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Tang XY, Shu ZH, Zhao PC, Wei W, Fan CL, Yao ZH, Yao XS, Dai Y. A novel strategy with in vivo characterization, extraction, isolation and activity evaluation for discovery of absorbed anti-inflammatory oligosaccharides from Zhu-Ling decoction. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122422. [PMID: 39048245 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Zhu-Ling decoction (ZLD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases. However, the structure and activity of absorbed oligosaccharides (OSs) in ZLD are not clear. In this study, a novel strategy with in vivo characterization, extraction, isolation, activity evaluation was established and applied to identify absorbed anti-inflammatory OSs in ZLD. The results revealed that 30 OSs (22 reducing and 8 non-reducing OSs) and 11 OSs (7 reducing and 4 non-reducing OS) were characterized from ZLD in vitro and in vivo by using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS with PMP derivatization, respectively. Among them, a series of -1 → 3-β-D-Glcp-OSs were isolated and identified by HPLC-HILIC-UVD-ELSD, SPHPLC-HILIC-RID, monosaccharide composition, MS and 1D/2D-NMR spectroscopy, including laminaritriose, laminaritetraose, laminaripentaose, laminarihexaose, laminariheptaose, laminarioctaose and laminarinonaose. Moreover, the 4 non-reducing absorbed OSs were identified by comparison with reference standards, including sucrose, trehalose, raffinose and stachyose. Among them, laminaritriose, laminaritetraose and laminaripentaose significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 levels in LPS-induced HK-2 cell and exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects via the NF-κB and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Together, our work provides a novel strategy for discovery of absorbed anti-inflammatory OSs and broadens new horizons for the discovery of in vivo pharmacodynamic substances in TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhi-Heng Shu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wen Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Cai-Lian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, PR China..
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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2
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Liu X, Dong M, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang N, Wang D. Structural properties of glucan from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunomodulatory activities mediated via T cell differentiation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122214. [PMID: 38823900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The polysaccharide, RGP2, was isolated from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunostimulatory effects were confirmed in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Following purification via chromatography, structural analysis revealed that RGP2 had a molecular weight of 11.82 kDa and consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose, glucuronic acid and glucosamine. Bond structure analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization confirmed that the main chain of RGP2 was formed by →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, which was substituted at O-3 of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ by β-D-Glcp-(1→. RGP2 was found to ameliorate pathological damage in the spleen and enhance immune cell activity in immunosuppressed mice. Based on combined multiomics analysis, RGP2 altered the abundance of immune-related microbiota (such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides) in the gut and metabolites (uridine, leucine, and tryptophan) in the serum. Compared with immunosuppressed mice, RGP2 also restored the function of antigen-presenting cells, promoted the polarization of macrophages into the M1 phenotype, positively affected the differentiation of helper T cells, and inhibited regulatory T cell differentiation through the protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, ultimately exerting an immune boosting function. Overall, our findings highlight therapeutic strategies to alleviate CTX-induced immunosuppression in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; School of Health Science and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300131, China.
