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Sunoqrot S, Abusulieh S, Abusara OH. Identifying synergistic combinations of Doxorubicin-Loaded polyquercetin nanoparticles and natural Products: Implications for breast cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123392. [PMID: 37683979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Combining chemotherapeutic agents with bioactive natural products is an attractive cancer treatment modality to reduce the dose and side effects of chemotherapy. Combination treatments with drugs having different mechanisms of action can also be beneficial in combatting the development of drug resistance by cancer cells. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery can further improve the therapeutic index of cytotoxic agents by enabling passive and/or active targeting to tumor tissues in vivo. Using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model chemotherapeutic agent, we developed three NP formulations based on polyquercetin (pQCT), an emerging nanocarrier platform. The NPs were co-assembled with DOX, pQCT, and either Pluronic P123, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-amine, or D-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS). Physicochemical characterization of the NPs revealed them to have a spherical morphology with high monodispersity, excellent drug loading capacity, and sustained drug release. Then, the NPs were evaluated in vitro to determine their potential synergism when combined with the bioactive natural products curcumin (CUR), tannic acid (TA), and thymoquinone (TQ) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Surprisingly, most of the combinations were found to be antagonistic. However, combinations containing CUR exhibited greater pro-apoptotic effects compared to the single agents, with polymer-modified pQCT NPs presenting as a promising nanoplatform for enhancing DOX's ability to promote cancer cell apoptosis. Our findings provide insights into the potential application of pQCT in nanomedicine, as well as the use of bioactive natural products in combination with DOX as a free agent and as an NP formulation in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhair Sunoqrot
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.
| | - Samah Abusulieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Osama H Abusara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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2
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Alherz FA, El-Masry TA, Negm WA, El-Kadem AH. Potential cardioprotective effects of Amentoflavone in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113643. [PMID: 36942597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an available chemotherapeutic drug for treating various tumors. However, its effectiveness is limited by cardiotoxicity. Amentoflavone (AMF), a natural biflavonoid separated from Cycas thouarsii ethyl acetate fraction, displays promising anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Thus, our research aims to explore whether AMF could boost cardioprotective effects against DOX cardiotoxicity and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of cardioprotection. Mice were classified into four groups; Normal control, Untreated DOX group, and DOX groups treated with AMF (40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively) intraperitoneal injection daily for four days before doxorubicin administration and for additional three days following DOX administration to assess cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography showed that AMF 80 treated group was protected from DOX cardiotoxicity. Additionally, it alleviated histopathological structural alterations and effectively restored heart weight and body weight ratio. These effects were confirmed biochemically by a substantially reduced serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. AMF effectively restored nuclear respiratory factor-1(NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and normalized heat shock protein - 27(HSP-27) expression levels compared to the DOX group. Moreover, AMF mitigated oxidative stress conditions and significantly suppressed NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression levels. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory effects via suppressing interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and decreasing nuclear factor Kabba B (NF-κb) immune-staining. In addition, AMF markedly reduced FAS ligand (FASL) expression and p53 immune staining in cardiac tissue. This study is the first for the in vivo potential beneficial effects of AMF against acute DOX cardiotoxicity, possibly via exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects and restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Aya H El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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Understanding the Protective Role of Exosomes in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2852251. [PMID: 36132225 PMCID: PMC9484956 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2852251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a class of effective chemotherapeutic agents widely used in clinical practice. However, its use has been limited by cardiotoxicity. The mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is complex, involving oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, inflammation, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, senescence, etc. Exosomes (EXOs), as extracellular vesicles (EVs), play an important role in the material exchange and signal transmission between cells by carrying components such as proteins and RNAs. More recently, there has been a growing number of publications focusing on the protective effect of EXOs on DIC. Here, this review summarized the main mechanisms of DIC, discussed the mechanism of EXOs in the treatment of DIC, and further explored the value of EXOs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for DIC.
