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Sana SS, Chandel AKS, Raorane CJ, Aly Aly Saad M, Kim SC, Raj V, Sangkil Lee. Recent advances in nano and micro formulations of Ginsenoside to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:156007. [PMID: 39276537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ginsenosides, the main component of Panax ginseng, have long been recognized for their therapeutic benefits and are thought to have neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-depressant, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-stress properties. However, due to their low water solubility, low biomembrane permeability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and total metabolism in the body, ginsenosides have a poor absorption profile that has hindered the therapeutic potential of these organic molecules. METHODS Initially, we broadly illuminated the several techniques of extraction of Ginsenosides using Panax quinquefolius and Panax ginseng. Subsequently, we focused on different delivery methods to improve the stability, permeability, and solubility of natural chemicals, which raises the bioavailability of ginsenoside. Lastly, we explained significance of a variety of nano and microscale delivery systems, including liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, metal/metal oxide systems, micro/nanoemulsions, polymeric micro/nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, transfersomes, and micelles to increase the bioavailability of ginsenosides. RESULTS The utilization of micro/nanoscale delivery methods, such as liposome-based delivery, polymer micro/nanoparticle distribution, and micro/nanoemulsion, to increase the bioavailability of ginsenosides has recently advanced, and we have emphasized these advances in this study. Furthermore, the disadvantages of ginsenosides were also discussed, including the challenges associated with putting these delivery systems into practice in clinical settings and suggestions for further research. CONCLUSION In summary, ginsenosides-based administration has several benefits that make it a potentially useful substance for a range of therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankar Sana
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Mohamed Aly Aly Saad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Eltahir AOE, Lategan KL, David OM, Pool EJ, Luckay RC, Hussein AA. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Liquiritin and Other Phenolics from Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:95. [PMID: 38667552 PMCID: PMC11051159 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the main phytochemical constituents of many higher plants. They play an important role in synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology due to their ability to reduce metal salts and stabilize them through physical interaction/conjugation to the metal surface. Six pure phenolic compounds were isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and employed in synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The isolated compounds were identified as liquiritin (1), isoliquiritin (2), neoisoliquiritin (3), isoliquiritin apioside (4), liquiritin apioside (5), and glabridin (6). The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV, zeta sizer, HRTEM, and IR and tested for their stability in different biological media. The phenolic isolates and their corresponding synthesized NP conjugates were tested for their potential in vitro cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in both normal and inflammation-induced settings, where inflammatory biomarkers were stimulated using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. LPS, functioning as a mitogen, promotes cell growth by reducing apoptosis, potentially contributing to observed outcomes. Results indicated that all six pure phenolic isolates inhibited cell proliferation. The AuNP conjugates of all the phenolic isolates, except liquiritin apioside (5), inhibited cell viability. LPS initiates inflammatory markers by binding to cell receptors and setting off a cascade of events leading to inflammation. All the pure phenolic isolates, except isoliquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, and isoliquiritin apioside inhibited the inflammatory activity of RAW cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O. E. Eltahir
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Kim L. Lategan
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Oladipupo M. David
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Edmund J. Pool
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western the Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (K.L.L.); (O.M.D.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Robert C. Luckay
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Justine EE, Jang SW, Lee S, Lee HJ, Wang RB, Kim YJ. Comparative anti-inflammatory effect of extract from novel Korean strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa) on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2272-2283. [PMID: 37947475 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions are crucial in modulating inflammation in humans. Strawberries are enjoyed by people of different ages as a result of their attractive phenotype and taste. In addition, the active compounds in strawberries may contribute to the reduction of inflammation. When developing new strawberry cultivars to address agricultural and environmental threats, the bioactivity of strawberries must be improved to maintain their health benefits. RESULTS We determined the phytochemical contents of extracts from a new Korean strawberry cultivar, with the CN7 cultivar extract possessing the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents compared to the CN5 and Seolhyang cultivar extracts. The new Korean strawberry cultivars reduced the expression of inflammatory-related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. The CN7 cultivar showed greater bioactivity potential and the highest ellagic acid content; hence, we assessed the effect of the CN7 cultivar in an LPS-stimulated mouse model. The CN7 cultivar treatment demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing inflammation via the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines secretion and gene expression. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study have revealed the observable differences of the newly developed strawberry cultivars with Seolhyang in mitigating inflammation induced by LPS. The enhanced phytochemical content of the CN7 cultivar extract may contribute to its improved anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the nutritive benefits of strawberry during the development of new cultivation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Easter Justine
