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Seku K, Bhagavanth Reddy G, Osman AI, Hussaini SS, Kumar NS, Al-Abri M, Pejjai B, Alreshaidan SB, Al-Fatesh AS, Kadimpati KK. Modified frankincense resin stabilized gold nanoparticles for enhanced antioxidant and synergetic activity in in-vitro anticancer studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134935. [PMID: 39179088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, Frankincense resin (FR) has been carboxymethylated to produce CMFR - AuNPs and the conjugate was utilized for the Doxorubicin drug loading. The carboxymethylation of the carboxylic, phenolic, and hydroxyl functional groups of FR has been developed into carboxymethylated Frankincense resin (CMFR). A novel CMFR-AuNPs was synthesized using the developed CMFR as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and in-vitro anticancer activities were investigated by using CMFR-AuNPs and CMFR - AuNPs@DOX. CMFR-AuNPs demonstrated antioxidative properties by quenching DPPH radicals effectively. CMFR-AuNPs and DOX@CMFR-AuNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli. The cell viability was tested for CMFR -AuNPs at various concentrations of Dox-loaded CMFR -AuNPs (CMFR-AuNPs + Dox1, CMFR-AuNPs + Dox 2, & CMFR-AuNPs + Dox 3). The highest inhibition was observed on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines using CMFR-AuNPs + Dox 3, respectively. Various techniques such as UV, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, EDAX and TEM were used to characterize the designed CMFR and CMFR-AuNPs. After carboxy methylation, the amorphous nature of FR changed to crystallinity, as reflected in the XRD spectra. The XRD spectrum of the CMFR- AuNPs showed FCC structure due to the involvement of hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups of CMFR strongly bound with the AuNPs. TGA results revealed that the CMFR is thermally more stable than FR. TEM revealed that CMFR - AuNPs were well dispersed, spherical, and hexagonal with an average diameter of 7 to 10 nm, while the size of doxorubicin loaded (DOX@CMFR-AuNPs) AuNPs was 11 to 13 nm. Green CMFR-AuNPs have the potential to enhance the drug loading and anticancer efficacy of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondaiah Seku
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences -, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - G Bhagavanth Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Palamuru University PG Center, Wanaparthy, Telangana State, India
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Syed Sulaiman Hussaini
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences -, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nadavala Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Babu Pejjai
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Karakambadi Road, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Salwa B Alreshaidan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Fatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kishore Kumar Kadimpati
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Akademicka 2, Silesian University of Technology, 44 - 100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Roy S, Sarkar T, Upadhye VJ, Chakraborty R. Comprehensive Review on Fruit Seeds: Nutritional, Phytochemical, Nanotechnology, Toxicity, Food Biochemistry, and Biotechnology Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4472-4643. [PMID: 37755640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fruit seeds are leftovers from a variety of culinary sectors. They are generally unutilized and contribute greatly to global disposals. These seeds not only possess various nutritional attributes but also have many heath-beneficial properties. One way to make use of these seeds is to extract their bioactive components and create fortified food items. Nowadays, researchers are highly interested in creating innovative functional meals and food components from these unconventional resources. The main objective of this manuscript was to determine the usefulness of seed powder from 70 highly consumed fruits, including Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Banana, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blueberry, Cherry, Common plum, Cranberry, Gooseberry, Jackfruit, Jamun, Kiwi, Lemon, Mahua, Mango, Melon, Olive, Orange, and many more have been presented. The nutritional attributes, phytochemical composition, health advantages, nanotechnology applications, and toxicity of these fruit seeds have been fully depicted. This study also goes into in-depth detailing on creating useful food items out of these seeds, such as bakery goods, milk products, cereal-based goods, and meat products. It also identifies enzymes purified from these seeds along with their biochemical applications and any research openings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Malda, 732102, India.
| | | | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Kumar GS, Reddy NR, Siddiqui QT, Yusuf K, Pabba DP, Sai Kumar A, Kim JS, Joo SW. A facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Canthium parviflorum extract sustainable and energy efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119471. [PMID: 38914256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Organic dye and nitrophenol pollution from textiles and other industries present a substantial risk to people and aquatic life. One of the most essential remediation techniques is photocatalysis, which uses the strength of visible light to decolorize water. The present study reports Canthium Parviflorum (CNP) leaf extract utilization as an effective bio-reductant for green synthesis of Au NPs. A simple, eco-friendly process with low reaction time and temperature was adopted to synthesize CNP extract-mediated Au-NPs (CNP-AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs characterization involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) surface area analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD results showed that the cubic-structured AuNPs had a crystallite size of 14.12 nm. Assessment of organic dyes performance in degrading brilliant green (BTG) and amido black 10B (AMB) under visible light irradiation highlights an impressive 83.25% and 86% degradation efficiency within 120 min, accompanied by a kinetic rate constant dyes was found to be 0.0828 min⁻1, BTG, and 0.0123 min⁻1, Furthermore, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 using CNP-AuNPs as a catalyst demonstrated good catalytic performance and rapid degradation at 89.4%. and rate constant 0.099 min-1 followed pseudo-first-order. The LC-MS analysis identified various intermediates during the degradation of the CR dye. Radical trapping experiments suggest that photogenerated free electrons and hydroxyl radicals are crucial for degrading the amido black 10B dye The AuNPs influenced the significant factors responsible for the photocatalytic activity, such as the increase in range of absorbance, increased e- and h+ pair separation, improvement in the charge transfer process, and active site formation, which significantly enhanced the process of degradation. We found that the CNP-AuNPs could effectively remove dyes and nitrophenol from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qamar Tabrez Siddiqui
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kareem Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Durga Prasad Pabba
- Departamento de Electricidad, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Santiago, 7800002, Chile
| | - Arla Sai Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Su Kim
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Seku K, Pejjai B, Osman AI, Hussaini SS, Al-Abri M, Swathi R, Hussain M, Kumar NS, Al-Fatesh AS, Bhagavanth Reddy G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of Limonia acidissima Groff gum stabilized palladium nanoparticles for colorimetric glucose sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:718-727. [PMID: 38211489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) supported by Limonia acidissima Groff tree extract gum. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-visible, and powder XRD analyses. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized LAG-PdNPs are highly crystalline nature spherical shapes with an average size diameter of 7-9 nm. We employed these gum-capped PdNPs to investigate their peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose. The oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, catalyzed by PdNPs, produces oxidation products quantified at 652 nm using spectrophotometry. The catalytic activity of PdNPs was optimized with respect to temperature and pH. The developed method exhibited a linear range of detection from 1 to 50 µm, with detection limits of 0.35 µm for H2O2 and 0.60 µm for glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondaiah Seku
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Babu Pejjai
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Karakambadi Road, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Syed Sulaiman Hussaini
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - R Swathi
- Department of Chemistry, KDR Govt Polytechnique College, Wanaparthi, Telangana 509103, India
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Department of Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Oman
| | - Nadavala Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Fatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Bhagavanth Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, PG Centre Wanaparthy, Palamuru University, Telangana State 509103, India.
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Gaikwad D, Sutar R, Patil D. Polysaccharide mediated nanodrug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129547. [PMID: 38278399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have drawn a lot of attention due to their potential as carriers for drugs and other bioactive chemicals. In drug delivery systems, natural macromolecules such as polysaccharides are widely utilized as polymers. This utilization extends to various polysaccharides employed in the development of nanoparticles for medicinal administration, with the goal of enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. This study not only offers an overview of the existing challenges faced by these materials but also provides detailed information on key polysaccharides expertly engineered into nanoparticles. Noteworthy examples include Bael Fruit Gum, Guar Gum, Pectin, Agar, Cellulose, Alginate, Chitin, and Gum Acacia, each selected for their distinctive properties and strategically integrated into nanoparticles. The exploration of these natural macromolecules illuminates their diverse applications and underscores their potential as effective carriers in drug delivery systems. By delving into the unique attributes of each polysaccharide, this review aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing advancements in nanomedicine and pharmaceutical technologies. The overarching objective of this review research is to assess the utilization and comprehension of polysaccharides in nanoapplications, further striving to promote their continued integration in contemporary therapeutics and industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinanath Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India.
