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Amin MNG, Mischnick P, Rosenau T, Böhmdorfer S. Refined linkage analysis of the sulphated marine polysaccharide fucoidan of Cladosiphon okamuranus with a focus on fucose. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122302. [PMID: 39048211 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Methylation followed by depolymerization and gas chromatography (GC) is an effective methodology for the linkage analysis of polysaccharides, including fucoidan, a sulphated algal polysaccharide. However, this sample material demands attention to experimental details to prevent aberrations in the analytical result. The use of deficient bases for methylation, the presence of water, analyte degradation during hydrolysis, and coelution of the target analytes during gas chromatography create doubts about published results. We therefore investigated critical parameters of the method and carefully optimized the steps of the protocol to ensure the integrity of the results for the fucose monomers. Fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus was used as reference sample to determine the glycosidic bonds, and sulphate positions in the monomer. Fucoidan in protonated form was methylated in a strictly water-free environment using lithium dimsyl as base and methyl iodide for methylation. The methylated polymer was isolated by solid phase extraction, which was crucial to recover also the highly sulfated fraction. Hydrolysis was conducted with trifluoroacetic acid. To separate all target analytes in GC-FID/MS, a stationary phase with high cyanopropyl content (HP-88) was required, as the commonly employed phenyl siloxane phases result in co-elution, which distorts the result severely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Nur Ghoyatul Amin
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Petra Mischnick
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Stefan Böhmdorfer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Cui L, Sun H, Shang X, Wen J, Li P, Yang S, Chen L, Huang X, Li H, Yin R, Zhao J. Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber Stichopus naso and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38921576 PMCID: PMC11204762 DOI: 10.3390/md22060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc2S-(α1,}n of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product. By employing β-elimination depolymerization of SnFG, tri-, penta-, octa-, hendeca-, tetradeca-, and heptadeca-saccharides were obtained from the low-molecular-weight product. Their well-defined structures confirmed that SnFG possessed the backbone of {D-GalNAc4S6S-β(1,4)-D-GlcA}, and each GlcA residue was branched with Fuc2S4S. SnFS and SnFG are both structurally the simplest version of natural fucan sulfate and fucosylated glycosaminoglycan, facilitating the application of low-value sea cucumbers S. naso. Bioactivity assays showed that SnFG and its derived oligosaccharides exhibited potent anticoagulation and intrinsic factor Xase (iXase) inhibition. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the series of oligosaccharides solely branched with Fuc3S4S showed that in oligosaccharides with lower degrees of polymerization, such as octasaccharides, Fuc2S4S led to a greater increase in APTT prolongation and iXase inhibition. As the degree of polymerization increases, the influence from the sulfation pattern diminishes, until it is overshadowed by the effects of molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huifang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaolei Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengtao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Linxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haoyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ronghua Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; (L.C.); (H.S.); (X.S.); (P.L.); (S.Y.); (L.C.); (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
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Fu YL, Shi L. Methods of study on conformation of polysaccharides from natural products: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130275. [PMID: 38373563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from natural products play multiple roles and have extensive bioactivities in life process. Bioactivities of polysaccharides (e.g., Lentinan, Schizophyllan, Scleroglucan, Curdlan, Cinerean) have a close relation to their chain conformation. Compared to other types of polysaccharides, the conformation of β-glucan has been studied more. The major research methods of conformation of polysaccharides from natural products (Congo red experiment, circular dichroism spectrum, viscosity method, light scattering method, size exclusion chromatography, atomic force microscope), corresponding experimental schemes, and the external factors affecting polysaccharide conformation were reviewed in this paper. These research methods of conformation have been widely used, among which Congo red experiment and viscosity method are the most convenient ones to study the morphological changes of polysaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Li Fu
- Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, 529757, Singapore.