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Rawat PS, Jaiswal A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111708. [PMID: 34243633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a secondary metabolite of the mutated strain of Streptomyces peucetius var. Caesius and belongs to the anthracyclines family. The anti-cancer activity of Dox is mainly exerted through the DNA intercalation and inhibiting topoisomerase II enzyme in fast-proliferating tumors. However, Dox causes cumulative and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which results in increased risks of mortality among cancer patients and thus limiting its wide clinical applications. There are several mechanisms has been proposed for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress, free radical generation and apoptosis are most widely reported. Apart from this, other mechanisms are also involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity such as impaired mitochondrial function, a perturbation in iron regulatory protein, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, autophagy, the release of nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators and altered gene and protein expression that involved apoptosis. Dox also causes downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) enzyme activity which leads to a reduction in the DNA methylation process. This hypomethylation causes dysregulation in the mitochondrial genes like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) unit in the heart. Apart from DNA methylation, Dox treatment also alters the micro RNAs levels and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Therefore, in the current review, we have provided a detailed update on the current understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind the well-known Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Further, we have provided some of the most plausible pharmacological strategies which have been tested against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushkar Singh Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Aiswarya Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of human genetics and molecular medicine, School of health sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Li S, Fang J, Chen L. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Attenuates Cardiocyte Apoptosis and Ameliorates Heart Failure Following Coronary Microembolization in Rats. Balkan Med J 2019; 36:245-250. [PMID: 31140237 PMCID: PMC6636647 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-kB is highly activated in cardiovascular disorders. However, few articles have targeted at the role of nuclear factor-kB inhibitor in heart failure. Aims To evaluate the effects of nuclear factor-kB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on cardiocyte apoptosis and cardiac function in a rat heart failure model. Study Design Animal experiment. Methods A stable and reproducible rat heart failure model (n=64) was prepared by injecting homologous microthrombotic particles into the left ventricle of Sprague–Dawley rats while obstructing the ascending aorta to produce coronary microembolization. Rats with heart failure were randomized into untreated (HFu) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-treated (HFp) groups; the latter received an intraperitoneal injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (100 mg/kg/day) 1 h prior to surgery as well as on postoperative days 1-7. The sham group comprised 32 Sprague–Dawley rats. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 postoperatively. Masson’s trichrome staining was used to determine the micro-fibrotic area to indicate the severity of myocardial loss. Terminal transferase uridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining was used to detect apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography and hemodynamics were performed to evaluate left ventricular function. Results Rats with heart failure exhibited pathological changes evidenced by patchy myocardial fibrosis, remarkably elevated severity of myocardial loss, and persistently reduced left ventricular function. At the end of the study, compared with the HFu group, myocardial infarct size was reduced by 28% (p=0.001), cardiocyte apoptosis was suppressed (7.17%±1.47% vs 2.83%±0.75%, p<0.001), cardiac function parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (80%±4% vs 61%±6%), left ventricular + dP/dt max (4828±289 vs 2918±76 mmHg.s−1), left ventricular - dP/dt max (4398±269 vs 2481±365 mmHg.s−1), and left ventricular systolic pressure (126±13 vs 100±10 mmHg) were significantly increased, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was reduced (18±2 vs 13±1 mmHg) (p<0.001, for all) in the HFu group. Conclusion Our rat model can adequately mimic heart failure via coronary vessel embolization. Moreover, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate treatment can reduce cardiocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function, which may be beneficial for patients with heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Xu J, Liu D, Xiao S, Meng X, Zhao D, Jiang X, Jiang X, Cai L, Jiang H. Low-Dose Radiation Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Park SS, Lee DM, Lim JH, Lee D, Park SJ, Kim HM, Sohn S, Yoon G, Eom YW, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Choi KS. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reverses Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic resistance to doxorubicin by inducing paraptosis. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:458-470. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Soon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lim
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Center for Advancing Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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8
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Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Iranshahy M, Sahebkar A, Shirani K, Karimi G. The Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:892-917. [PMID: 27341037 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1187280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (DOX) is among the most widely used anticancer agents, its clinical application is hampered owing to its cardiotoxicity. Adjuvant therapy with an antioxidant has been suggested as a promising strategy to reduce DOX-induced adverse effects. In this context, many phenolic compounds have been reported to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective effects of phenolic compounds are exerted via multiple mechanisms including inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, NF-κB, p53, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. In this review, we present a summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings on the protective mechanisms of phenolic compounds against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- a Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- b Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- c Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- d Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- e Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,f Pharmaceutical Research Center and Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
