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Lee OH, Roh JW, Kim Y, Son NH, Cho JY, Jang D, Im E, Cho DK, Choi D. Comparison of spasmolytic regimen for prevention of radial artery spasm during the distal radial approach: A single-center, randomized study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1007147. [PMID: 36937930 PMCID: PMC10014463 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1007147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distal radial approach (DRA) for coronary catheterization is increasingly being used worldwide yet the optimal medication regimen to prevent radial artery spasm (RAS), an important factor for the success of the procedure, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of medication for preventing RAS via the DRA. Methods This was a prospective, comparative randomized study including 400 patients who underwent coronary catheterization via DRA in single center by three experienced DRA operators. Patients were randomized to either nitroglycerin (NTG) injection (N = 200) or NTG plus verapamil (N = 200) to compare the effectiveness and safety of these regimens. Results There were no differences between the groups in the changes in radial artery diameter at most spastic area (0.34 ± 0.20 in the NTG group, 0.35 ± 0.20 in the NTG plus verapamil group; P = 0.73). There was no difference between the groups in the ratio of patients without arm pain during the procedure (95.0% in the NTG group, 93.5% in the NTG plus verapamil group; P = 0.67). However, there was a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure in the NTG plus verapamil group (-8.3 ± 7.9 mmHg) than in the NTG group (-6.6 ± 7.6 mmHg) (P = 0.03). Conclusion Intra-arterial injection of NTG as a single agent is effective and safe in the prevention of RAS during coronary catheterization via the DRA compared with a cocktail regimen of NTG plus verapamil. Clinical trial registration https://cris.nih.go.kr, identifier KCT0005177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ji Woong Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yongcheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yongcheol Kim,
| | - Nak-Hoon Son
- Department of Statistics, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jay Yi Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Daesek Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Eui Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kyu Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
- Deok-Kyu Cho,
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, South Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bi X, Guo Q, Jia H, Song T, Feng J, Li M, Wang Q. Effect of transradial catheterization and nifedipine on flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated dilations of distal and proximal radial artery. Coron Artery Dis 2022; 33:648-654. [PMID: 36238973 PMCID: PMC9622370 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radial artery (RA) dysfunction after transradial access intervention is not limited to the distal portion but can also occur in the proximal portion of RA. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sublingual nifedipine administrated prior to puncture on the endothelial function of distal and proximal RA. METHODS Eighty-nine patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) were randomly assigned to the nifedipine group ( n = 45) or control group ( n = 44). The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) of distal and proximal RA were measured at baseline, 24 h, and 48 h after transradial angiography. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the nifedipine group only limited the reduction of FMD in the distal RA at 24 and 48 h [6.52 ± 1.40% (24 h) vs. 5.85 ± 1.38% (24 h), P = 0.03; 7.41 ± 1.30% (48 h) vs. 6.65 ± 1.25% (48 h), P = 0.006], whereas FMD alterations in the proximal RA were not restored by nifedipine. Both groups were still lower than baseline values (11.66 ± 2.35% and 11.24 ± 2.22%). We observed similar effects of nifedipine on the NMD of the distal RA. CONCLUSION Although transradial angiography-induced dysfunction was reported in both distal and proximal RA, nifedipine could help restore the distal endothelial function of the cannulated RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xile Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qianghua Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Hongdan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jianshuang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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Foster HS, Tabori NE, Sabri SS, Horton KM, Khan AA, Sivananthan G. Effect of intra-arterial vasodilator administration during radial artery access on systemic blood pressure in patients receiving moderate sedation. J Vasc Access 2021; 23:725-729. [PMID: 33845682 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211008099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The hemodynamic effects of intra-arterial vasodilator administration for the prevention of radial artery spasm during transradial access have not been well characterized. This study evaluates the effect of intra-arterial Verapamil and Nitroglycerine administration on systemic blood pressure and its correlation with timing of moderate sedation administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was granted. Patients who underwent transradial access from 4/2018 to 4/2019 and received both intra-arterial vasodilators and moderate sedation were identified and their electronic medical records reviewed. Patients were divided into three cohorts based on the timing of sedation and intra-arterial vasodilator administration. Decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was expressed as means with standard deviation which were then compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS A total of 84 patients who met inclusion criteria demonstrated an overall mean decrease in SBP of 16.45 mmHg ± 15.45 mmHg. Patients receiving sedation and intra-arterial vasodilators within their expected peak SBP effect times had similar SBP change following the intra-arterial vasodilators as those in whom the interval was greater than 10 min (4.2 mmHg; 95% CI (-4.11 to 12.52), p = 0.3171). Two patients experienced asymptomatic hypotension. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing transradial access for procedures utilizing moderate sedation can safely receive intra-arterial Verapamil and Nitroglycerine for prevention of radial artery spasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley S Foster
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nora E Tabori
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Saher S Sabri
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Arshad A Khan
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Luther E, Chen SH, McCarthy DJ, Nada A, Heath R, Berry K, Strickland A, Burks J, Silva M, Sur S, Yavagal DR, Starke RM, Peterson EC. Implementation of a radial long sheath protocol for radial artery spasm reduces access site conversions in neurointerventions. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:547-551. [PMID: 32843358 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neurointerventionalists have transitioned to transradial access (TRA) as the preferred approach for neurointerventions as studies continue to demonstrate fewer access site complications than transfemoral access. However, radial artery spasm (RAS) remains one of the most commonly cited reasons for access site conversions. We discuss the benefits, techniques, and indications for using the long radial sheath in RAS and present our experience after implementing a protocol for routine use. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients undergoing neurointerventions via TRA at our institution from July 2018 to April 2020 was performed. In November 2019, we implemented a long radial sheath protocol to address RAS. Patient demographics, RAS rates, radial artery diameter, and access site conversions were compared before and after the introduction of the protocol. RESULTS 747 diagnostic cerebral angiograms and neurointerventional procedures in which TRA was attempted as the primary access site were identified; 247 were performed after the introduction of the long radial sheath protocol. No significant differences in age, gender, procedure type, sheath sizes, and radial artery diameter were seen between the two cohorts. Radial anomalies and small radial diameters were more frequently seen in patients with RAS. Patients with clinically significant RAS more often required access site conversion (p<0.0001), and in our multivariable model use of the long sheath was the only covariate protective against radial failure (OR 0.061, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.517; p=0.0103). CONCLUSION In our experience, we have found that the use of long radial sheaths significantly reduces the need for access site conversions in patients with RAS during cerebral angiography and neurointerventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie H Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David J McCarthy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmed Nada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rainya Heath
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Berry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Allison Strickland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua Burks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Silva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Samir Sur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Peterson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In percutaneous coronary interventions, use of the radial artery may be limited by vascular anatomy or vascular complications, such as radial artery spasm, dissection or perforation. The balloon-assisted tracking (BAT) technique is a novel and innovative method to successfully perform transradial procedures in patients with difficult vascular anatomy, severe tortuosity or radial artery spasm. In addition, the BAT technique can serve as a bail-out technique when vascular complications such as artery dissection or perforation occur. OBJECTIVE We analysed data of all percutaneous coronary intervention patients in whom the BAT technique was undertaken in daily practice and report acute and long-term outcomes. RESULTS A total of 62 patients were included and, in most patients, the BAT technique was performed for radial spasm. Most patients were administered benzodiazepines or nitrates before the BAT technique was performed. The primary end point, defined as successful passage of the catheter through the artery of the arm using the BAT technique, was 98%. 11% of patients developed a complication within 24 h (haematoma, prolonged pain or visible vascular damage at the end of procedure); all completely recovered at follow-up. No complications occurred during long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION BAT is a low-risk and easy-to-use technique that increases the success rate of radial artery access and may prevent vascular complications.
