1
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Wang Q, Liu S, Chen W, Ni Y, Zeng S, Chen P, Xu Y, Nie W, Zhou Y. Strong, bacteriostatic and transparent polylactic acid-based composites by incorporating quaternary ammonium cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:132645. [PMID: 38917581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Renewable natural fibers (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) are being applied for reinforcing bio-based polylactic acid (PLA). For improvement in the interfacial compatibility between CNCs and PLA and the dispersibility of CNCs, a quaternary ammonium salt-coated CNCs (Q-CNCs) hybrid was prepared in this study based on an esterification self-polymerization method, and such hybrid was further utilized as a new strengthening/toughening nanofiller for producing the Q-CNCs-reinforced PLA composite. The results confirmed that quaternary ammonium salt coatings could efficiently enhance CNCs/PLA interfacial compatibility via mechanical interlocking and semi-interpenetrating networks. Attributing to the synergistic effect of quaternary ammonium salts and CNCs, a considerable enhancement in processing, mechanical, and thermal properties was gained in the obtained Q-CNCs-reinforced PLA composite. With the addition of 0.5 wt% Q-CNCs, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of the Q-CNCs-reinforced PLA composite was raised by approximately 23 %, 37 % and 18 %, respectively; compared with pure PLA, the obtained composite had excellent bacteriostatic properties and good transparency. This work discusses the development of high-performance, low-cost and sustainable PLA-based composites on a potential application in packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230053, China
| | - Yongbiao Ni
- Jiangsu Provincial Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Pengpeng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wangyan Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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2
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Zhao X, Li P, Mo F, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yu J, Zhou L, Bi S, Peng S. Copolyester toughened poly(lactic acid) biodegradable material prepared by in situ formation of polyethylene glycol and citric acid. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11027-11036. [PMID: 38586443 PMCID: PMC10995670 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a high-modulus, high-strength bio-based thermoplastic polyester with good biodegradability, which is currently a promising environmentally friendly material. However, its inherent brittleness has hindered its widespread use. In this study, we reported a simple and non-toxic strategy for toughening PLA, using biodegradable materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and citric acid (CA) as precursors. Through reactive melt blending with PLA, PEG and CA form PEGCA copolyesters in situ during blending. At the same time, CA can react with PLA and PEG, forming a copolyester structure at the interface of the two phases, improving the interfacial compatibility between PEG and PEGCA with PLA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms this. Experimental results show that when the content of PEG/CA reaches 15% (PLA/PEG/CA-15%) in the blends, the impact strength of the blend was 4.47 kJ m-2, and the maximum elongation at break was as high as 360.1%, which were about 2 and 44 times higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. Moreover, the tensile strength was still maintained at the level of 70%. This work can expand the application of PLA in food packaging and medical supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Peidong Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Fan Mo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Zepeng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Siwen Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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3
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Shou T, Wu Y, Yin D, Hu S, Wu S, Zhao X, Zhang L. In-situ self-crosslinking strategy for super-tough polylactic acid/ bio-based polyurethane blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129757. [PMID: 38281538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As a bio-based degradable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) is highly commercialized, but its inherent brittleness limits its widespread use. In-situ polymerization techniques are effective in improving the toughness of PLA. However, the enhancement of the toughening effect in polyurethanes (PUs) through in-situ self-crosslinking still requires improvement and heavily relies on petroleum-derived feedstocks in certain approaches. In this paper, 1,3-polypropanediol (PO3G) of bio-based origin rather than conventional polyols like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly propylene glycol (PPG) was used. PLA/PO3G-PU blends were prepared via an in-situ self-crosslinking strategy. With a notch impact and tensile strength of 55.95 kJ/m2 and 47.77 MPa (a retention rate of 68.9 % compared with pure PLA), respectively, PLA/PO3G-PU blends achieved a better balance between stiffness and toughness. This work provides a new option for PLA to achieve a stiffness-toughness balance and get rid of dependence on petrochemical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaowen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dexian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
| | - Sizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10029, China; Institute of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
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4
