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Nishigawa K, Onga Y, Uemura K, Shimokawa T, Fukui T. Surgical aortic valve replacement provides better left ventricular mass regression than transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with small aortic annulus. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 71:167-174. [PMID: 35904726 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-022-01858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and degree of left ventricular (LV) mass regression after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with small aortic annulus (defined as annular diameter of ≤ 21 mm). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed echocardiographic findings in total of 277 patients with aortic stenosis and small aortic annulus (63 underwent SAVR and 214 underwent TAVR) between October 2013 and March 2019. PPM was defined as an effective orifice area index (EOAI) ≤ 0.85 cm2/m2. LV mass regression was evaluated as percentage change in LV mass index (LVMI) from baseline to the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS The median EOAI before discharge was slightly larger in the TAVR group than in the SAVR group (1.09 vs. 1.07 cm2/m2; P = 0.030). However, the incidence of PPM before discharge (9.4 vs. 12.7%; P = 0.438) and at the 1-year follow-up (11.7 vs. 11.1%; P = 0.901) was similar between groups. Mild or greater paravalvular leakage (PVL) after the procedure was more frequent in the TAVR group (11.7 vs. 0%; P = 0.002). Reduction in LVMI was significantly higher in the SAVR group (19.3 vs. 6.4%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that reduction in LVMI was positively associated with higher baseline transaortic pressure gradient (P < 0.001) and higher baseline LVMI (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with older age (P < 0.001) and mild or greater PVL (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SAVR provides better LV mass regression than TAVR with a comparable rate of PPM in patients with small aortic annulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Nishigawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Onga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Uemura
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Course, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Wang Y, Yang G, Li S, Li Y, He L, Liu D. Arrhythmia classification algorithm based on multi-head self-attention mechanism. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Yin Y, Huang C, Wang Z, Huang P, Qin S. Identification of cellular heterogeneity and key signaling pathways associated with vascular remodeling and calcification in young and old primate aortas based on single-cell analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:982-1003. [PMID: 36566020 PMCID: PMC10008505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging of the vascular system is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. The structure and function of the blood vessel wall change with aging. To prevent age-related cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to understand the cellular heterogeneity of vascular wall and changes of cellular communication among cell subpopulations during aging. Here, using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of young and old monkey aortas, we analyzed the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in detail and identified a distinct endothelial cell subpopulation that involved in vascular remodeling and calcification. Moreover, cellular communication that changed with aging was analyzed and we identified a number of signaling pathways that associated with vascular aging. We found that EGF signaling pathway play an essential role in vascular remodeling and calcification of aged aortas. This work provided a better understanding of vascular aging and laid the foundation for prevention of age-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China.,Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zidi Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Pan Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
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4
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Kim SE, Jeong SI, Shim KM, Jang K, Park JS, Lim YM, Kang SS. In Vivo Evaluation of Gamma-Irradiated and Heparin-Immobilized Small-Diameter Polycaprolactone Vascular Grafts with VEGF in Aged Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061265. [PMID: 35335595 PMCID: PMC8955708 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of small-diameter vascular grafts depends on their antithrombogenic properties and ability to undergo accelerated endothelialization. The extreme hydrophobic nature of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) hinders vascular tissue integration, limiting its use in medical implants. To enhance the antithrombogenicity of PCL as a biomaterial, we grafted 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) hydrochloride onto the PCL surface using gamma irradiation; developed a biodegradable heparin-immobilized PCL nanofibrous scaffold using gamma irradiation and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction chemistry; and incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into the scaffold to promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and prevent thrombosis on the vascular grafts. We assessed the physicochemical properties of PCL, heparin-AEMA-PCL (H-PCL), and VEGF-loaded heparin-AEMA-PCL (VH-PCL) vascular grafts using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, toluidine blue O staining, and fibrinogen adsorption and surface wettability measurement. In addition, we implanted the vascular grafts into 24-month-old Sprague Dawley rats and evaluated them for 3 months. The H-PCL and VH-PCL vascular grafts improved the recovery of blood vessel function by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells and preventing thrombosis in clinical and histological evaluation, indicating their potential to serve as functional vascular grafts in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Kyung-Mi Shim
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Jang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Youn-Mook Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.-I.J.); (J.-S.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
| | - Seong-Soo Kang
- BK21 FOUR Program, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-M.S.); (K.J.)
- Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.L.); (S.-S.K.); Tel.: +82-63-570-3065 (Y.-M.L.); +82-62-530-2877 (S.S.K.)