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Alteration of energy substrates and ROS production in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461967. [PMID: 24288443 PMCID: PMC3833358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initiated by alterations in energy substrates. Despite excess of plasma glucose and lipids, the diabetic heart almost exclusively depends on fatty acid degradation. Glycolytic enzymes and transporters are impaired by fatty acid metabolism, leading to accumulation of glucose derivatives. However, fatty acid oxidation yields lower ATP production per mole of oxygen than glucose, causing mitochondrial uncoupling and decreased energy efficiency. In addition, the oxidation of fatty acids can saturate and cause their deposition in the cytosol, where they deviate to induce toxic metabolites or gene expression by nuclear-receptor interaction. Hyperglycemia, the fatty acid oxidation pathway, and the cytosolic storage of fatty acid and glucose/fatty acid derivatives are major inducers of reactive oxygen species. However, the presence of these species can be essential for physiological responses in the diabetic myocardium.
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Mazevet M, Moulin M, Llach-Martinez A, Chargari C, Deutsch E, Gomez AM, Morel E. Complications of chemotherapy, a basic science update. Presse Med 2013; 42:e352-61. [PMID: 23972551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, discovered 50 years ago, are antibiotics widely used as antineoplastic agents and are among the most successful anticancer therapies ever developed to treat a wide range of cancers, including hematological malignancies, soft tissue sarcomas and solid tumors. However, some anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, exhibit major signs of cardiotoxicity that may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Despite intensive research on doxorubicine-induced cardiotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity have not been fully elucidated yet. Published literature so far has focused mostly on mitochondria dysfunction with consequent oxidative stress, Ca(2+) overload, and cardiomyocyte death as doxorubicin side effects, leading to heart dysfunction. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte death (i.e.: cardiomyocyte death, mitochondria metabolism and bioenergetic alteration), but we will also point to new directions of possible mechanisms, suggesting potent prior or concomitant alterations of specific signaling pathways with molecular actors directly targeted by the anticancer drugs itself (i.e. calcium homeostasis or cAMP signaling cascade). The mechanisms of anticancer cardiac toxicity may be more complex than just mitochondria dysfunction. Partnership of both basic and clinical research is needed to promote new strategies in diagnosis, therapies with concomitant cardioprotection in order to achieve cancer treatment with acceptable cardiotoxicity along life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Mazevet
- Inserm UMR-S 769, LabEx Lermit-DHU Torino, université Paris-Sud, faculté de pharmacie, signalisation et physiopathologie cardiaque, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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11
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated physiologic process of programmed cell death that occurs in both normal and pathologic tissues. Numerous in vitro or in vivo studies have indicated that cardiomyocyte death through apoptosis and necrosis is a primary contributor to the progression of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. There are now several pieces of evidence to suggest that activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways contribute to anthracycline-induced apoptosis in the heart. Novel strategies were developed to address a wide variety of cardiotoxic mechanisms and apoptotic pathways by which anthracycline influences cardiac structure and function. Anthracycline-induced apoptosis provides a very valid representation of cardiotoxicity in the heart, an argument which has implications for the most appropriate animal models of damaged heart plus diverse pharmacological effects. In this review we describe various aspects of the current understanding of apoptotic cell death triggered by anthracycline. Differences in the sensitivity to anthracycline-induced apoptosis between young and adult hearts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Fetal bovine serum requirement for pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-induced apoptotic cell death of MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:135-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cardiomyocyte death in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:435-45. [PMID: 19866340 PMCID: PMC2809808 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used and successful antitumor drugs, but its cumulative and dose-dependent cardiac toxicity has been a major concern of oncologists in cancer therapeutic practice for decades. With the increasing population of cancer survivors, there is a growing need to develop preventive strategies and effective therapies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in particular late-onset cardiomyopathy. Although intensive investigations on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have continued for decades, the underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have not been completely elucidated. A rapidly expanding body of evidence supports the notion that cardiomyocyte death by apoptosis and necrosis is a primary mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and that other types of cell death, such as autophagy and senescence/aging, may participate in this process. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death, including the major primary mechanism of excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other recently discovered ROS-independent mechanisms. The different sensitivities to DOX-induced cell death signals between adult and young cardiomyocytes will also be discussed.
