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Zhou C, Jia Y, Zhang Q, Huang W, Yan J, Ying X, Zhang H. A systematic study of Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones: Characteristics, Origin, chemical composition and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118923. [PMID: 39389394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pseudobulbus Cremastrae seu Pleiones (PCSP) is a multi-source traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with diverse chemical compositions and toxicity levels. The authenticity identification and safety evaluation of PCSP have attracted widespread attention in clinical applications. AIM OF THIS STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the authenticity and safety of commercially available PCSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphological and microscopic identification, HPLC chromatogram, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS with molecular networking were applied to the authenticity identification of PCSP. The safety of different PCSPs was evaluated by acute toxicity in zebrafish at maximum non-lethal concentration (MNLC) and 10% lethal concentration (LC10). Intestinal toxicity of PCSP was assessed through histological staining, intestinal goblet cells, neutrophils, and intestinal opacity. RESULTS Four sources of PCSP varied in size, epidermal longitudinal grooves, and microscopic features. GNPS analysis identified 61, 47, 44, and 56 chemical compounds in Cremastra appendiculate (CA), Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. (OPL), Iphigenia indica A. Gray (IIG), and Tulipa edulis (Miq.) Baker (TEB). Colchicine and militarine, were discovered as distinguishing markers. Acute toxicity in zebrafish ranked as follows: IIG > OPL > CA > TEB. Further studies on the intestinal toxicity of the authentic PCSP (CA, OPL) showed that CA induced less damage with a smaller lumen area, fewer neutrophils and goblet cells, and reduced peristalsis inhibition compared to OPL, indicating greater safety. CONCLUSION Four different sources of PCSP were accurately distinguished based on three dimensions: character, components, and toxicity. OPL and CA were considered as genuine products, while CA with lower toxicity was more suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuwei Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Institute of Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Research Institute of Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xuhui Ying
- Research Institute of Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Zhang Y, Luo X, Zhu M, Wu Y. Evaluation the role of insulin signaling pathway in reproductive toxicity of dispersed diesel particulate extract under environmental conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109959. [PMID: 38866378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Diesel particulate extract (DPE), which is a significant constituent of airborne particle pollution, has a strong association with the development of cancer and respiratory diseases. Fulvic acid (FA), a plentiful organic macromolecule found in water, has the capability to modify particle surface charge and adsorption capacity when combined with minerals. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data regarding the influence of their interaction on DPE toxicity. To examine the impact of environmental factor on the toxic effects of DPE, we used the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model to investigate the reproductive toxicity of DPE and FA on insulin signaling pathway. C. elegans were subjected to a semi-fluid medium (NGG) containing different concentrations of DPE or DPE + FA in order to assess germline apoptosis and the expression of important genes in the insulin signaling pathway. Through several mutant strains, we found that daf-2, age-1, pdk-1, akt-1 and daf-16 were involved in DPE-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, and the expression levels of these genes significantly altered. The ratio of daf-16 translocation to nucleation, as well as the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhibited a dose-response relationship, however, the presence of FA could altered these effects. The results revealed that the insulin signaling pathway plays a vital role in mediating the harmful effects caused by DPE, whereas environmental factors have a substantial impact on its toxicity. Moreover, it was noted that semi-fluid medium could effectively replicate three-dimensional exposure circumstances closely resembling those observed in actual situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Hefei 231131, China.
| | - Xun Luo
- School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China.
| | - Mengyun Zhu
- School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
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Zöngür A, Er Zeybekler S. Evaluation of the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis on Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Futur 2024:10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3. [PMID: 38662325 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-024-00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has caused the products obtained with this technology to be used more daily. Information on the effects of these products, which provide great advantages in every respect, on human health and the environment is insufficient. It has been suggested that these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on living things, mostly in animal experiments and cell cultures. In this paper, the organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which contains a genome and biochemical ways highly similar to humans, is used to understand and reveal the metabolism of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toxicological effects. The toxicological effects of ZnO NPs on C. elegans organisms were investigated and the results were evaluated in terms of environment and human health. C. elegans was exposed to commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs from Olea europaea (olive tree, OLE). LC50 values were determined by probit analysis (green synthesized ZnO NP LC5024h = 84.97 mg/L, LC5072h = 33.27 mg/L, commercial ZnO NPs LC5024h = 5.75 mg/L, LC5072h = 1.91 mg/L). When the survival times of C. elegans were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, it was seen that commercial ZnO NPs were more toxic than green synthesized ZnO NPs. In MTT tests, it was clearly seen that commercial ZnO NPs and green synthesized ZnO NPs entered the cell and caused different cytotoxicity. While there was a difference between control and 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L doses in commercial ZnO NP applications, there were significant differences between control and 25, 50 mg/L concentrations in green synthesized ZnO NP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Zöngür
- Gemerek Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Simge Er Zeybekler
