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Shakeel U, Zhang Y, Topakas E, Wang W, Liang C, Qi W. Unraveling interplay between lignocellulosic structures caused by chemical pretreatments in enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122037. [PMID: 38553235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the interplay between substrate structure and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) efficiency, poplar was pretreated with acidic sodium-chlorite (ASC), 3 % sodium-hydroxide (3-SH), and 3 % sulfuric acid (3-SA), resulting in different glucose yields of 94.10 %, 74.35 %, and 24.51 %, respectively, of pretreated residues. Residues were fractionated into cellulose, lignin and unhydrolyzed residue after EH (for lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) analysis) and analyzed using HPLC, FTIR, XPS, CP MAS 13C NMR and 2D-NMR (Lignin and LCC analysis). After delignification, holocellulose exhibited a dramatic increase in glucose yield (74.35 % to 90.82 % for 3-SH and 24.51 % to 80.0 % for 3-SA). Structural analysis of holocellulose suggested the synergistic interplay among cellulose allomorphs to limit glucose yield. Residual lignin analysis from un/pretreated residues indicated that higher β-β' contents and S/G ratios were favorable to the inhibitory effect but unfavourable to the holocellulose digestibility and followed the trend in the following order: 3-SA (L3) > 3-SH (L2) > native-lignin (L1). Analysis of enzymatically unhydrolyzed pretreated residues revealed the presence of benzyl ether (BE1,2) LCC and phenyl glycoside (PG) bond linking to xylose (X) and mannose (M), which yielded a xylan-lignin-glucomannan network. The stability, steric hindrance and hydrophobicity of this network may play a central role in defining poplar recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Shakeel
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- InduBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Lakmini LMN, Deshan ADK, Bartley J, Rackemann D, Moghaddam L. One pot synthesis of furan-modified lignin from agricultural waste via lignin-first approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130728. [PMID: 38657827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated a lignin-first approach to produce furan-modified lignin from sugarcane bagasse (SB), rice hull (RH), and sunn hemp biomass (SHB) using 5 methylfurfural (MF) and 5 methul-2-furanmethanol (MFM). The reaction time (5 h) was selected based on the delignification of SB using methanol and Ru/C catalyst which yielded the highest hydroxyl content. Delignification of SB with various MF weight ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) revealed that 1:1 and 2:1 ratios produced the highest hydroxyl content (7.7 mmol/g) and bio-oil yield (23.2 % wt% total weight). Further exploration identified that RH and MF at 1:1 ratio and SHB and MF at a 2:1 ratio produced the highest hydroxyl content (13.0 mmol/g) and bio-oil yield (31.6 % wt% tot. weight). This study developed a one-step method to extract and modify lignin with furan compounds simultaneously while opening new avenues for developing value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loku Mannage N Lakmini
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy, School of Chemistry & Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Athukoralage Don K Deshan
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - John Bartley
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Darryn Rackemann
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy, School of Chemistry & Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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Shakeel U, Zhang Y, Liang C, Wang W, Qi W. Unrevealing the influence of reagent properties on disruption and digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass during alkaline pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131193. [PMID: 38552703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Beyond the conventional consideration of pretreatment severity (PS) responsible for biomass disruption, the influence of reagent properties on biomass (LCB) disruption is often overlooked. To investigate the LCB disruption as a function of reagent properties, reagents with distinct cations (NaOH and KOH) and significantly higher delignification potential were chosen. NaOH solution (3 % w/v) with a measured pH of 13.05 ± 0.01 is considered the reference, against which a KOH solution (pH = 13.05 ± 0.01) was prepared for LCB pretreatment under the same PS. Despite comparable lignin content, varying glucose yield of NaOH (68.76 %) and KOH (46.88 %) pretreated residues indicated the presence of heterogeneously disrupted substrate. Holocellulose extracted from raw poplar (ASC, control) and alkaline pretreated residues (C-NaOH and C-KOH) were analyzed using HPLC, XRD, SEM, TGA/DTG, XPS, and 13CP MAS NMR to investigate the pretreatment-induced structural modification. Results revealed that, despite the same pretreatment severity, better disruption in C-NaOH (higher accessible fibril surface and less-ordered region) leading to higher digestibility than C-KOH, likely due to the smaller ionic radius of Na+, facilitates better penetration into dense LCB matrix. This study elucidates the importance of considering the reagent properties during LCB pretreatment, eventually enhancing consciousness while selecting reagents for efficient LCB utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Shakeel
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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4
