Study on preparation and application of a multifunctional microspheric soil conditioner based on Arabic gum, gelatin, chitosan and β-cyclodextrin

Nano/Micro-Structural Supramolecular Biopolymers: Innovative Networks with the Boundless Potential in Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for food while minimizing adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of synthetic pesticides and conventional fertilizers. In this context, renewable biopolymers being more sustainable offer a viable solution to improve agricultural sustainability and production. Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers are among these innovative biopolymers that are much sought after for their unique features. These biomaterials have complex hierarchical structures, great stability, adjustable mechanical strength, stimuli-responsiveness, and self-healing attributes. Functional molecules may be added to their flexible structure, for enabling novel agricultural uses. This overview scrutinizes how nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may radically alter farming practices and solve lingering problems in agricultural sector namely improve agricultural production, soil health, and resource efficiency. Controlled bioactive ingredient released from biopolymers allows the tailored administration of agrochemicals, bioactive agents, and biostimulators as they enhance nutrient absorption, moisture retention, and root growth. Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may protect crops by appending antimicrobials and biosensing entities while their eco-friendliness supports sustainable agriculture. Despite their potential, further studies are warranted to understand and optimize their usage in agricultural domain. This effort seeks to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating their applications, challenges, and future prospects in the agricultural sector. Through experimental investigations and theoretical modeling, this overview aims to provide valuable insights into the practical implementation and optimization of supramolecular biopolymers in sustainable agriculture, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative and eco-friendly solutions to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.

Development of hydrophobic, mechanically reliable, and glow-in-the-dark glue using Arabic gum

A smart nanocomposite adhesive was created to facilitate a simple production of long-persistent photoluminescent and hydrophobic commercial products. Even after being left in the dark for up to 90 min, the created photoluminescent adhesive agent continued to generate light. A surface-specific nanocomposite adhesive agent consisting of lanthanide-activated strontium aluminate (LSA) nanoparticles (NPs; 5-14 nm) immobilized in the environmentally friendly Arabic gum (AG) was developed. A light-transmitting nanocomposite adhesive agent was manufactured by dispersing LSA nanoparticles evenly across the AG matrix without agglomeration. An excitation peak at 365 nm and an emission wavelength at 519 nm were observed for the prepared adhesives at different concentrations of LSA NPs. The emission spectra showed either fluorescence or afterglow phosphorescence, depending on the LSA ratio. The photochromic transition from colourless to green beneath an ultraviolet (UV) lamp and greenish yellow in a dark room was tracked. The LSA NPs in the Arabic gum matrix imparted enhanced hydrophobicity and scratch resistance to the LSA@AG nanocomposite. The LSA@AG nanocomposite demonstrated excellent durability and photostability. This study confirmed that the mass production of smart adhesives for applications such as smart windows, smart packaging, and safety directional signs in buildings is possible.

Azospirillum brasilense AbV5/6 encapsulation in dual-crosslinked beads based on cationic starch

The main challenge of agriculture is feeding the growing population and at the same time providing environmental sustainability. Using Azospirillum brasilense as a biofertilizer has proved to be a promising solution. However, its prevalence in soil has not been efficient due to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, to overcome this drawback, we encapsulated the A. brasilense AbV5 and AbV6 strains in a dual-crosslinked bead based on cationic starch. The starch was previously modified with ethylenediamine by an alkylation approach. Then, the beads were obtained by a dripping technique, crosslinking sodium tripolyphosphate with a blend containing starch, cationic starch, and chitosan. The AbV5/6 strains were encapsulated into the hydrogel beads by a swelling diffusion method followed by desiccation. Plants treated with encapsulated AbV5/6 cells showed an increase in the root length by 19 %, shoot fresh weight by 17 %, and the content of chlorophyll b by 71 %. The encapsulation of AbV5/6 strains showed to keep A. brasilense viability for at least 60 days and efficiency to promote maize growth.