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Sabu Mathew S, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Carrageenan-based sustainable biomaterials for intelligent food packaging: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122267. [PMID: 39048183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the use of carrageenan-based biomaterials in developing sustainable and efficient intelligent food packaging solutions. The research in this field has seen a notable surge, evident from >1000 entries in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed and Science Direct between 2018 and 2023. Various film preparation techniques are explored, including solvent casting, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, and electrospinning. Solvent casting is commonly used to incorporate active compounds, while LbL assembly and electrospinning are favored for enhancing mechanical properties and solubility. Carrageenan's film-forming characteristics enable the production of transparent films, ideal for indicator films that facilitate visual inspection for color changes indicative of pH variations, crucial for detecting food spoilage. Surface properties can be modified using additives like plant extracts to regulate moisture interaction, affecting shelf life and food safety. These materials' antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes are highlighted, demonstrating their efficacy against pathogens such as E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sabu Mathew
- Sustainable Packaging & Bioproducts Research (SPBR), School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Sustainability and Health Research Hub, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Sustainable Packaging & Bioproducts Research (SPBR), School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Sustainability and Health Research Hub, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- Sustainable Packaging & Bioproducts Research (SPBR), School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Sustainability and Health Research Hub, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland.
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2
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Zhao X, Jiang F, Fang J, Xu X, Chen F, Weng H, Xiao Q, Yang Q, Lin Y, Xiao A. Structure, characterization, and application of a novel thermoreversible emulsion gel fabricated by citrate agar. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134181. [PMID: 39074711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A novel thermoreversible emulsion gel was successfully prepared with citrate agar (CA) as the sole emulsifier. Compared with native agar gel emulsion, CA gel emulsion (CAGE) formed a stable emulsion gel when the CA concentration was increased to 1.25 % (w/w). Results of time-temperature scanning experiments showed that the emulsion gel rapidly transformed into liquid emulsion when heated to 40-50 °C and then solidified into emulsion gel after cooling to the critical temperature of solidification. The emulsion gel had stable sol-gel transformation ability after seven cycles repeated heating-cooling treatment (HCT) at 85 °C and 4 °C. However, the stability of emulsion gels gradually decreased because of the large-droplet formation during heating, which affected the CA molecular-reconfiguration network structure in cooling. The conjunction analysis of microstructure and properties of the emulsion gel indicated that its stability depended primarily on the spatial repulsion and electrostatic repulsion provided by CA gel, and the main factor driving thermal reversibility was the temperature-responsive gelation performance of CA. The retention of quercetin was >90.23 % after seven HCTs because CAGEG enhanced the homogeneity and stability of the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Chengyi College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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3
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Gao Y, Miao S, Mao L. Different interfaces for stabilizing liquid-liquid, liquid-gel and gel-gel emulsions: Design, comparison, and challenges. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114435. [PMID: 38763682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Interfaces play essential roles in the stability and functions of emulsion systems. The quick development of novel emulsion systems (e.g., water-water emulsions, water-oleogel emulsions, hydrogel-oleogel emulsions) has brought great progress in interfacial engineering. These new interfaces, which are different from the traditional water-oil interfaces, and are also different from each other, have widened the applications of food emulsions, and also brought in challenges to stabilize the emulsions. We presented a comprehensive summary of various structured interfaces (stabilized by mixed-layers, multilayers, particles, nanodroplets, microgels etc.), and their characteristics, and designing strategies. We also discussed the applicability of these interfaces in stabilizing liquid-liquid (water-oil, water-water, oil-oil, alcohol-oil, etc.), liquid-gel, and gel-gel emulsion systems. Challenges and future research aspects were also proposed regarding interfacial engineering for different emulsions. Emulsions are interface-dominated materials, and the interfaces have dynamic natures, as the compositions and structures are not constant. Biopolymers, particles, nanodroplets, and microgels differed in their capacity to get absorbed onto the interface, to adjust their structures at the interface, to lower interfacial tension, and to stabilize different emulsions. The interactions between the interface and the bulk phases not only affected the properties of the interface, but also the two phases, leading to different functions of the emulsions. These structured interfaces have been used individually or cooperatively to achieve effective stabilization or better applications of different emulsion systems. However, dynamic changes of the interface during digestion are only poorly understood, and it is still challenging to fully characterize the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruoning Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Like Mao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Henao-Ardila A, Quintanilla-Carvajal MX, Moreno FL. Emulsification and stabilisation technologies used for the inclusion of lipophilic functional ingredients in food systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32150. [PMID: 38873677 PMCID: PMC11170136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Food industry is increasingly using functional ingredients to improve the food product quality. Lipid-containing functional ingredients are important sources of nutrients. This review examines the current state of emulsification and stabilisation technologies for incorporating lipophilic functional ingredients into food systems. Lipophilic functional ingredients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins, offer numerous health benefits but present challenges due to their limited solubility in water-based food matrices. Emulsification techniques enable the dispersion of these ingredients in aqueous environments, facilitating their inclusion in a variety of food products. This review highlights recent advances in food emulsion formulation, emulsification methods and stabilisation techniques which, together, improve the stability and bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. The role of various emulsifiers, stabilizers, and encapsulation materials in enhancing the functionality of these ingredients is also explored. Furthermore, the review discusses different stabilisation techniques which can yield in emulsion in a solid or liquid state. By providing a comprehensive overview of current technologies, this review aims to guide future research and application in the development of functional foods enriched with lipophilic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Henao-Ardila