| | - Mingyuan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 6/F, 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam 000000, Hong Kong.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, School of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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3
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Gu J, Yang X, Lin L, Zhao M. Identification of an arabinogalactan with special structure from Moringa Oleifera Lam. leaf and exploration of its immunomodulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134616. [PMID: 39127280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan exhibits many biological activities, which is the candidate for functional food ingredients. However, there is limited research on the arabinogalactan from Moringa Oleifera leaf, and its structure needs to be more accurately characterized. This study investigated structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of a high-purity polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera leaf (i.e. MOLP-PE) to further explore arabinogalactan from Moringa Oleifera Lam. leaf and its potential application area. The results showed that MOLP-PE was a unique type II arabinogalactan: the main chain consisted of → 3, 4)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →2, 4)-β-D-Rhap-(1→, with branches at the C-4 position of →3, 4)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and →2, 4)-β-D-Rhap-(1→, consisting of →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-GalpA-(1→. Compared with arabinogalactan from larch, galactan and arabinan, MOLP-PE exhibited stronger ability in stimulating proliferation, phagocytosis and cytokines release of macrophages and bound with Toll-like receptor 4 closer via more binding sites, which might be due to its higher contents of 1,3-linked-Galp and 1,5-linked-Araf. These findings elucidated that MOLP-PE, as type II arabinogalactan with a unique structure, could be exploited as an immunomodulatory food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Huang F, Fan Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Huang Y, Meng Y, Liang Y. Structural characterization and innate immunomodulatory effect of glucomannan from Bletilla striata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133206. [PMID: 38885853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharide of Bletilla striata in this study was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified by gel column to yield the purified component Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP). Its structure and innate immune regulation activity were studied. BSP mainly comprises mannose and glucose, with a monosaccharide molar ratio of 2.9:1 and a weight-average molecular weight of 28,365 Da. It is a new low-molecular-weight water-soluble neutral glucomannan. BSP contains a → 6)-β-Manp-(1→, →4)-β-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-Manp-(1 → and →3)-α-Manp-(1 → linear main chain, containing β-Glcp-(1 → and β-Manp-(1 → two branched chain fragments were connected to the Man residue at position 4. BSP can enhance the anti-infection ability of Caenorhabditis elegans against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly improve the phagocytic ability of RAW264.7 macrophages, stimulate the secretion of NO and TNF-α, and have good innate immune regulation activity. These findings guide the use of Bletilla striata polysaccharides with immunomodulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Youming Huang
- Health Management Center, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang provincial people's hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yanmei Meng
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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5
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Sun M, Yao L, Yu Q, Duan Y, Huang J, Lyu T, Yu N, Peng D, Chen W, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Screening of Poria cocos polysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity and its activation effects on TLR4/MD2/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132931. [PMID: 38942665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
PCP-W1, the Poria cocos polysaccharide with the strong immunomodulatory activity, was isolated through column chromatography and screened for in vitro immune activity in RAW 264.7 cells in this study. The structure analysis results revealed that the PCP-W1 were composed of galactose, glucose, fucose and mannose in a molar percentage of 35.87: 28.56: 21.77: 13.64. And it exhibited a random coil and branched conformational features with a molecular weight of 18.38 kDa. The main chain consisted of residues→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 2,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → , while branching occurred at β-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-Manp-(1→, and α-L-Fucp-(1 → 3)- α-L-Fucp-(1→. The pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that PCP-W1 activated the release of NO, IL-6, IL-β, TNF-α, CD86, and ROS to induce polarization of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages towards M1-type through modulation of the TLR4/MD2/NF-κB pathway. The molecular docking results showed that PCP-W1 could primarily dock onto the hydrophobic binding site of TLR4/MD2 complex via its galactose chain. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation displayed stable modeling for TLR4-MD2-PCP-W1 complex. Overall, we screened the most immunoactive components of the polysaccharide, analyzed its structure, demonstrated its impact on TLR4/MD2/NF-kB pathway, and studied the interaction between TLR4/MD2 and the polysaccharide fragments. These results provide further support for the structure-activity relationship study of the immunomodulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Qimeng Yu
- Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
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Manafu Z, Du R, Kudereti T, Abulikemu G, Lakho SA, Xue L, Bierdelieke A, Khand FM, Leghari A, Xie Y, Abula S, Bake B, Guo Q, Wusiman A. Structure characterization and intestinal immune promotion effect of polysaccharide purified from Alhagi camelorum Fisch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132077. [PMID: 38723832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the structure of acid Alhagi camelorum Fischa polysaccharide (aAP) and its impact on intestinal activity in mice. The results showed that aAP comprised of the fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid with the molar ratio of 0.81:14.97:10.84:11.14:3.26:0.80:0.80:54.92:2.47 with the molecular weight (Mw) of 22.734 kDa. Additionally, the composition of aAP was assessed via FT-IR, methylation, and NMR analyses, indicating that the backbone of the aAP was consisted of →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1 → 4)-α-GalpA-(1 → and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, as well as →4)-β-D-Galp- and →5)-α-L-Araf- for the branched chain. Furthermore, ICR mice underwent intragastric administration of different concentrations of aAP for 7 consecutive days. The results showed that aAP enhanced the murine spleen and thymus indices, promoted the secretion of serum lgG antibody, intestinal lgA antibody and intestinal cytokines, improved the morphology of intestinal villi and crypts, enhanced quantity of intestinal IELs and IgA+ cells, and activated T lymphocytes and DC cells in MLNs. In summary, these findings suggest that the utilization of aAP could enhance the immune response of the murine intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulikeyan Manafu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China; College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Ronglijiao Du
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Tuerhong Kudereti
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Gulimire Abulikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Lakho
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan
| | - Lijun Xue
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Ayibike Bierdelieke
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Faiz Muhammad Khand
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Leghari
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Saifuding Abula
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Bateer Bake
- College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Qingyong Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China.