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Coronary interventions via radial artery without pre-procedural routine use of spasmolytic agents. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2020; 16:138-144. [PMID: 32636897 PMCID: PMC7333200 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2020.96056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radial access reduces the number of vascular complications. Radial artery spasm (RAS) can be prevented by the use of spasmolytic agents. However, use of these drugs can be possibly limited to certain groups of patients. Aim To assess the feasibility and safety of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions through the radial artery without the routine use of spasmolytic agents. Material and methods A group of 293 patients (M/F 180/113, mean age: 67 ±10 years) who underwent coronary angiography and interventions through the radial artery approach was studied. Spasmolytic agents were applied in case of RAS. Every patient had ultrasound assessment of the radial artery on the next day to assess its diameter and detect occlusion. Results RAS was observed in 55 patients (18.8%, M/F 28/27) and radial artery occlusion (RAO) in 47 (16%, M/F: 24/23) cases. RAS was followed by RAO in 17 cases, which constituted 17/55 (30.9%) of all RAS. Two patients had symptomatic occlusion, which required prolonged anticoagulation with complete restoration of patency. The RAS was higher in prolonged procedures (angiography time 32.6 ±12.8 vs. 29 ±13.5 min, p = 0.03; intervention time 40 ±23.5 vs. 26.3 ±25 min, p = 0.0035) and was dependent on time of the local pressure (7.5 ±2.3 vs. 6.5 ±2.8 h, p = 0.03). The RAO increased proportionally to the number of catheters used (p = 0.01) and was dependent on time of the local pressure (8.6 ±3.5 vs. 6.4 ±2.7 h, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study showed that angiography and interventions without routine use of spasmolytic agents were feasible and safe. RAS and RAO are related to independent risk factors and comparable to data from the literature when spasmolytics were used.
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Eslami G, Golshani S, Moosazadeh M, Shadfar F. Intra-Arterial Labetalol and Nitroglycerin in Preventing Radial Artery Spasm Following Transradial Angiography: A New Approach. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Radial artery spasm (RAS) resulted from decreasing blood flow and activation of vasomotor system leads to a decrease in artery diameter, perfusion and patency, and increase the risk of procedure failure. In this study, we investigated the effects of intra-arterial administration of nitroglycerin and labetalol on radial artery diameter, RAS, and pain intensity in patients undergoing diagnostic radial angiography. Methods: Sixty-four patients randomly enrolled into one of the nitroglycerin (150 μg) or labetalol (500 μg) groups. The radial artery size, and the incidence of RAS were measured before, immediately after puncture, and at the end of treatment. Pain intensity was evaluated using a visual-analog-scale (VAS) at the end of the procedure. Hemodynamic status before, and during the procedure was also recorded. Results: Labetalol causes a significantly larger increase in radial diameter than nitroglycerin immediately after intra-arterial injection (2.24±0.58 mm vs. 1.65±0.39 mm, P-value<0.001). The rate of RAS immediately after vasodilator administration in the labetalol group was 3.1% vs. 12.5% in the nitroglycerin group (P-value=0.355), but the overall incidence (immediately after administration+ at the end of procedure) did not show a statistically significant difference (53.125% vs 31.25% respectively, P-value=0.076). The VAS score did not show a significant difference between two groups (1.15±0.44 in nitroglycerin vs. 1.50±0.91, P-value=0.063). Conclusion: Labetalol increases radial artery diameter more than nitroglycerin. However, the efficacy of labetalol in terms of RAS incidence, and patients’ pain was similar to nitroglycerin. Therefore, intra-arterial labetalol could be considered as one of the therapeutic options in clinical practice in order to reduce RAS and procedure failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Eslami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Samad Golshani
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Shehab A, Bhagavathula AS, Kaes AA, Ragy H, Gupta R, El Mansour IM, Said Elkeshk EE. Effect of Vasodilatory Medications on Blood Pressure in Patients Undergoing Transradial Coronary Angiography: A Comparative Study. Heart Views 2020; 21:75-79. [PMID: 33014299 PMCID: PMC7507901 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_114_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients undergoing coronary intervention, different vasodilators are used to prevent the radial artery spasm (RAS). To date, no studies investigated the effect of these vasodilators in blood pressure (BP) reduction. Aim: The study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of vasodilatory medications on BP reduction in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography procedure. Methods: We consecutively included 300 patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography procedures and randomly assigned them into three equal groups to compare the effect of verapamil (2.5 mg), nitroglycerin (200 μg), and combination (verapamil 2.5 mg with nitroglycerin 200 (μg) was diluted in 5 ml of normal saline and given through radial sheath. Changes in the BP, heart rate (HR), and other clinical parameters were assessed and presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ANOVA test was performed to analyze the differences in the BP and other clinical parameters between the three groups. Results: Overall, the mean age of the study population was 53.26 years (standard deviation: 9.27), male patients (84%), with dyslipidemia (62.6%), and diabetes (45%). At baseline, the mean systolic BP (SBP) was 150.91 ± 31.66 mmHg, HR (72.34 ± 12.71 beats/min). After the administration of vasodilators, the combination group reduced SBP significantly (SMD: −33.35 [95% CI]: −40.27–−26.42, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between groups for the SBP (F [2,296] =3.38, P = 0.035). Verapamil alone showed a significant decrease in the SBP by −27.23 mmHg and diastolic BP by −4.980 mmHg. Conclusion: Intra-arterial administration of verapamil alone showed lower BP reduction compared to the combination of vasodilators. Verapamil could be a safer and effective alternative to prevent RAS with no deleterious effect on BP and HR in patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Shehab
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Al Anee Kaes
- Consultant Cardiologist, Mediclinic Al Ain Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hany Ragy
- Consultant Cardiologist, National Heart Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Consultant Cardiologist, Mediclinic Al Ain Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