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Wang WY, Guo BX, Wang R, Liu HM, Qin Z. Revealing the structural changes of lignin in Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruit as it matures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130718. [PMID: 38460651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Chinese quince fruits (Chaenomeles sinensis) contain substantial amounts of lignin; however, the exact structure of lignin remains to be investigated. In this study, milled wood lignins (Milled wood lignin (MWL)-1, MWL-2, MWL-3, MWL-4, MWL-5, and MWL-6) were extracted from fruits harvested once a month from May to October 2019 to investigate their structural evolution during fruit growth. The samples were characterized via High-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric (TGA), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and NMR (2D-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 31P). The MWL samples in all fruit growth stages were GS-type lignin and lignin core undergoing minimal alterations during fruit development. The predominant linkage in the lignin structure was β-O-4', followed by β-β' and β-5'. Galactose and glucose were the main monosaccharides associated with MWL. In MWL-6, the lignin exhibited the highest homogeneity and thermal stability. As the fruit matured, a gradual increase in the β-O-4' proportion and the ratio of S/G was observed. The results provide comprehensive characterization of the cell wall lignin of quince fruit as it matures. This study could inspire innovative applications of quince fruit lignin and provide the optimal harvest time for lignin utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing-Xin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Wannid P, Hararak B, Padee S, Klinsukhon W, Suwannamek N, Raita M, Champreda V, Prahsarn C. Fiber Melt Spinning and Thermo-Stabilization of Para-Rubber Wood Lignin: An Approach for Fully Biomass Precursor Preparation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33891-33903. [PMID: 37744868 PMCID: PMC10515410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Para-rubber wood (PRW) lignin, extracted from agricultural waste, was successfully melt-spun to fibers and thermo-stabilized without employing auxiliary additives. 31P NMR analysis revealed that PRW-lignin contained mainly a syringyl unit of phenolic C5-substituted OH group, which enabled melt flow during fiber spinning, as well as a guaiacyl unit which offered the ability to cross-link during thermo-stabilization. Thermo-stabilized fibers with no fusion were achieved at 250 °C with the heating rate of 0.1 °C/min. Structural changes in the fibers during stabilization were systematically investigated using FTIR and XPS analyses. From the results, changes in the intensities of characteristic bands relating to C-H stretching, aromatic C-H stretching, and C=O stretching indicated structural changes of lignin toward aromaticity via oxidation reactions. XPS analysis of the fibers carbonized at 900, 1000, and 1200 °C revealed an increase in carbon content from 72 to 87 wt %. and a decrease in oxygen content from 28 to 13 wt %. with the increasing carbonization temperature. The weight loss of carbonized fibers was in the range of 73.6 to 88.7%. The high weight loss of fibers carbonized at 1200 °C was explained partly due to the thermal decomposition of disordered carbon. The tensile strength and modulus of carbonized fibers were 163.0 and 275.1 MPa, respectively. This study demonstrates an approach to prepare a fully biomass precursor fiber and contributes to the exploration of the potential use of lignin from biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapudsorn Wannid
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bongkot Hararak
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirada Padee
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wattana Klinsukhon
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaphop Suwannamek
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Marisa Raita
- National
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- National
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chureerat Prahsarn
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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6
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Faleva AV, Grishanovich IA, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS. Application of 2D NMR Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometric Tools for Classification of Natural Lignins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12403. [PMID: 37569778 PMCID: PMC10419134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is considered a promising renewable source of valuable chemical compounds and a feedstock for the production of various materials. Its suitability for certain directions of processing is determined by the chemical structure of its macromolecules. Its formation depends on botanical origin, isolation procedure and other factors. Due to the complexity of the chemical composition, revealing the structural differences between lignins of various origins is a challenging task and requires the use of the most informative methods for obtaining and processing data. In the present study, a combination of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra is proposed. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis techniques demonstrated the possibility to effectively classify lignins at the level of belonging to classes and families of plants, and in some cases individual species, with an error rate for data classification of 2.3%. The reverse transformation of loading plots into the corresponding HSQC loading spectra allowed for structural information to be obtained about the latent components of lignins and their structural fragments (biomarkers) responsible for certain differences. As a result of the analysis of 34 coniferous, deciduous, and herbaceous lignins, 10 groups of key substructures were established. In addition to syringyl, guaiacyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl monomeric units, they include various terminal substructures: dihydroconiferyl alcohol, balanopholin, cinnamic acids, and tricin. It was shown that, in some cases, the substructures formed during the partial destruction of biopolymer macromolecules also have a significant effect on the classification of lignins of various origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Faleva
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (I.A.G.); (N.V.U.)
| | | | | | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (I.A.G.); (N.V.U.)
