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Du X, Kang M, Yang C, Yao X, Zheng L, Wu Y, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Sun Y. Construction and analysis of the immune effect of two different vaccine types based on Vibrio harveyi VgrG. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109494. [PMID: 38499217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi poses a significant threat to fish and invertebrates in mariculture, resulting in substantial financial repercussions for the aquaculture sector. Valine-glycine repeat protein G (VgrG) is essential for the type VI secretion system's (T6SS) assembly and secretion. VgrG from V. harveyi QT520 was cloned and analyzed in this study. The localization of VgrG was determined by Western blot, which revealed that it was located in the cytoplasm, secreted extracellularly, and attached to the membrane. The effectiveness of two vaccinations against V. harveyi infection-a subunit vaccine (rVgrG) and a DNA vaccine (pCNVgrG) prepared with VgrG was evaluated. The findings indicated that both vaccines provided a degree of protection against V. harveyi challenge. At 4 weeks post-vaccination (p.v.), the rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited relative percent survival rates (RPS) of 71.43% and 76.19%, respectively. At 8 weeks p.v., the RPS for rVgrG and pCNVgrG were 68.21% and 72.71%, respectively. While both rVgrG and pCNVgrG elicited serum antibody production, the subunit vaccinated fish demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum anti-VgrG specific antibodies than the DNA vaccine group. The result of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Iα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFNγ), and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) were up-regulated by both rVgrG and pCNVgrG. Fish vaccinated with rVgrG and pCNVgrG exhibited increased activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and lysozyme. These findings suggest that VgrG from V. harveyi holds potential for application in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Du
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Minjie Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunhuan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinping Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lvliang Zheng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yun Sun
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Hespanhol JT, Karman L, Sanchez-Limache DE, Bayer-Santos E. Intercepting biological messages: Antibacterial molecules targeting nucleic acids during interbacterial conflicts. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220266. [PMID: 36880694 PMCID: PMC9990079 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria live in polymicrobial communities and constantly compete for resources. These organisms have evolved an array of antibacterial weapons to inhibit the growth or kill competitors. The arsenal comprises antibiotics, bacteriocins, and contact-dependent effectors that are either secreted in the medium or directly translocated into target cells. During bacterial antagonistic encounters, several cellular components important for life become a weak spot prone to an attack. Nucleic acids and the machinery responsible for their synthesis are well conserved across the tree of life. These molecules are part of the information flow in the central dogma of molecular biology and mediate long- and short-term storage for genetic information. The aim of this review is to summarize the diversity of antibacterial molecules that target nucleic acids during antagonistic interbacterial encounters and discuss their potential to promote the emergence antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Takuno Hespanhol
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lior Karman
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ethel Bayer-Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hespanhol JT, Sanchez-Limache DE, Nicastro GG, Mead L, Llontop EE, Chagas-Santos G, Farah CS, de Souza RF, Galhardo RDS, Lovering AL, Bayer-Santos E. Antibacterial T6SS effectors with a VRR-Nuc domain are structure-specific nucleases. eLife 2022; 11:e82437. [PMID: 36226828 PMCID: PMC9635880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) secretes antibacterial effectors into target competitors. Salmonella spp. encode five phylogenetically distinct T6SSs. Here, we characterize the function of the SPI-22 T6SS of Salmonella bongori showing that it has antibacterial activity and identify a group of antibacterial T6SS effectors (TseV1-4) containing an N-terminal PAAR-like domain and a C-terminal VRR-Nuc domain encoded next to cognate immunity proteins with a DUF3396 domain (TsiV1-4). TseV2 and TseV3 are toxic when expressed in Escherichia coli and bacterial competition assays confirm that TseV2 and TseV3 are secreted by the SPI-22 T6SS. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that TseV1-4 are evolutionarily related to enzymes involved in DNA repair. TseV3 recognizes specific DNA structures and preferentially cleave splayed arms, generating DNA double-strand breaks and inducing the SOS response in target cells. The crystal structure of the TseV3:TsiV3 complex reveals that the immunity protein likely blocks the effector interaction with the DNA substrate. These results expand our knowledge on the function of Salmonella pathogenicity islands, the evolution of toxins used in biological conflicts, and the endogenous mechanisms regulating the activity of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Takuno Hespanhol
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Liam Mead
- Department of Biosciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Edgar Enrique Llontop
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gustavo Chagas-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Chuck Shaker Farah
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Robson Francisco de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Galhardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Andrew L Lovering
- Department of Biosciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Ethel Bayer-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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