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Zhang Y, Li L, Ma X, Liu R, Shi R, Zhao D, Li X. Extraction, purification, structural features, modifications, bioactivities, structure-activity relationships, and applications of polysaccharides from garlic: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131165. [PMID: 38547941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Garlic is a common vegetable and spice in people's daily diets, in which garlic polysaccharide (GP) is one of the most important active components with a variety of benefits, such as antioxidant, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, liver-protective and bowel-regulating properties. >20 types of GPs, mainly crude polysaccharides, have been identified. However, the exact chemical composition of GPs or the mechanism underlying their pharmacological activity is still not fully understood. The extraction and purification methods of GPs are compared in this review while providing detailed information on their structural features, identification methods, major biological activities, mechanisms of actions, structural modifications, structure-activity relationships as well as potential applications. Finally, the limitations of GP research and future issues that need to be addressed are discussed in this review. GPs are widely recognized as substances with great potential in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest research progresses in the field of GPs, together with scientific insights and a theoretical support for the development of GPs in research and industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Hu Suan Research Institute (Co., LTD), Urumqi 830020, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Rongmei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Hu Suan Research Institute (Co., LTD), Urumqi 830020, China; Garlic Medicinal Uses Key Laboratory of Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xinxia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Medical University, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830054, China.
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Wang Y, Guo X, Huang C, Shi C, Xiang X. Biomedical potency and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides and oligosaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131007. [PMID: 38508566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Derived from bountiful marine organisms (predominantly algae, fauna, and microorganisms), marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides are intricate macromolecules that play a significant role in the growth and development of marine life. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides as auspicious natural products due to their promising biological attributes. Herein, we provide an overview of recent advances in the miscellaneous biological activities of marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides that encompasses their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-diabetes mellitus, and anticoagulant properties. Furthermore, we furnish a concise summary of the underlying mechanisms governing the behavior of these biological macromolecules. We hope that this review inspires research on marine polysaccharides and marine oligosaccharides in medicinal applications while offering fresh perspectives on their broader facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chunxiao Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Chuanqin Shi
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255020, China.
| | - Xinxin Xiang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255020, China.
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Anisimova NY, Nikogosova SP, Dmitrenok AS, Tsvetkova EA, Panina EG, Sanamyan NP, Avilov SA, Stonik VA, Kiselevskiy MV, Usov AI, Nifantiev NE. Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfates with Rare Disaccharide Branches from the Sea Cucumbers Psolus peronii and Holothuria nobilis: Structures and Influence on Hematopoiesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1673. [PMID: 38139800 PMCID: PMC10748315 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fucosylated chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the sea cucumbers Psolus peronii and Holothuria nobilis using a conventional extraction procedure in the presence of papain, followed by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Their composition was characterized in terms of quantitative monosaccharide and sulfate content, and structures were mainly elucidated using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. As revealed by the data of the NMR spectra, both polysaccharides along with the usual fucosyl branches contained rare disaccharide branches α-D-GalNAc4S6R-(1→2)-α-L-Fuc3S4R → attached to O-3 of the GlcA of the backbone (R = H or SO3-). The polysaccharides were studied as stimulators of hematopoiesis in vitro using mice bone marrow cells as the model. The studied polysaccharides were shown to be able to directly stimulate the proliferation of various progenitors of myelocytes and megakaryocytes as well as lymphocytes and mesenchymal cells in vitro. Therefore, the new fucosylated chondroitin sulfates can be regarded as prototype structures for the further design of GMP-compatible synthetic analogs for the development of new-generation hematopoiesis stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E. Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Maria I. Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Natalia Yu. Anisimova
- FSBI N.E.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115458, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Sofya P. Nikogosova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Andrey S. Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Evgenia A. Tsvetkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Elena G. Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia; (E.G.P.); (N.P.S.)
| | - Nadezhda P. Sanamyan
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia; (E.G.P.); (N.P.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.A.A.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.A.A.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy
- FSBI N.E.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115458, Russia; (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Anatolii I. Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia; (M.I.B.); (S.P.N.); (A.S.D.); (E.A.T.); (A.I.U.)
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