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Fan Z, Xia W, Zhang H, Peng D, Han S, Wu X, Sun F. Evaluating the mechanism of soybean meal protein for boosting the laccase-catalyzed of thymol onto lignosulfonate via restraining non-specific adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130367. [PMID: 38401588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The control of laccase-catalyzed efficiency often relies on the utilization of modifying enzyme molecules and shielding agents. However, their elevated costs or carcinogenicity led to the inability for large-scale application. To address this concern, we found that a low-cost protein from soybean meal can reduce lignin's ineffective adsorption onto enzymes for improving the efficiency of thymol grafting to lignosulfonate. The results demonstrated that by adding 0.5 mg/mL of additional soybean meal protein, the thymol reaction ratio of the modified lignosulfonate (L-0.5 S) significantly boosted from 18.1 % to 35.0 %, with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the L-0.5 S against Aspergillus niger dramatically improved from 12.5 mg/mL to 3.1 mg/mL. Multiple characterization methods were employed to better understand the benefit of the modification under the addition of the soybean meal protein. The CO and R1-O group content increased from 20.5 % to 37.8 % and from 65.1 % to 75.5 %, respectively. The proposed potential reaction mechanism was further substantiated by the physicochemical properties. The incorporation of soybean meal effectively mitigated the non-specific adsorption of lignosulfonate, resulting in a reduction of the surface area of lignin from 235.0 to 139.2 m2/g. The utilization of soybean meal as a cost-effective and efficient shielding agent significantly enhanced the efficiency of subsequent enzyme catalysis. Consequently, the application of soybean meal in commercial enzyme catalysis holds considerable appeal and amplifies the relevance of this study in preservative industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Xia
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Zhang
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Peng
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaibo Han
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China; Microbes and Insects Control Institute of Bio-based Materials, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxing Wu
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China; Microbes and Insects Control Institute of Bio-based Materials, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangli Sun
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Engineering & Technology Research Center of Wood-Based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China; Microbes and Insects Control Institute of Bio-based Materials, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
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Zhang B, Li W, Ke J, Fang S. Effective adsorption of As(V) from aqueous solution by quaternary ammonium and Zn 2+ decorated lignin-based sorbent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129883. [PMID: 38309387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic poses a serious harm to the natural environment and human health. Lignin decorated with quaternary ammonium and metal ion can effectively adsorb arsenic from aqueous solution. Zn2+/quaternary ammonium lignin was synthesized by quaternization and metallization from lignin with 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride and ZnCl2. The morphology, functional groups and chemical compositions of adsorbent were identified by SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD. The effects such as pH, initial As(V) concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity were investigated in batch system. The adsorption mechanism was explored by SEM-EDS, FTIR and XPS. It was shown that the adsorbent was rough and contained a large amount of quaternary ammonium and Zn2+. Zn2+/quaternary ammonium lignin exhibited much strong affinity towards As(V) with the maximum adsorption capacity of 70.38 mg·g-1 at 25 °C, oscillation rate of 180 r·min-1, pH of 5, initial As(V) concentration of 100 mg·L-1, contact time of 30 min and 1 g·L-1 Zn2+/quaternary ammonium lignin. The adsorption could be well described by Langmuir model and quasi-second-order kinetic model, indicating the monolayer homogeneous chemisorption nature. As(V) was adsorbed through electrostatic attraction of Zn2+ and ion exchange between H2AsO4- and Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China.
| | - Wencan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ke
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
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