- Doctorate in Biosciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Fabián Leonardo Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Ahmad A, Hassan A, Roy PG, Zhou S, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kanwal F, Begum R, Farooqi ZH. Recent developments in chitosan based microgels and their hybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129409. [PMID: 38224801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan based microgels have gained great attention because of their chemical stability, biocompatibility, easy functionalization and potential uses in numerous fields. Production, properties, characterization and applications of chitosan based microgels have been systematically reviewed in this article. Some of these systems exhibit responsive behavior towards external stimuli like pH, light, temperature, glucose, etc. in terms of swelling/deswelling in an aqueous medium depending upon the functionalities present in the network which makes them a potential candidate for various applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, catalysis, sensing and nanotechnology. Current research development and critical overview in this field accompanying by future possibilities is presented. The discussion is concluded with recommended possible future works for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Prashun Ghosh Roy
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Kanwal
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zahoor H Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Bhattacharya S, Shinde P, Page A, Sharma S. 5-Fluorouracil and Anti-EGFR antibody scaffold chitosan-stabilized Pickering emulsion: Formulations, physical characterization, in-vitro studies in NCL-H226 cells, and in-vivo investigations in Wistar rats for the augmented therapeutic effects against squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126716. [PMID: 37673158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This research seeks to optimize a chitosan-stabilized Pickering emulsion (PE) containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a potential Squamous Cell Carcinoma therapy. The 5-Fluorouracil was also thoroughly analysed using UV spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC, demonstrating exceptional linearity, sensitivity, precision, and robustness. The techniques of characterization revealed Pickering emulsion (PE) morphology, solid-like gel properties, successful encapsulation, and promising anticancer effects. FTIR was used to validate the efficacy of encapsulation, and DSC was used to confirm the post-encapsulation drug stability. The 0.6 % chitosan-stabilized PE showed exceptional stability and drug loading efficiency. Anti-EGFR-5-FU-CS-PE gel was developed for sustained drug release in the treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anti-EGFR-5-FU-CS-PE demonstrated potent anticancer effects in vitro, with a lower IC50 than 5-FU and 5-FU-CS-PE. Anti-EGFR-5-FU-PE Pickering emulsions based on chitosan were investigated for their rheological properties, cellular interactions, and therapeutic potential. Both emulsions and gel exhibited sustained in vitro drug release after successful encapsulation. Anti-EGFR-5-FU-CS-PE induced apoptosis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the migration of cancer cells. Wistar mice were tested for safety and tumour growth inhibition. All formulations exhibited exceptional six-month stability. Anti-EGFR-5-FU-CS-PE emerges as a viable therapeutic option, necessitating additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
| | - Prafull Shinde
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India; Ph.D. Scholar at Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, NMIMS Deemed-to-be-University.
| | - Amit Page
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
| | - Satyam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India.
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7
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Budiarso IJ, Rini NDW, Tsalsabila A, Birowosuto MD, Wibowo A. Chitosan-Based Smart Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Progress and Perspectives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37178166 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, smart and functional biomaterials have escalated as one of the most rapidly emerging fields in the life sciences because the performance of biomaterials could be improved by careful consideration of their interaction and response with the living systems. Thus, chitosan could play a crucial role in this frontier field because it possesses many beneficial properties, especially in the biomedical field such as excellent biodegradability, hemostatic properties, antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Furthermore, chitosan is a smart and versatile biopolymer due to its polycationic nature with reactive functional groups that allow the polymer to form many interesting structures or to be modified in various ways to suit the targeted applications. In this review, we provide an up-to-date development of the versatile structures of chitosan-based smart biomaterials such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, and films, as well as their application in the biomedical field. This review also highlights several strategies to enhance biomaterial performance for fast growing fields in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, bone scaffolds, wound healing, and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra J Budiarso
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Novi D W Rini
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Tsalsabila
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Meranti, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad D Birowosuto
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wrocław 54-066, Poland
| | - Arie Wibowo
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
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