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Wu ZW, Peng XR, Liu XC, Wen L, Tao XY, Al-Romaima A, Wu MY, Qiu MH. The structures of two polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii and their immunomodulatory effects via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131761. [PMID: 38663705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii Walp., also known as the "Peruvian national treasure", is a popular functional food in the daily lives of Peruvian people due to its bioactive with main polysaccharides. However, studies on polysaccharides isolated from Lepidium meyenii were few. Two new highly heterogeneous polysaccharides, MCP-1a and MCP-2b, were isolated and purified from the tuber of Lepidium meyenii. The structure characterization revealed that MCP-1a primarily consisted of D-Glc and had a molecular weight of 6.6 kDa. Its backbone was composed of 1,4,6-α-D-Glc, while branches feature T-α-L-Ara, 1,5-α-L-Ara, and T-α-D-Glc attached to the O-6 positions. MCP-2b was a rare arabinogalactan with a molecular weight of 49.4 kDa. Interestingly, the backbone of MCP-2b was composed of 1,6-β-D-Gal, 1,3,6-β-D-Gal with a few 1,3-β-D-GlcpA-4-OMe units inserted. Side chains of MCP-2b were mainly composed of 1,3-β-D-Gal, T-β-D-Gal, T-α-L-Ara, 1,5-α-L-Ara, with trace amounts of 1,4-β-D-Glc and T-β-D-Glc. The bioactivity assay results revealed that MCP-1a and MCP-2b increased the release of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations ranging from 50 μg/mL to 400 μg/mL. Furthermore, MCP-1a and MCP-2b could promote the expression of key transcription factors (IκB-α, p-IκB-α, p65, and p-p65) in the NF-κB pathway, indicating that MCP-1a and MCP-2b had potential immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Luan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdulbaset Al-Romaima
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ma Y, Zang R, Chen M, Zhang P, Cheng Y, Hu G. Study on fermentation preparation, physicochemical properties and biological activity of carboxymethylpachymaran with different degrees of substitution. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4234-4241. [PMID: 38294266 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) is created by carboxymethylating pachyman (PM), which increases its water solubility and enhances a number of biological activities. Traditional polysaccharides modified by carboxymethylation employ strong chemical techniques. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been used previously for liquid fermentation to carboxymethyl modify bacterial polysaccharides. This theory can be applied to fungal polysaccharides because Poria cocos has the ability to naturally utilize cellulose. RESULTS CMC with different degrees of substitution (DS) (0.7, 0.9 and 1.2) were added to P. cocos fermentation medium, and CMPs with different DS (0.38, 0.56 and 0.78, respectively) were prepared by liquid fermentation. The physical and chemical properties and biological activities of the CMPs were determined. Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and monosaccharide composition. With the increase of DS, the viscosity and viscosity-average molecular weight of CMPs decreased, whereas polysaccharide content and water solubility increased, although the triple helix structure was not affected. The results of bioactivity assay showed that the higher the DS of CMPs, the higher the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability, and the stronger the bacterial inhibition ability. CONCLUSION The present study has developed a method for producing CMPs by P. cocos liquid fermentation. The results of the study confirm that enhancing the DS of CMP could effectively enhance its potential biological activity. The findings provide safe and reliable raw materials for creating CMP-related foods and encourage CMP application in the functional food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixiang Zang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Yugo Gu Ye Co., Ltd, Suizhou, China
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9
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Sun Y, Meng X, Chen M, Li D, Liu R, Sun T. Isolation, structural properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117688. [PMID: 38159827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Crataegus pinnatifida, commonly known as hawthorn, is a plant species with a long history of medicinal use in traditional Chinese medicine. Hawthorn polysaccharides (HP) have gained worldwide attention due to their decent biological activities and potential health benefits. Their excellent antioxidant activity, antitumor activity, immunomodulatory activity, hypoglycemic effect and hypolipidemic effects, intestinal microbiota modulatory activity makes them valuable in the field of ethnopharmacological research. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the current review is to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary of the latest literatures and put forward the future perspectives on hawthorn polysaccharides in the context of its extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities. Furthermore, the underlying structure-bioactivity relationship of hawthorn polysaccharides was also explored and discussed. The current review would provide the important research underpinnings and the update the information for future development and application of hawthorn polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use Google Scholar, CNKI, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online databases to search and obtain the literature on extraction, isolation, structural analysis and the biological activity of hawthorn polysaccharides published before October 2023. The key words are "extraction", "isolation and purification", "bioactivities", and "Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides ". RESULTS Crataegus pinnatifida has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, inflammatory and oxidative stress in traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides are the key active components of Crataegus pinnatifida which have gained widespread attention. The structure and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida varies in terms of raw materials, extraction methods and purification techniques. Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides possess diverse bioactivities, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic activity, cardioprotective and antioxidant activities, among others. These biological properties can not only lay firm foundation for the treatment of diverse diseases, but also provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the underlying structure-activity relationship is also explored and discussed, and further research and development of hawthorn polysaccharides are also prospected. CONCLUSION As a natural compound, hawthorn polysaccharides has garnered significant attention and held immense research potential. Hawthorn polysaccharides can be obtained through different extraction methods, including hot water extraction method, ultrasonic extraction method and enzymatic extraction method etc. The structures of hawthorn polysaccharides have also been characterized and reported in numerous studies. Moreover, hawthorn polysaccharides exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as the antioxidant activity, the antitumor activity, the immunomodulatory activity, the hypoglycemic effect and the hypolipidemic effect, as well as the intestinal microbiota modulatory activity. These diverse bioactivities contribute to the growing interest in hawthorn polysaccharides and its potential applications. Hawthorn polysaccharides has promising application prospects in various industries, including functional food, pharmaceuticals and biomedical research. Therefore, it is imperative to fully explore and harness the potential of hawthorn polysaccharides in the food and medicine fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Dan Li
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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10
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Peng Y, Li Y, Pi Y, Yue X. Effects of almond (Armeniaca Sibirica L. Lam) polysaccharides on gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130098. [PMID: 38342264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic properties of the almond polysaccharide AP-1 on intestinal microorganisms by using an in vitro fecal fermentation method and its anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that during the in vitro fermentation of AP-1, the pH value of the fermentation broth decreased obviously, while the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased significantly, especially acetic acid and butyric acid. In genus level, the number of Clostridium and Megamonas increased markedly in the AP-1 group after 24 h of fermentation. After 48 h of fermentation, there was a noticeable increase in the number of beneficial genera Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, and a considerable decrease in the number of pro-inflammatory genera. In addition, we found that AP-1 had no toxic effect on RAW264.7 cells. In the LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells, AP-1 could effectively inhibit the release of NO, regulate the level of reactive oxides (ROS), and effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS. In conclusion, the almond polysaccharide AP-1 may be a functional active substance aimed at promoting intestinal health and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Peng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China
| | - Yingshuo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China
| | - Yuzhen Pi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China.