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Jang
- Horticultural Research Institute, Naju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong-Bo Wang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Zhang C, Tian J, Zhang J, Liu R, Zhao X, Lu W. Engineering and transcriptome study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ginsenoside compound K by glycerol. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300383. [PMID: 38403397 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology-based engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce terpenoid natural products is an effective strategy for their industrial application. Previously, we observed that glycerol addition was beneficial for ginsenoside compound K (CK) production in a S. cerevisiae when it was fermented using the YPD medium. Here, we reconstructed the CK synthesis and glycerol catabolic pathway in a high-yield protopanaxadiol (PPD) S. cerevisiae strain. Remarkably, our engineered strain exhibited the ability to utilize glycerol as the sole carbon source, resulting in a significantly enhanced production of 433.1 ± 8.3 mg L-1 of CK, which was 2.4 times higher compared to that obtained in glucose medium. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the transcript levels of several key genes involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) synthesis pathway were up-regulated in response to glycerol. The addition of glycerol enhanced CK titers by augmenting the flux of the terpene synthesis pathway and facilitating the production of glycosyl donors. These results suggest that glycerol is a promising carbon source in S. cerevisiae, especially for the production of triterpenoid saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinping Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China
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Zamudio Cañas R, Jaramillo Flores ME, Vallejo Ruiz V, Delgado Macuil RJ, López Gayou V. Detection of Sialic Acid to Differentiate Cervical Cancer Cell Lines Using a Sambucus nigra Lectin Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38248411 PMCID: PMC10812977 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Pap smear screening is a widespread technique used to detect premalignant lesions of cervical cancer (CC); however, it lacks sensitivity, leading to identifying biomarkers that improve early diagnosis sensitivity. A characteristic of cancer is the aberrant sialylation that involves the abnormal expression of α2,6 sialic acid, a specific carbohydrate linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface, which has been reported in premalignant CC lesions. This work aimed to develop a method to differentiate CC cell lines and primary fibroblasts using a novel lectin-based biosensor to detect α2,6 sialic acid based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and chemometric. The biosensor was developed by conjugating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with 5 µg of Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin as the biorecognition element. Sialic acid detection was associated with the signal amplification in the 1500-1350 cm-1 region observed by the surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) effect from ATR-FTIR results. This region was further analyzed for the clustering of samples by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and confidence ellipses at a 95% interval. This work demonstrates the feasibility of employing SNA biosensors to discriminate between tumoral and non-tumoral cells, that have the potential for the early detection of premalignant lesions of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Zamudio Cañas
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-CIBA), Tepetitla 90700, Mexico; (R.Z.C.); (R.J.D.M.)
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo Flores
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-ENCB), Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Vallejo Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec 74360, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Jacobo Delgado Macuil
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-CIBA), Tepetitla 90700, Mexico; (R.Z.C.); (R.J.D.M.)
| | - Valentín López Gayou
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-CIBA), Tepetitla 90700, Mexico; (R.Z.C.); (R.J.D.M.)
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Alqurashi YE, Almalki SG, Ibrahim IM, Mohammed AO, Abd El Hady AE, Kamal M, Fatima F, Iqbal D. Biological Synthesis, Characterization, and Therapeutic Potential of S. commune-Mediated Gold Nanoparticles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1785. [PMID: 38136655 PMCID: PMC10741590 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles demonstrate several therapeutic benefits due to their safety, non-toxicity, accessibility, and ecological acceptance. In our study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were created using an extracellular extract from the fungus Schizophyllum commune (S. commune). The reaction color was observed to be a reddish pink after a 24 h reaction, demonstrating the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The myco-produced nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The TEM pictures depicted sphere-like shapes with sizes ranging from 60 and 120 nm, with an average diameter of 90 nm, which is in agreement with the DLS results. Furthermore, the efficiency of the AuNPs' antifungal and cytotoxic properties, as well as their production of intracellular ROS, was evaluated. Our findings showed that the AuNPs have strong antifungal effects against Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus flavus at increasing doses. Additionally, the AuNPs established a dose-dependent activity against human alveolar basal epithelial cells with adenocarcinoma (A549), demonstrating the potency of synthesized AuNPs as a cytotoxic agent. After 4 h of incubation with AuNPs, a significant increase in intracellular ROS was observed in cancer cells. Therefore, these metallic AuNPs produced by fungus (S. commune) can be used as an effective antifungal, anticancer, and non-toxic immunomodulatory delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser E. Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (A.O.M.); (A.E.A.E.H.)
| | - Sami G. Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aisha O. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (A.O.M.); (A.E.A.E.H.)
| | - Amal E. Abd El Hady
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (A.O.M.); (A.E.A.E.H.)