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Li J, Liu B, Liu L, Luo Y, Zeng F, Qin C, Liang C, Huang C, Yao S. Pretreatment of poplar with eco-friendly levulinic acid to achieve efficient utilization of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128855. [PMID: 36898555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic acid pretreatment is an effective method for green separation of lignocellulosic biomass. However, repolymerization of lignin seriously affects the dissolution of hemicellulose and the conversion of cellulose during organic acid pretreatment. Therefore, a new organic acid pretreatment, levulinic acid (Lev) pretreatment, was studied for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass without adding additional additives. The preferred separation of hemicellulose was realized at Lev concentration 7.0%, temperature 170 °C, and time 100 min. The separation of hemicellulose increased from 58.38% to 82.05% compared with acetic acid pretreatment. It was found that the repolymerization of lignin was effectively inhibited in the efficient separation of hemicellulose. This was attributed to the fact that γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a good green scavenger of lignin fragments. The lignin fragments in the hydrolysate were effectively dissolved. The results provided theoretical support for creating green and efficient organic acid pretreatment and effectively inhibiting lignin repolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Baojie Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yadan Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Fanyan Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Wang D, Liu L, Shen R, Chen Y, Diao M, Yao J. Fascinating polyphenol lignin extracted from sawdust via a green and recyclable solvent route. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123780. [PMID: 36822281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity, heterogeneity and recalcitrant structure of lignin, the extraction of multifunctional lignin directly from lignocellulose is still a challenge. Here, a green and recyclable route was proposed to separate high-quality lignin and tailor its functionalities. Through tuning the components of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and separation procedures, DES extracted lignin (DESL) exhibited high purity of 99.6 %, yield of 83.2 % and phenolic hydroxyl content of 8.33 wt%. The results of FTIR and 13C NMR demonstrated that DESL possessed more oxygen-containing reactive groups compared with commercial lignin (CL), enabling DESL with more superior functional activities. DESL exhibited higher antioxidant activity with the DPPH capture rate of 73.2 %. Meanwhile, DESL showed strong bactericidal effects against E. coli (100 %) and S. aureus (100 %) due to higher phenolic hydroxyl content, which could destroy bacterial cell membranes and inhibit bacterial metabolism by interacting with phospholipid layer and protein. Additionally, DESL displayed strong UV absorption and could be blended with polyurethane to enhance UV shielding property of polyurethane composite film with >50 of UPF value. In summary, DES treatment is a suitable strategy for high-quality lignin separation, which opens a broad spectrum of possibilities for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Rongsheng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yangliu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mengyuan Diao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juming Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Shi QS, Zhong XQ, Guo Y, Xie XB. High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 36590981 PMCID: PMC9800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer of p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids with various biological activities. Noticeably, plants have made use of lignin as biocides to defend themselves from pathogen microbial invasions. Thus, the use of isolated lignin as environmentally benign antimicrobial is believed to be a promising high value approach for lignin valorization. On the other hand, as green and sustainable product of plant photosynthesis, lignin should be beneficial to reduce the carbon footprint of antimicrobial industry. There have been many reports that make use of lignin to prepare antimicrobials for different applications. However, lignin is highly heterogeneous polymers different in their monomers, linkages, molecular weight, and functional groups. The structure and property relationship, and the mechanism of action of lignin as antimicrobial remains ambiguous. To show light on these issues, we reviewed the publications on lignin chemistry, antimicrobial activity of lignin models and isolated lignin and associated mechanism of actions, approaches in synthesis of lignin with improved antimicrobial activity, and the applications of lignin as antimicrobial in different fields. Hopefully, this review will help and inspire researchers in the preparation of lignin antimicrobial for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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11
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Duan X, Wang X, Chen J, Liu G, Liu Y. Structural properties and antioxidation activities of lignins isolated from sequential two-step formosolv fractionation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24242-24251. [PMID: 36128527 PMCID: PMC9425160 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the solubility behavior of lignin in formic acid (FA) solution Phragmites australis biomass was subjected to a sequential two-step formosolv fractionation using 88% FA followed by 70% FA to obtain four specific lignin fractions, designated as IFL-88%, IFSL-70%, IFIL-70% and IFL-EtAc. The structures of the four isolated lignin fractions were successfully characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-HSQC NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Furthermore, the total phenolic content of the four isolated lignin samples was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu analysis. The data from structural properties revealed that depolymerization of the isolated lignin fractions occurred via β-O-4 cleavage, accompanied by competitive condensation reaction. Interestingly, 70% aqueous FA could separate specific lignin fractions with different antioxidant capacities of ABTS˙+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the high total phenolic hydroxyl content (25%) and low molecular weight (Mw = 2760 Da) and polydispersity index (PDI = 1.5), IFL-EtAc lignin showed excellent antioxidant activity at the same concentration of 2.0 mg mL−1 in comparison with three other isolated lignin fractions, and it was even equal to that of commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These findings are helpful to separate specific lignins with higher value as potential antioxidants by sequential two-step formosolv fractionation in lignin chemistry. Phragmites australis was subjected to a sequential two-step formosolv fractionation using 88% formic acid (FA) followed by 70% FA to obtain lignin fractions. The relationship between structure and antioxidation of the isolated lignin was elucidated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Zest Bridge Medical Technology Inc., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guijiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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