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Khan MZ, Patel K, Franklin S, Faruqi A, Ahmad W, Saeed J. Radial artery spasm: reviews and updates. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1253-1258. [PMID: 32185750 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elective and emergent coronary interventions via transradial access (TRA) are been used increasingly as they carry a reduced risk of complications. Percutaneous coronary intervention via TRA may lead to radial artery spasms (RAS) that may result in prolonged procedure time, cross-over of access site, and other complications. This review article discusses the recent definitions, incidences, pathophysiology, predictive score calculator, efficacy, the safety of the radial cocktails, and treatment of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA.
| | - Krunalkumar Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA
| | - Sona Franklin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA
| | - Aradh Faruqi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamaluddin Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Aoun J, Hattar L, Dgayli K, Wong G, Bhat T. Update on complications and their management during transradial cardiac catheterization. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 17:741-751. [PMID: 31608731 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1675510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Transradial artery access (TRA) was introduced in 1989 and has been universally used as an alternative approach to the traditional transfemoral access (TFA). Complications of TRA include asymptomatic and less likely symptomatic radial artery occlusion, nonocclusive radial artery injury, radial artery spasm, radial arterial perforation, radial artery pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, granuloma formation, access-site bleeding, nerve damage, complex regional pain syndrome along with other rare complications.Areas covered: A literature search was performed using MedLine, PubMed, and Google Scholar (dating to 1 May 2019). Authors reviewed all articles related to transradial artery catheterization, its complications, as well as novel techniques for their management. The article provides insight on the incidence, risk factors, and prevention of such complications along with a description of usual and newer techniques to decrease morbidity.Expert opinion: With increasing experience, TRA complication rate is decreasing and new very uncommon complications are being described. A 'radial first' approach should be implemented in all catheterization laboratories and a physician's familiarity with minor and major complications is a must. Distal radial artery access through the snuff box might be the preferred site of accessing the radial artery and further studies will be needed to prove its superiority to the current access site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Aoun
- Division of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, USA
| | - Laith Hattar
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khabib Dgayli
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon Wong
- Department of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tariq Bhat
- Division of Cardiology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Curtis E, Fernandez R, Lee A. The effect of topical medications on radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary procedures: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [PMID: 29521870 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify the effectiveness of topical medications on radial artery spasm (RAS) in patients undergoing transradial percutaneous coronary procedures. INTRODUCTION Percutaneous coronary procedures were traditionally carried out via the femoral artery; however, over the last 20 years there has been a global increase in the number of proceduralists carrying out percutaneous coronary procedures via the transradial approach. Radial artery spasm remains an issue for the transradial approach, potentially leading to procedural failure. Topical medications have been suggested to reduce the occurrence of RAS during transradial percutaneous coronary procedures. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review considered papers that included participants aged 18 years and over undergoing non-emergency transradial percutaneous coronary procedures. This review considered papers on the utilization of topical medications prior to commencing the transradial approach for percutaneous coronary procedures to reduce RAS. Topical medications were compared to other medications. The primary outcome was the incidence of RAS as assessed by angiography or ultrasound or resistance felt by the operator while manipulating the catheter. Other outcomes of interest included change in radial artery diameter, measured by angiography or ultrasound, change in radial artery patency and side effects of medications administered. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were considered. METHODS A three-step search strategy was utilized in this review. A search of various databases was carried out followed by a search for unpublished literature between 1989 to January 2017. Only papers published in English were included in the review. Papers selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). There was no need for a third reviewer. Quantitative data was extracted from papers included in the review using the JBI data extraction instrument and entered in to RevMan5 (Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Cochrane). All results were subject to double data entry. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratio (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for analysis. RESULTS Only three studies involving 697 participants met the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of RAS in patients treated with a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics compared to subcutaneous lidocaine (OR 0.26; 95%CI 0.07,0.96). However there were no significant differences in RAS in studies that compared eutectic mixture of local anesthetics and placebo or a combinations of lidocaine with nitroglycerine compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to draw a valid conclusion, given the low number of studies, small sample sizes and heterogeneity between the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Curtis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Centre for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence
| | - Astin Lee
- Department of Cardiology, The Wollongong Hospital
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12
