers can be employed to market products and scale production because they are readily available and inexpensive. As a result of these polymers, new pharmaceutical delivery systems can be developed that is both regulated and targeted. The focus of this article is the application of a biodegradable polymeric platform based on natural polymers for TDDS. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural biodegradable polymers are frequently used in biomedical applications. Additionally, these natural biodegradable polymers are being studied for their characteristics and behaviors.

Synthesis and drug release properties of melanin added functional allopurinol incorporated starch-based biomaterials

The main objective of this study was to prepare functional allopurinol (ALP) incorporated biomaterials using mungbean starch, polyvinyl alcohol, melanin (MEL), and plasticizers. Prepared biomaterials were characterized by FE-SEM and FT-IR analysis. Photothermal conversion efficiencies and ALP release properties of biomaterials were evaluated with NIR laser irradiation. When biomaterials were irradiated with the NIR laser, temperatures increase of MEL-added biomaterials were higher than those of MEL-non-added biomaterials. After NIR laser irradiation, ALP release rates of MEL-added biomaterials were 1.62 times faster than those of MEL-non-added biomaterials. In addition, ALP release using an artificial skin was increased by NIR laser irradiation. ALP release from biomaterials followed Fickian diffusion mechanism, while ALP release using an artificial skin followed a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory (%) for MEL-added biomaterials with/without the addition of GL and XL were 47.5%, 61.7%, and 65.1%, respectively.