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Gu G, Cai C, Hao D, Zou G, Li J, Yang R. Super-tough poly(lactic acid)/silicone rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates: The organic and inorganic synergistic interfacial compatibilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129110. [PMID: 38161016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymer modification using silicone rubber represents a promising avenue for enhancing physico-mechanical properties. However, achieving optimal performance through direct blending is hindered by the poor interface compatibility between silicone rubber and the matrix. In this study, we prepared super-tough thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) of polylactic acid/silicone rubber through dynamic vulcanization with PLA, methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ), glycidyl methacrylate grafted MVQ (MVQ-g-GMA), and fumed silica nanoparticles (SiO2). The impact of the SiO2 addition in MVQ on the morphology, mechanical properties, crystallization, and thermal properties of the TPVs was investigated. The results showed that MVQ-g-GMA and SiO2 exhibited a synergistic compatibilization effect significantly improving the interfacial adhesion between PLA and MVQ. Therefore, the impact and tensile strength of the TPVs increased from 8.0 kJ/m2 and 22.2 MPa to 62.6 kJ/m2 and 36.7 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the TPVs also presented good low-temperature toughness with a maximum impact strength of 40.4 kJ/m2 at -20 °C. Additionally, improvements in thermal stability and crystallization rate were also observed. Overall, combining organic and inorganic synergistic compatibilization is a feasible and effective method to fabricate outstanding low-temperature toughness to PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guozhang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chaoyi Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dongdong Hao
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jiangsu, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Guoxiang Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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5
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Wu F, Tan J, Wu JH, Zhou JC, Wu Y. Tough and antibacterial poly(l-lactic acid) composites prepared via blending with the bifunctional macromolecular ionomer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126974. [PMID: 37729984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to expand the application of PLLA in the packaging field, improving its toughness and antibacterial activity has been widely concerned. However, seldom researches can simultaneously efficiently improve the toughness and antibacterial activity of PLLA by adding one kind of additions. To address above problems, the bifunctional branched poly(butylene adipate) ionomer additive (b-PBAUi) was synthesized. For b-PBAUi, its branched structure not only increased the plasticizing effect of additive, but also acted as reaction sites to introduce more antibacterial ionic salt. Due to the special structure of b-PBAUi, PLLA/b-PBAUi blends achieved excellent toughness and antibacterial efficiency. The elongation of blend reached 125 % even by adding 5 wt% b-PBAUi, which was 10 times higher than that of PLLA. From the analysis of phase morphology, it could be found that the microvoids promoting tensile yielding was the main tensile toughening mechanism for PLLA/b-PBAUi blends. In addition, the antibacterial activity of PLLA was significantly improved by adding b-PBAUi. For PLLA/b-PBAUi10 and PLLA/b-PBAUi15, the antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria exceeded 99.0 %. By comprehensive consideration, the optimal blend ratio was achieved by PLLA/b-PBAUi10 due to its excellent toughness and antibacterial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China.
| | - Jie Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Jin-Hui Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Jun-Chi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Yao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, PR China
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6
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Fan Z, Gao J, Wu Y, Yin D, Chen S, Tu H, Wei T, Zhang C, Zhu H, Jin H. Highly Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Crystallization Performance of PLA/PBS Composite by Glass Fiber Coupling Agent Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3164. [PMID: 37571058 PMCID: PMC10421074 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the toughness and heat resistance of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) was sufficiently blended with PLA as the base matrix, and the glass fiber (GF) that was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KF-GF) was added as the reinforcement. The results demonstrated a noteworthy boost in both mechanical and heat resistance properties when employing KH-GF, in comparison to pristine GF. When the content of KH-GF reached 20%, the tensile, flexural, and IZOD impact strength of the composites were 65.53 MPa, 83.43 MPa, and 7.45 kJ/m2, respectively, which were improved by 123%, 107%, and 189% compared to the base matrix, respectively. This enhancement was primarily attributed to the stronger interfacial adhesion between KH-GF and the PLA/PBS matrix. Furthermore, the Vicat softening temperature of the composites reached 128.7 °C, which was a result of increased crystallinity. In summary, the incorporation of KH-GF into PLA/PBS composites resulted in notable enhancements in their mechanical properties, crystallinity, and thermal characteristics. The high performance KH-GF-reinforced PLA/PBS composite showed a broad application potential in the field of biodegradable packaging, biodegradable textiles, and biodegradable plastic bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Junchang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Yadong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Dewu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
- Cangnan Research Institute, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shunxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Hua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Haoxiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
| | - Huile Jin
- Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Z.F.); (H.J.)
