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Rampin A, Rossoni A, Chaniotaki L, Gkiatas IS, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Diakakis N, Prassinos N, Zeugolis DI. Xenogeneic versus allogeneic serum and macromolecular crowding in human tenocyte cultures. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151445. [PMID: 39024989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic serum and tissue-specific extracellular matrix have been shown to maintain permanently differentiated cell phenotype in culture. This is of particular importance for human tenocytes, a cell population that readily loses its function during ex vivo culture. With these in mind, herein we extracted human tenocytes using either foetal bovine serum or human serum, cultured them in the absence and presence of carrageenan and Ficoll®, the most widely used macromolecular crowding agents (to induce tissue-specific extracellular matrix deposition), and assessed cellular function, via metabolic activity, viability, proliferation and immunofluorescence for collagen related molecules, non-collagenous molecules and transmembrane molecules. At day 7, longest time point assessed, neither carrageenan nor Ficoll® significantly affected metabolic activity, viability and proliferation in either serum and human serum significantly increased metabolic activity and proliferation. At day 7, in the absence of macromolecular crowding, cells in human serum deposited significantly lower collagen type VI, biglycan, versican and tenomodulin than cells in foetal bovine serum. Interestingly, at day 7, in comparison to the no macromolecular crowding group, carrageenan in foetal bovine serum induced the highest effect, as judged by the highest number of significantly increased molecules (collagen type I, collagen type IV, collagen type V, collagen type VI, transforming growth factor β1, matrix metalloproteinase 14, lumican, versican, scleraxis and integrin α2β1). These data, although contradict previous observations where human serum outperformed foetal bovine serum, at the same time, support the use of foetal bovine serum in the development of cell-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rampin
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece; School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Rossoni
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lefki Chaniotaki
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ioannis S Gkiatas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Diakakis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikitas Prassinos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Álvarez-Viñas M, Zamboni F, Torres MD, Collins MN, Domínguez H. Hydrothermal processing of Sarcopeltis skottsbergii and study of the potential of its carrageenan for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131456. [PMID: 38588844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The red macroalga Sarcopeltis skottsbergii was subjected to hydrothermal processing to maximize the solubilization and recovery of carrageenan. Once isolated by ethanol precipitation, the carrageenan was further chemically (oligosaccharides composition), and structurally (TGA/DTG, DSC, HPSEC, FTIR-ATR, 1H NMR, SEM, etc.) characterized, as well as employed as source for the synthesis of hydrogels. The rheological properties of the carrageenan showed promising results as biopolymer for food applications due to the high molecular weight (500 kDa) presenting higher cell viability than 70 %. The evaluation of immune activation using ELISA test reflected a lower inflammatory response for concentrations of 0.025 % of carrageenan. Conversely, the cell viability of the synthesized hydrogels did not surpass 50 %. This work represents a considerable step forward to obtain a biopolymer from natural sources and a thorough study of their chemical, structural and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Álvarez-Viñas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Fernanda Zamboni
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; Health Research Institute, SFI BiOrbic and SFI AMBER centre University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - María Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; Health Research Institute, SFI BiOrbic and SFI AMBER centre University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Djalali-Cuevas A, Rettel M, Stein F, Savitski M, Kearns S, Kelly J, Biggs M, Skoufos I, Tzora A, Prassinos N, Diakakis N, Zeugolis DI. Macromolecular crowding in human tenocyte and skin fibroblast cultures: A comparative analysis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100977. [PMID: 38322661 PMCID: PMC10846491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although human tenocytes and dermal fibroblasts have shown promise in tendon engineering, no tissue engineered medicine has been developed due to the prolonged ex vivo time required to develop an implantable device. Considering that macromolecular crowding has the potential to substantially accelerate the development of functional tissue facsimiles, herein we compared human tenocyte and dermal fibroblast behaviour under standard and macromolecular crowding conditions to inform future studies in tendon engineering. Basic cell function analysis made apparent the innocuousness of macromolecular crowding for both cell types. Gene expression analysis of the without macromolecular crowding groups revealed expression of tendon related molecules in human dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes. Protein electrophoresis and immunocytochemistry analyses showed significantly increased and similar deposition of collagen fibres by macromolecular crowding in the two cell types. Proteomics analysis demonstrated great similarities between human tenocyte and dermal fibroblast cultures, as well as the induction of haemostatic, anti-microbial and tissue-protective proteins by macromolecular crowding in both cell populations. Collectively, these data rationalise the use of either human dermal fibroblasts or tenocytes in combination with macromolecular crowding in tendon engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Djalali-Cuevas
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mandy Rettel
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Savitski
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jack Kelly
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Manus Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Nikitas Prassinos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Diakakis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Guillaumin S, Gurdal M, Zeugolis DI. Gums as Macromolecular Crowding Agents in Human Skin Fibroblast Cultures. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:435. [PMID: 38672707 PMCID: PMC11051389 DOI: 10.3390/life14040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though tissue-engineered medicines are under intense academic, clinical, and commercial investigation, only a handful of products have been commercialised, primarily due to the costs associated with their prolonged manufacturing. While macromolecular crowding has been shown to enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix deposition in eukaryotic cell culture, possibly offering a solution in this procrastinating tissue-engineered medicine development, there is still no widely accepted macromolecular crowding agent. With these in mind, we herein assessed the potential of gum Arabic, gum gellan, gum karaya, and gum xanthan as macromolecular crowding agents in WS1 skin fibroblast cultures (no macromolecular crowding and carrageenan were used as a control). Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that all macromolecules had negative charge and were polydispersed. None of the macromolecules affected basic cellular function. At day 7 (the longest time point assessed), gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that all macromolecules significantly increased collagen type I deposition in comparison to the non-macromolecular crowding group. Also at day 7, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that carrageenan; the 50 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL gum gellan; and the 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL gum xanthan significantly increased both collagen type I and collagen type III deposition and only carrageenan significantly increased collagen type V deposition, all in comparison to the non-macromolecular crowding group at the respective time point. This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of gums as macromolecular crowding agents, but more detailed biological studies are needed to fully exploit their potential in the development of tissue-engineered medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Guillaumin
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Mehmet Gurdal
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.G.); (M.G.)
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.G.); (M.G.)
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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