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Pan Y, Zhou Y, Du X, Xu W, Lu Y, Wang F, Jiang M. Preparation of Bio-Foam Material from Steam-Exploded Corn Straw by In Situ Esterification Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092222. [PMID: 37177369 PMCID: PMC10180570 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we engineered a corn-straw-based bio-foam material under the inspiration of the intrinsic morphology of the corn stem. The explosion pretreatment was applied to obtain a fibrillated cellulose starting material rich in lignin. The in situ esterification of cellulose was adopted to improve the cross-linking network of the as-developed foam bio-material. The esterification of lignin was observed in the same procedure, which provides a better cross-linking interaction. The esterified corn-straw-derived bio-foam material showed excellent elastic resilience performance with an elastic recovery ratio of 83% and an elastic modulus of 20 kPa. Meanwhile, with surface modification by hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene-functionalized lignin as the flame retardant (Lig-HCCP), the as-obtained bio-foam material demonstrated quite a good flame retardancy (with 27.3% of the LOI), as well as a heat insulation property. The corn-straw-derived bio-foam material is prospected to be a potential substitution packaging material for widely used petroleum-derived products. This work provides a new value-added application of the abundant agricultural straw biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wangjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Zeghlouli J, Schiavone N, Askanian H, Guendouz A, El Modafar C, Michaud P, Delattre C. Thermal, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of a BioPE Matrix Composite: Case of Shell, Pulp, and Argan Cake as Biofillers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2241. [PMID: 36984120 PMCID: PMC10055938 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion and hot compressing molding processes were used to create bio-polyethylene (BioPE) composites reinforced with argan byproducts (shell, pulp, and argan cake) as bio-fillers. The thermal stability of the composites wass analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Dynamical mechanical analysis and rheological testing were used to investigate their mechanical properties. The morphological results showed a good adhesion between the argan and BioPE matrix. More efficient mechanical properties have been distinguished in the case of argan byproduct-based composite. A higher Young's modulus was noted for all the biocomposites compared to pure BioPE. Thermal analysis revealed that the addition of bio-filler to polymer reduced decomposition temperatures. This study provides an ecological alternative for upgrading the valorization of abundant and underutilized Moroccan biomass. Furthermore, the possibility of using argan byproducts in composite manufacturing will help open up new markets for what is currently considered waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Zeghlouli
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, URL-CNRST 05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont Ferrand (ICCF), UMR 6296 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Haroutioun Askanian
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont Ferrand (ICCF), UMR 6296 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amine Guendouz
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, URL-CNRST 05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, URL-CNRST 05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Agustin-Salazar S, Ricciulli M, Ambrogi V, Cerruti P, Scarinzi G. Thermomechanical Properties and Biodegradation Behavior of Itaconic Anhydride-Grafted PLA/Pecan Nutshell Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245532. [PMID: 36559900 PMCID: PMC9785769 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lignocellulose-rich biowaste as reinforcing filler in biodegradable polymers represents a sustainable option to obtain cost-effective bio-based materials to be used for several applications. In addition, the scarce polymer-biofiller interaction can be improved by reactive functionalization of the matrix. However, the obtained biocomposites might show high thermal deformability and possibly a slow biodegradation rate. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) was first chemically modified with itaconic anhydride, and then biocomposites containing 50 wt.% of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nutshell (PNS) biowaste were prepared and characterized. Their physical and morphological properties were determined, along with their biodegradation behavior in soil. Moreover, the effects of two environmentally friendly physical treatments, namely ball-milling of the filler and thermal annealing on biocomposites, were assessed. Grafting increased PLA thermal-oxidative stability and crystallinity. The latter was further enhanced by the presence of PNS, achieving a 30% overall increase compared to the plain matrix. Accordingly, the biocomposites displayed mechanical properties comparable to those of the plain matrix. Thermal annealing dramatically increased the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of all materials, and the heat deflection temperature of the biocomposites dramatically increased up to 60 °C with respect to the non-annealed samples. Finally, PNS promoted PLA biodegradation, triggering the swelling of the composites under soil burial, and accelerating the removal of the polymer amorphous phase. These results highlight the potential of combining natural fillers and environmentally benign physicochemical treatments to tailor the properties of PLA biocomposites. The high biofiller content used in this work, in conjunction with the chemical and physico-mechanical treatments applied, increased the thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical performance of PLA biocomposites while improving their biodegradation behavior. These outcomes allow for widening the application field of PLA biocomposites in those areas requiring a stiff and lightweight material with low deformability and faster biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (DIQyM), University of Sonora, Building 5B, Del Conocimiento, Centro, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Ricciulli
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Gaetano Previati, 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.A.-S.); (P.C.)
| | - Gennaro Scarinzi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Giang DK, Ban SE, Choi JH, Seong H, Jung CD, Kim H, Lee JW. Effect of torrefied biomass on hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of polylactic acid composite. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:36-44. [PMID: 35718144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical properties of torrefied biomass (larch and yellow poplar) were investigated based on torrefaction temperature. The effect of torrefied biomass on the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of a polylactic acid (PLA) composites was evaluated. Hemicellulose was removed from the biomass during torrefaction, whereas the cellulose and lignin contents increased slightly. The color of the biomass changed from brown to black. The grindability of the torrefied biomass improved as the torrefaction temperature increased, which contributed to the production of fine particles (>100 mesh). A PLA composite was prepared using torrefied biomass (10 %) and polylactic acid. At 280 °C, water contact angle was the highest, regardless of the particle size and biomass species. Tensile strength of the PLA composite was slightly lower than that of PLA alone, regardless of the particle size of torrefied biomass. Nevertheless, the strength increased with the torrefaction temperature, except for larch with a relatively large particle size (<100 mesh). The tensile strength of the control was 68.0 MPa, whereas that of the torrefied biomass ranged from 61.1 to 65.8 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Kha Giang
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Ban
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Choi
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyolin Seong
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Jung
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyong Kim
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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