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Curtis E, Fernandez R, Lee A. The effect of vasodilatory medications on radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary artery procedures: a systematic review. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2017; 15:1952-1967. [PMID: 28708754 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake of percutaneous coronary procedures via the radial artery has increased internationally due to the decreased risk of complications and increased patient satisfaction. The increased susceptibility of the radial artery to spasm however presents a potential risk for procedural failure. Although most experts agree on the need for prophylactic medications to reduce radial artery spasm, currently there is inconsistency in literature regarding the most effective vasodilatory medication or combination of medications. REVIEW OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of vasodilatory medications on radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary artery procedures. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS This review considered studies that included participants aged 18 years and over undergoing non-emergent transradial percutaneous coronary artery procedures. TYPES OF INTERVENTION(S) This review considered studies that used vasodilating intravenous and intra-arterial medications or combinations of medications prior to commencing and during transradial coronary approaches to reduce radial artery spasm. OUTCOMES The outcomes of interest were the incidence of radial artery spasm during percutaneous coronary procedure using objective and/or subjective measures and its effect on the successful completion of the procedure. TYPES OF STUDIES Randomized controlled trials published in the English language between 1989 to date were considered for inclusion. SEARCH STRATEGY The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished studies. A three-step search strategy was utilized in this review. An initial search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus was undertaken, followed by a search for unpublished studies. ASSESSMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY Papers selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments. Any disagreements that arose between the reviewers were resolved through discussion. DATA EXTRACTION Quantitative data was extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from RevMan5 (Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Cochrane). DATA SYNTHESIS Quantitative data, where possible, was pooled in statistical meta-analysis using RevMan5. All results were subject to double data entry. Effect sizes expressed as risk ratio (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for analysis. RESULTS Nine trials involving 3614 patients were included in the final review. Pooled data involving 992 patients on the effect of calcium channel blockers demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of vasospasm in patients who received verapamil 5 mg compared to those who received a placebo (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.19, 0.58). Similarly patients who received verapamil 2.5 mg or 1.25 mg had significantly fewer incidences of vasospasm when compared to those who received a placebo. Nitroglycerine 100mcg was demonstrated to be associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of vasospasm. CONCLUSION The evidence demonstrates a benefit in the use of vasodilatory medications for the reduction of vasospasm in patients having radial coronary procedures. Further large-scale multi-center trials are needed to determine the preferred medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Curtis
- 1School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2Centre for Evidence based Initiatives in Health Care: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence 3School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia 4Department of Cardiology, the Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, Australia 5Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Avdikos G, Karatasakis A, Tsoumeleas A, Lazaris E, Ziakas A, Koutouzis M. Radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary catheterization. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:305-316. [PMID: 28567356 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transradial approach (TRA) for coronary angiography and interventions is increasingly utilized around the world. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most common significant complication after transradial catheterization, with incidence varying between 1% and 10%. Although RAO is rarely accompanied by hand ischemia, it is an important complication because it prohibits future transradial access and radial artery utilization as a conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting or arteriovenous fistula formation. In this review, we discuss factors predicting the occurrence of RAO, aspects of accurate and prompt recognition, methods that contribute to its prevention and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Avdikos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Karatasakis
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas Tsoumeleas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Lazaris
- Second Department of Cardiology, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Koutouzis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Curtis E, Fernandez R, Lee A. Effects of topical medications on radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:2-8. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Curtis E, Fernandez R, Lee A. Effectiveness of vasodilatory medications on radial artery spasm in patients undergoing transradial coronary artery procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:26-33. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Procedural sedation during transradial coronary angiography to prevent spasm. Herz 2015; 41:435-8. [PMID: 26598418 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Radial artery spasm is common during transradial procedures and is the most common cause of procedural failure. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the routine administration of sedation at the beginning of transradial coronary angiography with the use of hydrophilic-coated and smaller sheaths/catheters would reduce the incidence of radial artery spasm. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography were prospectively randomized to receive midazolam during the procedure or no sedative treatment. The primary endpoint was angiographically confirmed radial artery spasm. Stenosis of the radial artery was measured with a computer-assisted quantification method. RESULTS In all, 150 patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. Spasm occurred in 15 patients of the treatment group (20 %) versus 16 in the control group (21.3 %). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the incidence of spasm and the distribution of spasm severity (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of 30-day mortality or repeat hospitalization for any cause (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Routine use of midazolam could not reduce the occurrence of radial artery spasm during transradial coronary angiography.
