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Saleh SR, Saleh OM, El-Bessoumy AA, Sheta E, Ghareeb DA, Eweda SM. The Therapeutic Potential of Two Egyptian Plant Extracts for Mitigating Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats: Nrf2/HO-1 and RANK/RANKL/OPG Signals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38247490 PMCID: PMC10812806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (Dex), is the most prevalent secondary cause of osteoporosis, known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). The current study examined the preventative and synergistic effect of aqueous chicory extract (ACE) and ethanolic purslane extract (EPE) on GIO compared with Alendronate (ALN). The phytochemical contents, elemental analysis, antioxidant scavenging activity, and ACE and EPE combination index were evaluated. Rats were randomly divided into control, ACE, EPE, and ACE/EPE MIX groups (100 mg/kg orally), Dex group (received 1.5 mg Dex/kg, Sc), and four treated groups received ACE, EPE, ACE/EPE MIX, and ALN with Dex. The bone mineral density and content, bone index, growth, turnover, and oxidative stress were measured. The molecular analysis of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways were also evaluated. Dex causes osteoporosis by increasing oxidative stress, decreasing antioxidant markers, reducing bone growth markers (OPG and OCN), and increasing bone turnover and resorption markers (NFATc1, RANKL, ACP, ALP, IL-6, and TNF-α). In contrast, ACE, EPE, and ACE/EPE MIX showed a prophylactic effect against Dex-induced osteoporosis by modulating the measured parameters and the histopathological architecture. In conclusion, ACE/EPE MIX exerts a powerful synergistic effect against GIO by a mode of action different from ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Omnia M. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. El-Bessoumy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
| | - Eman Sheta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt;
| | - Doaa A. Ghareeb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Saber M. Eweda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (O.M.S.); (A.A.E.-B.); (D.A.G.); (S.M.E.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Thambi A, Chakraborty K. A novel anti-hyperglycemic sulfated pyruvylated polysaccharide from marine macroalga Hydropuntia edulis. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2987-2999. [PMID: 36346361 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase is a crucial enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism by degrading incretins, such as glucagon-like-peptide-1, thereby reducing insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells. Consequently, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors are an important remedial approach to moderate the hyperglycemic pathophysiology. A pyruvylated polysaccharide characterized as [→3)-4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-β-D-galp-(2SO3-)-(1→4)-3,6-α-L-AnGalp-(2OMe)-(1→], isolated from the marine macroalga Hydropuntia edulis, showed attenuation potential against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (IC50 4.44 μM). The structure was elucidated using mass and one/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses of hydrolyzed polysaccharide besides glycosidic linkages obtained from partially methylated alditol acetate derivative. The isolated polysaccharide also revealed potential anti-carbolytic properties against α-amylase/α-glucosidase (IC50 45-47 μM). The results proved the candidacy of pyruvylated polysaccharide isolated from H. edulis as a potential therapeutic lead against hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Thambi
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Kerala, India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
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Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124021. [PMID: 36921815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides are effective immunostimulating agents by activating several intracellular signaling pathways. A sulfated (1 → 3)/(1 → 4)-linked galactofucan TCP-3 with promising immunomodulatory effects was purified from a marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. The immune-enhancing potential of TCP-3 (100-400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed animals by increasing bone marrow cellularity (10-13 cells/femur/mL x 106), α-esterase activity (1200-1700 number of positive cells/4000 BMC), interferon-γ (1.31-1.49 pg/mL), interleukin-2 (3.49-3.99 pg/mL) secretion, and WBC count (> 3000 cells/cu mm). The proliferation of lymphocytes for in vitro and in vivo conditions was enhanced by administering TCP-3 besides regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6/1β/12, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β), and an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. A promising reduction of viral copy formation was observed by administering TCP-3 (< 2 × 107 number) on SARS CoV-2 (delta variant) induced Vero cells in comparison with the infected group (> 5 × 107 number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
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Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Apoptotic effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata on hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113363. [PMID: 35944609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein or cellular tumor antigen p53, is considered a critical transcriptional regulation factor, which can suppress the growth of tumor cells by activating other functional genes. The current study appraised the p53 activation pathways, which could be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma. Algal polysaccharides have been used as emerging sources of bioactive natural pharmacophores. A sulfated galactofucan characterized as [→1)-O-4-sulfonato-α-fucopyranose-(3 → 1)-α-fucopyranose-(3→] as the main branch with [→1)-6-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranose-(4→] as side chain isolated from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata exhibited prospective apoptosis on HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF7 (ductal carcinoma) cells. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide study displayed higher early apoptosis in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines (56 and 24.2%, respectively) treated with TOP-3 (at IC50 concentration) than those administered with standard camptothecin. Upregulation of the p53 gene expression was perceived in TOP-3 treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India; Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
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