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Rosa E, Di Gregorio E, Ferrauto G, Diaferia C, Gallo E, Terreno E, Accardo A. Hybrid PNA-peptide hydrogels as injectable CEST-MRI agents. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6371-6383. [PMID: 38864345 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of peptides and peptide analogues may be exploited to develop platforms for different biomedical applications, among which CEST-MRI (chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging) represents one of the most attractive techniques to be explored as a novel metal-free contrast approach in imaging acquisitions. A lysine-containing peptide sequence (LIVAGK-NH2, named K2) was thus modified by insertion, at the N-terminus, of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) base, leading to a primary amine suitable for the signal generation. a-K2, c-K2, g-K2 and t-K2 peptides were synthesized and characterized. The c-K2 sequence displayed gelling properties and the Watson and Crick pairing, arising from its combination with g-K2, allowed a significant increase in the mechanical responsivity of the hydrogel. These matrices were able to generate a CEST signal around 2.5 ppm from water and, after assessing their cytocompatibility on GL261 (murine glioma), TS/a (murine breast carcinoma), and 3T3-NIH (murine fibroblasts) cell lines, their capability to work as implants for in vivo detection, was proved by intratumor injection in Balb/c mice inoculated with TS/a murine breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB) "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB) "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gallo
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Gianturco 113, Naples, 80143, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB) "Carlo Pedone", University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Mu R, Zhu D, Abdulmalik S, Wijekoon S, Wei G, Kumbar SG. Stimuli-responsive peptide assemblies: Design, self-assembly, modulation, and biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:181-207. [PMID: 38327824 PMCID: PMC10847779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide molecules have design flexibility, self-assembly ability, high biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and easy functionalization, which promote their applications as versatile biomaterials for tissue engineering and biomedicine. In addition, the functionalization of self-assembled peptide nanomaterials with other additive components enhances their stimuli-responsive functions, promoting function-specific applications that induced by both internal and external stimulations. In this review, we demonstrate recent advance in the peptide molecular design, self-assembly, functional tailoring, and biomedical applications of peptide-based nanomaterials. The strategies on the design and synthesis of single, dual, and multiple stimuli-responsive peptide-based nanomaterials with various dimensions are analyzed, and the functional regulation of peptide nanomaterials with active components such as metal/metal oxide, DNA/RNA, polysaccharides, photosensitizers, 2D materials, and others are discussed. In addition, the designed peptide-based nanomaterials with temperature-, pH-, ion-, light-, enzyme-, and ROS-responsive abilities for drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, gene therapy, antibacterial, as well as wound healing and dressing applications are presented and discussed. This comprehensive review provides detailed methodologies and advanced techniques on the synthesis of peptide nanomaterials from molecular biology, materials science, and nanotechnology, which will guide and inspire the molecular level design of peptides with specific and multiple functions for function-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiu Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Danzhu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Sama Abdulmalik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Suranji Wijekoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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Perez Schmidt P, Luedtke T, Moretti P, Di Gianvincenzo P, Fernandez Leyes M, Espuche B, Amenitsch H, Wang G, Ritacco H, Polito L, Ortore MG, Moya SE. Assembly and recognition mechanisms of glycosylated PEGylated polyallylamine phosphate nanoparticles: A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:448-457. [PMID: 37156153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Modification of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) with heterobifunctional low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) (600 and 1395 Da), and subsequent attachment of mannose, glucose, or lactose sugars to PEG, can lead to formation of polyamine phosphate nanoparticles (PANs) with lectin binding affinity and narrow size distribution. EXPERIMENTS Size, polydispersity, and internal structure of glycosylated PEGylated PANs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to study the association of labelled glycol-PEGylated PANs. The number of polymer chains forming the nanoparticles was determined from the changes in amplitude of the cross-correlation function of the polymers after formation of the nanoparticles. SAXS and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy were used to investigate the interaction of PANs with lectins: concanavalin A with mannose modified PANs, and jacalin with lactose modified ones. FINDINGS Glyco-PEGylated PANs are highly monodispersed, with diameters of a few tens of nanometers and low charge, and a structure corresponding to spheres with Gaussian chains. FCS shows that the PANs are single chain nanoparticles or formed by two polymer chains. Concanavalin A and jacalin show specific interactions for the glyco-PEGylated PANs with higher affinity than bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Perez Schmidt
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain; CNR - ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Luedtke
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Marche Polytechnic University, via Brecce bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Gianvincenzo
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernandez Leyes
- IFISUR Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Bruno Espuche
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hernan Ritacco
- IFISUR Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Laura Polito
- CNR - ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, Milan, Italy
| | - M Grazia Ortore
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Marche Polytechnic University, via Brecce bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - S E Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain.
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Dextran Formulations as Effective Delivery Systems of Therapeutic Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031086. [PMID: 36770753 PMCID: PMC9920038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran is by far one of the most interesting non-toxic, bio-compatible macromolecules, an exopolysaccharide biosynthesized by lactic acid bacteria. It has been extensively used as a major component in many types of drug-delivery systems (DDS), which can be submitted to the next in-vivo testing stages, and may be proposed for clinical trials or pharmaceutical use approval. An important aspect to consider in order to maintain high DDS' biocompatibility is the use of dextran obtained by fermentation processes and with a minimum chemical modification degree. By performing chemical modifications, artefacts can appear in the dextran spatial structure that can lead to decreased biocompatibility or even cytotoxicity. The present review aims to systematize DDS depending on the dextran type used and the biologically active compounds transported, in order to obtain desired therapeutic effects. So far, pure dextran and modified dextran such as acetalated, oxidised, carboxymethyl, diethylaminoethyl-dextran and dextran sulphate sodium, were used to develop several DDSs: microspheres, microparticles, nanoparticles, nanodroplets, liposomes, micelles and nanomicelles, hydrogels, films, nanowires, bio-conjugates, medical adhesives and others. The DDS are critically presented by structures, biocompatibility, drugs loaded and therapeutic points of view in order to highlight future therapeutic perspectives.
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