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Fan J, Wang Y, Yang J, Gu D, Kang S, Liu Y, Jin H, Wei F, Ma S. Anti-aging activities of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128724. [PMID: 38103673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) is used to slow the aging process. Although polysaccharides are a major constituent of PM, their anti-aging properties have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the anti-aging effects of polysaccharides extracted from PM using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. Two types of water-soluble heteropolysaccharides, namely a neutral polysaccharide (RPMP-N) and an acidic polysaccharide (RPMP-A), were obtained from PM. Their structures were elucidated by various methods. The effects of these polysaccharides on the lifespan, levels of antioxidants, and activities of antioxidant-related enzymes in C. elegans were also evaluated. The results showed that RPMP-A had higher GalA content compared with RPMP-N. The average molecular weights of RPMP-N and RPMP-A were 245.30 and 28.45 kDa, respectively. RPMP-N is a α-1,4-linked dextran as the main chain, and contains a small amount of branched dextran with O-6 as the branched linkage site;RPMP-A may be a complex of α-1,4-linked dextran, HG and RG-I. Treatment with RPMP-N and RPMP-A increased the mean lifespan of C. elegans, and significantly regulated oxidative stress. RPMP-A exhibited stronger anti-aging effects compared with RPMP-N. These findings suggest that RPMP-A may be a potent antioxidant and anti-aging component that can be used for developing functional food products and effective dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Gu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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Liang X, Liu M, Wei Y, Tong L, Guo S, Kang H, Zhang W, Yu Z, Zhang F, Duan JA. Structural characteristics and structure-activity relationship of four polysaccharides from Lycii fructus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127256. [PMID: 37802446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
At present, the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides is a common and important focus in the fields of glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry. To better understand the effect of specific polysaccharide structures on bioactive orientation, four homogeneous polysaccharides from Lycii fructus, one neutral along with three acidic polysaccharides, were purified, structurally characterized and comparatively evaluated on the antioxidative and anti-aging activities. The GC-MS-based monosaccharide composition analysis and methylation results showed that the LFPs had similar glycosyl types but varied proportions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that LFPs consisted of arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural domains. The results of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the antioxidative activity was positively correlated with the galacturonic acid (GalA) content, while the neutral multi-branched chains might be responsible for the anti-aging activity. This study is the first time to compare the principal structures and multiple biological activities of LFPs, which provided a reference for the industrial development and deep excavation of the health value of LFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Limei Tong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongjie Kang
- Ningxia Innovation Center of Goji R & D, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750200, PR China
| | - Zhexiong Yu
- Tianren Ningxia Wolfberry Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhongning 755100, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Lee Q, Han X, Zheng M, Lv F, Liu B, Zeng F. Preparation of low molecular weight polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis by ultrasonic-assisted H 2O 2-Vc method: Structural characteristics, in vivo antioxidant activity and stress resistance. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106555. [PMID: 37582309 PMCID: PMC10448212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Different methods were used to degrade Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFP) and prepare low molecular weight polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (TFLP) to improve their bioavailability. It was found that the TFLP prepared by ultrasonic-assisted H2O2-Vc method showed the highest level of antioxidant activity and stress resistance in C. elegans. The structural characteristics, in vivo antioxidant and stress resistance of TFLP-1 were evaluated after isolation and purification of TFLP, it was found that TFLP-1 was an acid polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 75770 Da, which mainly composed of mannose. Meanwhile, it could regulate the antioxidant activity and stress resistance in C. elegans by upregulating the transcription of fat-5, fat-7, acs-2, glp-1, hsf-1, hsp-1, mtl-1, nhr-49, skn-1 and sod-3 mRNA. The improvement effects were closely related to the significant regulation of galactose metabolism, alpha linolenic acid metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis metabolic pathways. These results provided insights into the high value application of Tremella fuciformis in the food industry and the development of antioxidant related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancen Lee
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianjing Han
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Lv
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Xu J, Du P, Liu X, Xu X, Ge Y, Zhang C. Curcumin supplementation increases longevity and antioxidant capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195490. [PMID: 37346299 PMCID: PMC10279890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is well known as a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger and has great potential for anti-aging applications. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism of curcumin in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans. Four concentrations of curcumin (10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) were administered, and the optimal treatment concentration was determined by analyzing the nematode lifespan, physiology, and biochemistry. Additionally, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were performed to explore the antioxidant effect of curcumin and its underlying mechanism. Results revealed that curcumin could significantly improve the survival capacity of C. elegans without influencing its growth. Curcumin was observed to significantly decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under extreme conditions such as heat stress and paraquat stress. In addition, curcumin increased the amount of nematode mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. RNA-seq results revealed that the underlying mechanism of curcumin in C. elegans is related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. qRT-PCR results confirmed that the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, gst-4) was increased, and the expression of MAPK signaling pathway-related genes (sek-1, pmk-1, nsy-1) was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, the administration of curcumin extended the lifespan of nematodes, potentially through the enhancement of oxidative stress resistance and the downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings improve our understanding of both lifespan extension and the potential mechanism of curcumin in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chenggang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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