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Mingyan E, Hongli L, Shufeng L, Bo Y. Effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyopathy induced by adriamycin in rats. Cardiology 2008; 111:119-25. [PMID: 18376123 DOI: 10.1159/000119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical usefulness of adriamycin (ADR) is restricted by the frequent induction of dose-dependent chronic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies on ADR cardiotoxicity have reported that the formation of free reactive oxygen radicals might be involved in ADR cardiotoxicity. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a potent antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of PDTC on antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyopathy induced by ADR in rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, ADR, PDTC, and ADR+PDTC. After 30 days, myocardial histopathological and electron microscopic examinations were performed: the myocardial content of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides were examined; the myocardial total antioxygenation capability (T-AOC) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined; myocardial GSH-Px, Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD gene expressions were examined by RT-PCR analysis, and the myocardial expression of GSH-Px, Mn-SOD and Cu,Zn-SOD proteins was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS At 30 days, ADR-induced cardiomyopathy was confirmed by structural examination. The changes were prevented by PDTC. Myocardial superoxide anion and lipid peroxides were increased by ADR, and these changes were also inhibited by PDTC. ADR decreased myocardial T-AOC and the activity of GSH-Px and SOD, and these changes were likewise inhibited by PDTC. mRNA and protein expression of GSH-Px and Mn-SOD were depressed by ADR treatment and prevented by PDTC. Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA and protein levels were not significantly changed by ADR or PDTC. CONCLUSION PDTC prevented ADR cardiomyopathy in rats by upregulating GSH-Px and SOD activation, which is associated with changes in the expression of GSH-Px and Mn-SOD transcript and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mingyan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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15
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Qin ZH, Tao LY, Chen X. Dual roles of NF-kappaB in cell survival and implications of NF-kappaB inhibitors in neuroprotective therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1859-72. [PMID: 18031598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a well-characterized transcription factor with multiple physiological and pathological functions. NF-kappaB plays important roles in the development and maturation of lymphoids, regulation of immune and inflammatory response, and cell death and survival. The influence of NF-kappaB on cell survival could be protective or destructive, depending on types, developmental stages of cells, and pathological conditions. The complexity of NF-kappaB in cell death and survival derives from its multiple roles in regulating the expression of a broad array of genes involved in promoting cell death and survival. The activation of NF-kappaB has been found in many neurological disorders, but its actual roles in pathogenesis are still being debated. Many compounds with neuroprotective actions are strongly associated with the inhibition of NF-kappaB, leading to speculation that blocking the pathological activation of NF-kappaB could offer neuroprotective effects in certain neurodegenerative conditions. This paper reviews the recent developments in understanding the dual roles of NF-kappaB in cell death and survival and explores its possible usefulness in treating neurological diseases. This paper will summarize the genes regulated by NF-kappaB that are involved in cell death and survival to elucidate why NF-kappaB promotes cell survival in some conditions while facilitating cell death in other conditions. This paper will also focus on the effects of various NF-kappaB inhibitors on neuroprotection in certain pathological conditions to speculate if NF-kappaB is a potential target for neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
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