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11
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Ng CYJ, Lai NPY, Ng WM, Siah KTH, Gan RY, Zhong LLD. Chemical structures, extraction and analysis technologies, and bioactivities of edible fungal polysaccharides from Poria cocos: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129555. [PMID: 38278384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a popular medicinal food. Polysaccharides are the key component of Poria cocos, forming 70-90 % of the dry sclerotia mass. Recent studies indicate that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-Cs) have multiple beneficial functions and applications. A literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. For this review, we provided an updated research progress in chemical structures, various extraction and analysis technologies, bioactivities of PCP-Cs, and insights into the directions for future research. The main polysaccharides identified in Poria cocos are water-soluble polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides. Hot water, alkali, supercritical fluid, ultrasonic, enzyme, and deep eutectic solvent-based methods are the most common methods for PCP-Cs extraction. Technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, are commonly used to evaluate the qualities of PCP-Cs. In addition, PCP-Cs have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroregulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and gut microbiota regulatory properties. Future research is needed to focus on scaling up extraction, enhancing quality control, elucidating mechanisms of bioactivities, and the utilisation of PCP-Cs in food industries. Overall, Poria cocos is a good source of edible fungi polysaccharides, which can be developed into functional foods with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Poh Yee Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wen Min Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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12
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Yang B, Zhang Z, Song J, Qi T, Zeng J, Feng L, Jia X. Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective. Chin Med 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38238801 PMCID: PMC10797928 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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13
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He Y, Tan M, Cao Q, Linghu X, Yang Z, Meng Q, Fu S. The Liquid Fermentation Process for Mycelia of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes) by Single-Factor Experimentation and Response Surface Methodology. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:41-51. [PMID: 38523448 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid fermentation could yield substantial mycelia mass and valuable secondary metabolites in large-scale production within a short, fermented duration. The liquid fermented process of mycelia of Poria cocos was optimized using a combination of single-factor experimentation and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain more extract of P. cocos. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: The carbon source concentration at 1%, the nitrogen source concentration at 1%, the inoculum volume at 7% and a culture time of 9 d. Under these conditions, the ethyl acetate extract mass of P. cocos mycelia reached 0.0577 ± 0.0041 mg. There were significant interactions between nitrogen source concentration and cultivation time. The predicted values by the mathematical model based on the response surface analysis showed a close agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianping Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Linghu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China; Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Shaobin Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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14
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Bai C, Su F, Zhang W, Kuang H. A Systematic Review on the Research Progress on Polysaccharides from Fungal Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6816. [PMID: 37836659 PMCID: PMC10574063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a class of natural drugs with multiple components and significant therapeutic effects through multiple targets. It also originates from a wide range of sources containing plants, animals and minerals, and among them, plant-based Chinese medicine also includes fungi. Fungal traditional Chinese medicine is a medicinal resource with a long history and widespread application in China. Accumulating evidence confirms that polysaccharide is the main pharmacodynamic material on which fungal TCM is based. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize the extraction, isolation, structural identification, biological functions, quality control and medicinal and edible applications of polysaccharides from fungal TCM in the past three years. This paper will supplement and deepen the understanding and application of polysaccharides from fungal TCM, and propose some valuable insights for further research and development of drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.B.); (F.S.); (W.Z.)
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15
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Hu X, Zhao S, Li F, Zhang X, Pan Y, Lu J, Li Y, Bao M. The structure, characterization and immunomodulatory potential of exopolysaccharide produced by Planococcus rifietoensis AP-5 from deep-sea sediments of the Northwest Pacific. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125452. [PMID: 37331538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides derived from microorganisms exhibit diverse structures and bioactivities, making them promising candidates for the treatment of various diseases. However, marine-derived polysaccharides and their activities are relatively little known. In this work, fifteen marine strains were isolated from surface sediments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean for screening of EPS production. Planococcus rifietoensis AP-5 produced a maximum yield of EPS at 4.80 g/L. The purified EPS (referred to as PPS) had a molecular weight of 51,062 Da and contained amino, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups as its major functional groups. PPS primarily consisted of →3)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with a branch consisting of T-β-D-Glcp-(1→. Additionally, surface morphology of PPS was hollow, porous, and sphere-like stack. PPS primarily contained C, N, and O elements, with a surface area of 33.76 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.13 cc/g, and a pore diameter of 1.69 nm, respectively. Based on the TG curve, the degradation temperature of PPS was measured to be 247 °C. Furthermore, PPS demonstrated immunomodulatory activity through dose-dependently upregulating the expression level of cytokines. It significantly enhanced the cytokine secretion at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. To sum up, this study offers valuable insights for screening marine polysaccharide-based immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengshu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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