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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7
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Chen J, Wang J, Gao G, Bai D. Toward ultra-tough and heat-resistant biodegradable polylactide/core-shell rubber blends by regulating the distribution of rubber particles with stereocomplex crystallites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123422. [PMID: 36708887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-tough and heat-resistant poly(l-lactide)/core-shell rubber (PLLA/CSR) blends were fabricated by utilizing stereocomplex (SC) crystallites to effectively regulate the CSR distribution in PLLA matrix. Linear and 3-11 armed poly(d-lactide)s (PDLAs) were synthesized and then melt-mixed with PLLA/CSR blend. Interestingly, the incorporated PDLA chains could collaborate with PLLA chains to form dense SC crystallites network in PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends, thus inducing the CSR particles to transform from uniform distribution structure to network-like structure. With increasing the PDLA arm numbers, the size of CSR clusters in the network-like structure first increased and then decreased, and the continuity of the network-like structure first remained at a high level and then decreased obviously. The formation of CSR network-like structure could remarkably improve the impact strength of PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends without deteriorating their strength and modulus (compared with PLLA/CSR blend), and the CSR network-like structure with larger-sized CSR clusters and higher continuity could help obtain higher impact strength (78.3 kJ/m2). Moreover, the heat resistance of PLLA/PDLA/CSR blends could also be significantly improved (the highest Vicat softening temperature was 131 °C) by the SC crystallites network and CSR network-like structure. This work provides an effective strategy for controlling the rubber network-like morphology and thereby preparing high-performance PLLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yaling Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jianyang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jianchuan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guangyong Gao
- SWS Hemodialysis Care Co., Ltd, Chongqing, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Dongyu Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Materials Surface & Interface Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
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8
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Xie J, Sun H, Yang Y, Liang J, Li Y, Hou D, Lin X, Zhang J, Shi Z, Liu C. Preparation of High-Toughness Lignin Phenolic Resin Biomaterials Based via Polybutylene Succinate Molecular Intercalation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076418. [PMID: 37047390 PMCID: PMC10094893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin has many potential applications and is a biopolymer with a three-dimensional network structure. It is composed of three phenylpropane units, p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl, connected by ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds, and it contains a large number of phenol or aldehyde structural units, resulting in complex lignin structures. This limits the application of lignin. To expand the application range of lignin, we prepared lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs) by using lignin instead of phenol; these LPRs had molecular weights of up to 1917 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution of 1.451, and an O/P value of up to 2.73. Due to the complex structure of the lignin, the synthetic lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins were not very tough, which greatly affected the performance of the material. If the lignin phenolic resins were toughened, their application range would be substantially expanded. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) has excellent processability and excellent mechanical properties. The toughening effects of different PBS contents in the LPRs were investigated. PBS was found to be compatible with the LPRs, and the flexible chain segments of the small PBS molecules were embedded in the molecular chain segments of the LPRs, thus reducing the crystallinities of the LPRs. The good compatibility between the two materials promoted hydrogen bond formation between the PBS and LPRs. Rheological data showed good interfacial bonding between the materials, and the modulus of the high-melting PBS made the LPRs more damage resistant. When PBS was added at 30%, the tensile strength of the LPRs was increased by 2.8 times to 1.65 MPa, and the elongation at break increased by 31 times to 93%. This work demonstrates the potential of lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins for industrial applications and provides novel concepts for toughening biobased aromatic resins with PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junxiong Liang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yun Li
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Defa Hou
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xu Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhengjun Shi
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Can Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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9
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Song Q. Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate)/calcium carbonate composite with single continuous morphology. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with a content ratio of 90/10, and its calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composites with nano- and micro-sized particles were prepared by melt mixing. The dependence of thermal and mechanical properties of the composites on the particle size and addition content of the CaCO3 filler was investigated. The composite containing five parts micro-sized filler (abbreviated as 90L10B5mC, similarly hereinafter) exhibited α and α′ crystallines on cooling as 90L10B without fillers. 90L10B11mC and 90L10B11n5mC exhibited only α′ crystalline, and the others exhibited no discernible crystalline. Jeziorny method showed that the crystallization mode of poly(lactic acid) chains in different composites was close, and Mo method showed that the crystal growth mode in 90L10B11n5mC was different from others. Changes in thermal and mechanical properties were attributed to the overall connection strength which was dependent on the particle size and addition content of the CaCO3 filler. From the perspective of industrialization, 90L10B5n11mC was preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuan Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Luohe Medical College , Luohe , Henan 462002 , China
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10
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Superior Toughened Biodegradable Poly(L-lactic acid)-based Blends with Enhanced Melt Strength and Excellent Low-temperature Toughness via In situ Reaction Compatibilization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Toughening and Heat-Resistant Modification of Degradable PLA/PBS-Based Composites by Using Glass Fiber/Silicon Dioxide Hybrid Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163237. [PMID: 36015493 PMCID: PMC9412549 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, to enhance the toughness and heat resistance properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites, the PLA/PBS matrix was modified by different glass fiber (GF), GF/SiO2, and GF/(Polyaluminium chloride) PAC fillers. Additionally, the effect of filler type, filler content, components interaction and composite structure on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA/PBS composites was researched. The results showed that the addition of GF, GF/SiO2 and GF/PAC make the PLA/PBS composites appear significantly higher mechanical properties compared with the pristine PLA/PBS composite. Among the different inorganic fillers, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 fillers showed excellent strengthening, toughening and heat resistant effects. Compared with the pristine PLA/PBS matrix, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength improved by 36.28%, 70.74%, 67.95%, 66.61% and 135.68%, respectively. Considering the above, when the weight loss rate was 50%, the thermal decomposition temperature of the 10%GF/1%SiO2 modified PLA/PBS composites was the highest 412.83 °C and its Vicat softening point was up to 116.8 °C. In a word, the 10%GF/1%SiO2 reinforced PLA/PBS composites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties, which broadens the application of biodegradable materials in specific scenarios.
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