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faria Fatima
- Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia;
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Paosen S, Bilhman S, Wunnoo S, Ramanathan S, Septama AW, Lethongkam S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Control of biomaterial-associated infections through biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Musa sapientum extract. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300008. [PMID: 37300817 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are a critical element in infectious diseases and play an important role in antibiotic resistance. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using ethanolic extract of Musa sapientum unripe fruit were performed. The nanoparticles demonstrated an absorption peak at 554 nm with particle sizes ranging from 5.45 to 104.44 nm. High negative zeta potential value of -33.97 mV confirmed the high stability of AuNPs. The presence of bioconstituents responsible for capping and stabilization was indicated by intensity changes of several peaks from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the biosynthesized AuNPs against important pathogens ranged from 10 to 40 μg mL-1 . Synthesized nanoparticles at 0.062 to 0.5 × MIC significantly inhibited biofilm formation in all the tested microorganisms (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy images clearly illustrated in disruption and architectural changes of microbial biofilms at sub-MIC of biosynthesized AuNPs. Excellent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of AuNPs were observed. The biosynthesized AuNPs at 20 μg mL-1 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production by 93% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, compared with control (p < 0.05). The biosynthesized AuNPs at 0.6 to 40 μg mL-1 demonstrated no toxic effects on L929 fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakit Paosen
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Bilhman
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suttiwan Wunnoo
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Srinivasan Ramanathan
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sakkarin Lethongkam
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Basha NJ. Small Molecules as Anti‐inflammatory Agents: Molecular Mechanisms and Heterocycles as Inhibitors of Signaling Pathways. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous Bengaluru Karnataka-560043 India
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Alavarse AC, Mirzaei M, Shavandi A, Petri DFS. Improved anti-inflammatory properties of xanthan gum hydrogel physically and chemically modified with yeast derived peptide. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36805541 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbd08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides from natural resources with associated beneficial biological properties such as skin wound healing have drawn much attention. Polysaccharides with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification are suitable carriers for peptides delivery to the wound. In this study, a polysaccharide-peptide system was designed for potential wound healing applications. Xanthan hydrogels were modified with the yeast-derived peptide VW-9 with known biological properties via chemical conjugation using carbodiimide chemistry (XG-g-VW-9) or physically incorporation (XG-p-VW-9). Grafting VW-9 to the hydrogels increased the hydrogels' swelling degree and the release of the peptide from the hydrogels followed the Higuchi model indicating the peptide diffusion from the hydrogel matrix without hydrogel matrix dissolution. Both hydrogels were cytocompatible toward the tested fibroblast and macrophage cells. XG-p-VW-9 and XG-g-VW-9 reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in cells activated with lipopolysaccharide more efficiently than free VW-9. Thus, VW-9-modified xanthan hydrogels may have the potential to be considered for skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Alavarse
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mahta Mirzaei
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denise F S Petri
- Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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Rout SR, Kar B, Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Haldar J, Rajwar TK, Sarangi MK, Rai VK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Chitosan as a potential biomaterial for the management of oral mucositis, a common complication of cancer treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:78-94. [PMID: 36564887 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2162544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a serious issue in patients receiving oncological therapies. Mucosal protectants considered to be one of the preferred choices used in the management of mucositis. However, the protective efficacy of currently available mucosal protectants has been significantly compromised due to poor retention, lack of lubrication, poor biodegradability, and inability to manage secondary complications. Chitosan is a promising material for mucosal applications due to its beneficial biomedical properties. Chitosan is also anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and capable of scavenging free radicals, makes it a good candidate for the treatment of oral mucositis. Additionally, chitosan's amino polysaccharide skeleton permits a number of chemical alterations with better bioactive performance. This article provides a summary of key biological properties of chitosan and its derivatives that are useful for treating oral mucositis. Current literature evidence shows that Chitosan has superior mucosal protective properties when utilised alone or as delivery systems for co-encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Ranjan Rout
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jitu Haldar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
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