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Kwok CS, Rashid M, Fraser D, Nolan J, Mamas M. Intra-arterial vasodilators to prevent radial artery spasm: a systematic review and pooled analysis of clinical studies. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2015; 16:484-90. [PMID: 26365608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to review the available literature on the efficacy and safety of agents used for prevention of RAS. BACKGROUND Different vasodilator agents have been used to prevent radial artery spasm (RAS) in patients undergoing transradial cardiac catheterization. METHODS We included studies that evaluated any intra-arterial drug administered in the setting cardiac catheterization that was undertaken through the transradial access site (TRA). We also compared studies for secondary outcomes of major bleeding, procedure time, and procedure failure rate in setting of RAS prevention, patent hemostasis and radial artery occlusion. RESULTS 22 clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. For placebo, RAS rate was 12% (4 studies, 638 participants), which was similar to 2.5mg of verapamil 12% (3 studies, 768 participants) but greater than 5mg of verapamil (4%, 2 studies, 497 participants). For nicorandil, there was a much higher RAS rate compared to placebo (16%, 3 studies, 447 participants). The lowest rates of RAS was found for nitroglycerin at both 100 μg (4%) and 200 μg (2%) doses, isosorbide mononitrate (4%) and nicardipine (3%). We found no information regarding the procedure failure rates, patent hemostasis, and radial artery occlusion in these studies. CONCLUSIONS In this largest and up-to-date review on intra-arterial vasodilators use to reduce RAS, we have found that the verapamil at a dose of 5mg or verapamil in combination with nitroglycerine are the best combinations to reduce RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shing Kwok
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- St. Helens & Knowsley Teaching Hospital (NHS) Trust, Whiston Hospital, Prescot, UK
| | - Doug Fraser
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - James Nolan
- University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Mamas Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK; Farr Institute, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Chugh SK, Chugh Y, Chugh S. How to tackle complications in radial procedures: Tip and tricks. Indian Heart J 2015; 67:275-81. [PMID: 26138190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transradial interventions (TRI) are becoming increasingly popular because of accumulating recent evidence suggesting improved survival and reduced morbidity. Complications, though rare, do occur, especially for operators on their learning curve. The complications are best prevented by utilization of proper technique. Forearm hematoma are preventable and easy to treat, but a delay in detecting and managing them can lead to disastrous consequences compartment syndrome being the most dreaded one. This review deals with tips and tricks to prevent as also treat the common and rare complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yashasvi Chugh
- Resident, Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sunita Chugh
- Consultant in Non-invasive Cardiology at TMH, India
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Hu H, Fu Q, Chen W, Wang D, Hua X, Chen B. A prospective randomized comparison of left and right radial approach for percutaneous coronary angiography in Asian populations. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:963-8. [PMID: 25018624 PMCID: PMC4073974 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s64235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of coronary angiography may be different in the right radial approach (RRA) and the left radial approach (LRA) due to more common vascular tortuosity in the RRA. The aim of the study was to determine whether LRA is a valid alternative for coronary angiography compared with RRA in Asian populations. Methods This is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. A total of 1,400 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography were recruited and randomized to the RRA (number [n]=700) or LRA (n=700) group. The primary end point was total procedural duration. Secondary end points included fluoroscopy time, dose of radiation including cumulative air kerma and dose area product, contrast volume, and the incidence of vascular complications. Results Coronary procedural success was achieved in 682 of 700 (97.4%) patients in the RRA and 680 of 700 (97.1%) in the LRA. The total procedural time (RRA 14.1±6.3 minutes versus LRA 13.2±6.0 minutes; P=0.006) and fluoroscopy time (RRA 3.8±3.3 minutes versus LRA 3.4±2.8 minutes; P=0.046) were significantly shorter via LRA in comparison to RRA. The percentage of hydrophilic wire use was also lower in the LRA group (14% [RRA] versus 10% [LRA]; P=0.016). The dose of radiation and contrast volume were not different between the two approaches. No cases of major bleeding and vascular complications requiring surgical intervention were reported, other than with one patient who experienced a symptomatic stroke and died in the RRA group compared with none in the LRA group. Conclusion The LRA seems to be a feasible alternative for coronary angiography in Asian patients due to shorter procedural duration and fluoroscopy time, as well as less hydrophilic wire use in comparison to RRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Rosencher J, Chaïb A, Barbou F, Arnould MA, Huber A, Salengro E, Jégou A, Allouch P, Zuily S, Mihoub F, Varenne O. How to limit radial artery spasm during percutaneous coronary interventions: The spasmolytic agents to avoid spasm during transradial percutaneous coronary interventions (SPASM3) study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 84:766-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rosencher