| | - Ravina Sutar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India
| | - Dhanashri Patil
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India
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Arif M. A Critical Review of Palladium Nanoparticles Decorated in Smart Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3600. [PMID: 37688226 PMCID: PMC10490228 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles (Pd) combined with smart polymer microgels have attracted significant interest in the past decade. These hybrid materials have unique properties that make them appealing for various applications in biology, environmental remediation, and catalysis. The responsive nature of the microgels in these hybrids holds great promise for a wide range of applications. The literature contains diverse morphologies and architectures of Pd nanoparticle-based hybrid microgels, and the architecture of these hybrids plays a vital role in determining their potential uses. Therefore, specific Pd nanoparticle-based hybrid microgels are designed for specific applications. This report provides an overview of recent advancements in the classification, synthesis, properties, characterization, and uses of Pd nanostructures loaded into microgels. Additionally, the report discusses the latest progress in biomedical, catalytic, environmental, and sensing applications of Pd-based hybrid microgels in a tutorial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
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Gul T, Khan I, Ahmad B, Ahmad S, Alsaiari AA, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Alsharif A, Khan I, Saeed K. Efficient photodegradation of methyl red dye by kaolin clay supported zinc oxide nanoparticles with their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16738. [PMID: 37313164 PMCID: PMC10258418 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaolin clay-supported Zinc oxide (ZnO/KC) and ZnO NPs nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a chemical reduction process and used for the photodegradation of methyl red (MR) dye as a photocatalyst. Due to the interlayered porous structure of the KC, we achieved an extremely good association between ZnO NPs and KC. The product confirmation was conducted by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR). SEM showed the irregular morphology of ZnO NPs, while ZnO/KC NCs were predominately round-shaped. Moreover, in both cases, NPs were present in both dispersed as well as agglomerated forms with an average particle size below 100 nm. The results acquired from photodegradation analyses show that ZnO NPs and ZnO/KC NCs degraded about 90 and 99% of MR dye respectively, under UV light in a short irradiation time of 10 min. The recovered and re-recovered ZnO NPs and ZnO/KC NCs also considerably photodegraded MR dye in an aqueous medium. The same NPs also exhibit promising bioactivities against two pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Citrobacter and Providencia. The antioxidant activity of ZnO/KC NCs reached to reasonable 70% compared to the 88% activity of the standard ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, 18050, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, 06974 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Khalid Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan
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Madhuca longifolia leaves-mediated palladium nanoparticles synthesis via a sustainable approach to evaluate its biomedical application. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Banu R, Bhagavanth Reddy G, Ayodhya D, Ramakrishna D, Kotu GM. Biogenic Pd-nanoparticles from Lantana trifolia seeds extract: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic reduction of textile dyes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Ahmad A, Javed MS, Khan S, Almutairi TM, Mohammed AAA, Luque R. Green synthesized Ag decorated CeO 2 nanoparticles: Efficient photocatalysts and potential antibacterial agents. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136841. [PMID: 36243088 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implication of natural resources for manufacturing of nanoparticles is sustainable, economical and contaminant free approach towards ecological and medical applications. Herein, CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 nanoparticles are green synthesized from Morinda tinctoria plant extract. The phase structure, surface morphology, optical identity, Ce(III) and Ce(IV) valency of the synthesized CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 nanoparticles are explored. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of cubic phase CeO2 and cubic silver decorated CeO2 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the metal decoration of CeO2 nanoparticles, metal-oxygen stretching, indicating the plant molecules reduction and stabilization. UV-visible spectroscopy shown the decreased band gap owing to silver modification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs displayed spherical morphology of the nanoparticles. Elemental composition and sample purity is assessed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Double oxidation of Ce, double splitting energy of Ag and lattice oxygen are observed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity of Ag/CeO2 exposed the enhanced photocatalytic activity up to 94% where CeO2 nanoparticles gave 60% degradation of bromophenol blue (BB). The plasmonic decoration of silver on the ceria surface induced the charge separations and free radical reactions. Moreover, Ag/CeO2 nanoparticles are seen as superior antibacterial agents than CeO2 towards both E.coli and S.aureus. Hence, the silver decorated metal oxide photocatalyst successfully degraded the BB dye and inactivated the bacterial strains. This report established a future research in green synthesis of multipurpose metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmad
- Departmento de Quimica Organicia, Universitidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV-A, km 396, E14104, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Safia Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 43520, Pakistan
| | - Tahani Mazyad Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah A A Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departmento de Quimica Organicia, Universitidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Ctra Nnal IV-A, km 396, E14104, Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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