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Neves LB, Afonso IS, Nobrega G, Barbosa LG, Lima RA, Ribeiro JE. A Review of Methods to Modify the PDMS Surface Wettability and Their Applications. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:670. [PMID: 38930640 PMCID: PMC11205751 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has attracted great attention in various fields due to its excellent properties, but its inherent hydrophobicity presents challenges in many applications that require controlled wettability. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of some key strategies for modifying the wettability of PDMS surfaces by providing the main traditional methods for this modification and the results of altering the contact angle and other characteristics associated with this property. Four main technologies are discussed, namely, oxygen plasma treatment, surfactant addition, UV-ozone treatment, and the incorporation of nanomaterials, as these traditional methods are commonly selected due to the greater availability of information, their lower complexity compared to the new techniques, and the lower cost associated with them. Oxygen plasma treatment is a widely used method for improving the hydrophilicity of PDMS surfaces by introducing polar functional groups through oxidation reactions. The addition of surfactants provides a versatile method for altering the wettability of PDMS, where the selection and concentration of the surfactant play an important role in achieving the desired surface properties. UV-ozone treatment is an effective method for increasing the surface energy of PDMS, inducing oxidation, and generating hydrophilic functional groups. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanomaterials into PDMS matrices represents a promising route for modifying wettability, providing adjustable surface properties through controlled dispersion and interfacial interactions. The synergistic effect of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanotubes, helps to improve wetting behaviour and surface energy. The present review discusses recent advances of each technique and highlights their underlying mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, promising trends and future prospects for surface modification of PDMS are discussed, and the importance of tailoring wettability for applications ranging from microfluidics to biomedical devices is highlighted. Traditional methods are often chosen to modify the wettability of the PDMS surface because they have more information available in the literature, are less complex than new techniques, and are also less expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B. Neves
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Erechim, Erechim 99713-028, RS, Brazil;
| | - Inês S. Afonso
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (I.S.A.); (G.N.); (R.A.L.)
- CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus S. Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Glauco Nobrega
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (I.S.A.); (G.N.); (R.A.L.)
- CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus S. Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luiz G. Barbosa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Erechim, Erechim 99713-028, RS, Brazil;
| | - Rui A. Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (I.S.A.); (G.N.); (R.A.L.)
- CEFT—Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João E. Ribeiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus S. Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Josyula T, Kumar Malla L, Thomas TM, Kalichetty SS, Sinha Mahapatra P, Pattamatta A. Fundamentals and Applications of Surface Wetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8293-8326. [PMID: 38587490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the far-reaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid-surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Josyula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Laxman Kumar Malla
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751029, India
| | - Tibin M Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Arvind Pattamatta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Singh AK. Recent advancements in polysaccharides, proteins and lipids based edible coatings to enhance guava fruit shelf-life: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129826. [PMID: 38296124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Fresh fruits are highly needed for the health benefits of human beings because of the presence of high content of natural nutrition in the form of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other phenolic compounds. However, some nutritional fruits such as guava are climacteric in nature with very less post-harvest shelf-life because of the ripening in a very short period and possibility of microbial infections. Thus security of natural nutrients is a serious concern in order to properly utilize guava without generating a huge amount of waste. Among reported various methods for the enhancement of fruits shelf-life, the application of edible coatings with antimicrobial activities on the outer surface of fruits have attracted significant attention because of their eco-friendly nature, easy applicability, high efficacy, and good durability. In recent years, researchers are paying more and more attention in the development of antimicrobial edible coatings to enhance the post-harvest shelf-life of guava using polysaccharides, protein and lipids. In this review, basic approaches and recent advancements in development of antimicrobial and edible coatings on guava fruit by the application of polysaccharides and protein and lipids along with the combination of nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, improvements in basic properties of edible coatings to significantly control the permeation of gases (O2/CO2) by the optimization of coating components as well as delay in ripening process are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, M. M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
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