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes. Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Aurès Chaïb
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal André Grégoire; Montreuil France
| | - Franck Barbou
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce. Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
| | - Marc-Antoine Arnould
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes. Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Arthur Huber
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
| | - Emmanuel Salengro
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Villeneuve-Saint-Georges; France
| | - Arnaud Jégou
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
| | | | - Stéphane Zuily
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Service de Cardiologie; Nancy France
| | - Fadila Mihoub
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
| | - Olivier Varenne
- AP-HP; Hôpital Cochin; Service de Cardiologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes. Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes; Paris France
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Bhat T, Teli S, Bhat H, Akhtar M, Meghani M, Lafferty J, Gala B. Access-site complications and their management during transradial cardiac catheterization. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 10:627-34. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Deftereos S, Giannopoulos G, Raisakis K, Hahalis G, Kaoukis A, Kossyvakis C, Avramides D, Pappas L, Panagopoulou V, Pyrgakis V, Alexopoulos D, Stefanadis C, Cleman MW. Moderate procedural sedation and opioid analgesia during transradial coronary interventions to prevent spasm: a prospective randomized study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6:267-73. [PMID: 23517838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that moderate procedural sedation can reduce the incidence of radial artery spasm. BACKGROUND Transradial access for left heart catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention is increasingly used for emergent and elective procedures, in lieu of the femoral approach. However, increased rates of access site crossover have been reported, with radial artery spasm being a major contributor to this effect. METHODS Patients undergoing elective transradial percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively randomized to receive fentanyl and midazolam during the procedure or no treatment (control subjects). The primary endpoint was angiographically confirmed radial artery spasm. Patient discomfort was quantified with a visual analogue scale. RESULTS Two thousand thirteen patients (age 64.5 ± 8.4 years) were randomized. Spasm occurred in 2.6% of the treatment group versus 8.3% of control subjects (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 0.29). The number needed to treat to avoid 1 case of spasm was 18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.9 to 26.6). The access site crossover rate was 34% lower in the treatment group: 9.9% versus 15.0% (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.82). Patient discomfort visual analogue scale score was 18.8 ± 12.5 in the treatment group versus 27.4 ± 17.4 in control subjects (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the 30-day rate of death or repeat hospital stay for any cause: 4.6% versus 4.5% (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.56). CONCLUSIONS Routine administration of relatively low doses of an opioid/benzodiazepine combination during transradial interventional procedures is associated with a substantial reduction in the rate of spasm, the need for access site crossover, and the procedure-related level of patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Deftereos
- Cardiology Department and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Athens General Hospital G. Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
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Ho HH, Jafary FH, Ong PJ. Radial artery spasm during transradial cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention: incidence, predisposing factors, prevention, and management. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2012; 13:193-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dandekar VK, Vidovich MI, Shroff AR. Complications of transradial catheterization. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2012; 13:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gan L, Lib Q, Liuc R, Zhaoc Y, Qiuc J, Liao Y. Effectiveness and feasibility of transradial approaches for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1007-4376(09)60068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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