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Sabbatinelli J, Ramini D, Giuliani A, Recchioni R, Spazzafumo L, Olivieri F. Connecting vascular aging and frailty in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111444. [PMID: 33539904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging plays an important role in the etiology of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The increasing number of AD patients and the lack of disease-modifying drugs warranted intensive research to tackle the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning AD development. Vascular aging/dysfunction is a common feature of almost all ARDs, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases, diabetes and AD. To this regard, interventions aimed at modifying CV outcomes are under extensive investigation for their pleiotropic role in ameliorating and slowing down cognitive impairment in middle-life and elderly individuals. Evidence from observational and clinical studies confirm the notion that the earlier the interventions are conducted, the most favorable are the effects on cognitive function. Therefore, epidemiological research should focus on the early detection of deviations from a healthy cognitive aging trajectory, through the stratification of adult individuals according to the rate of aging. Here, we review the interplay between vascular and cognitive dysfunctions associated with aging, to disentangle the complex mechanisms underpinning the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, with a specific focus on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Rina Recchioni
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liana Spazzafumo
- Epidemiologic Observatory, Regional Health Agency, Regione Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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Izzo C, Vitillo P, Di Pietro P, Visco V, Strianese A, Virtuoso N, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:60. [PMID: 33467601 PMCID: PMC7829951 DOI: 10.3390/life11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as process characterized by accumulation of oxidative stress induced damage. Oxidative stress derives from different endogenous and exogenous processes, all of which ultimately lead to progressive loss in tissue and organ structure and functions. The oxidative stress theory of aging expresses itself in age-related diseases. Aging is in fact a primary risk factor for many diseases and in particular for cardiovascular diseases and its derived morbidity and mortality. Here we highlight the role of oxidative stress in age-related cardiovascular aging and diseases. We take into consideration the molecular mechanisms, the structural and functional alterations, and the diseases accompanied to the cardiovascular aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Paolo Vitillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Strianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (P.V.); (P.D.P.); (V.V.); (A.S.); (N.V.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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7
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Qian X, Asad SB, Li J, Wang J, Wei D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhu H. Link between cardiac function and the antioxidative defense mechanism in aged rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1100-1105. [PMID: 31010674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging presents profound structural and physiological changes in the cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress, a major contributing factor during the aging process, has been involved in various age-related cardiovascular pathologies. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of oxidative stress in the aging heart is still unclear. This study was designed to determine whether changes in cardiac structure and function in aged rats were associated with decreases in the antioxidative defense mechanism. Young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) rats were used in this study, and the differences in function, structure, antioxidative capacity and the expression of antioxidative-related proteins between the two groups were compared. By using echocardiography, we observed that compared to young rats, the left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter (LVID; d) and left ventricular volume at diastole (LV Vol; d) were significantly increased in aged rats, while the MV E/A (E wave and A wave ratio, the ratio of peak velocity of early to late filling of mitral inflow), which represents heart diastolic function, was significantly decreased in aged rats. In addition, we observed degenerative histological modifications and an increased number of apoptotic cells in aged rats. We further detected the protein expression of catalase (CAT), glutathione synthetase (GSS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in cardiac tissue. Western blot results showed that the expression of GSS was significantly decreased and that the expressions of CAT, SOD-1, and HO-1 were slightly decreased in aged rats. Immunohistochemistry results further confirmed the decreased expression of GSS, SOD-1 and NQO1 in cardiomyocytes in aged rats. Taken together, our data suggest that aging may affect the morphology and function of the heart by oxidative stress and the antioxidative defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deqin Wei
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Izzo C, Carrizzo A, Alfano A, Virtuoso N, Capunzo M, Calabrese M, De Simone E, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Oliveti M, Damato A, Ambrosio M, De Caro F, Remondelli P, Vecchione C. The Impact of Aging on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E481. [PMID: 29415476 PMCID: PMC5855703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidences report that aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Understanding Aging from a genetic, biochemical and physiological point of view could be helpful to design a better medical approach and to elaborate the best therapeutic strategy to adopt, without neglecting all the risk factors associated with advanced age. Of course, the better way should always be understanding risk-to-benefit ratio, maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms. Although improvements in treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population have increased the survival rate, several studies are needed to understand the best management option to improve therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to give a 360° panorama on what goes on in the fragile ecosystem of elderly, why it happens and what we can do, right now, with the tools at our disposal to slow down aging, until new discoveries on aging, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Antonia Alfano
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
- Rehabilitation Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Eros De Simone
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosio
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
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9
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Martín-Fernández B, Gredilla R. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and cardiac ageing. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:74-83. [PMID: 29398015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
According with different international organizations, cardiovascular diseases are becoming the first cause of death in western countries. Although exposure to different risk factors, particularly those related to lifestyle, contribute to the etiopathogenesis of cardiac disorders, the increase in average lifespan and aging are considered major determinants of cardiac diseases events. Mitochondria and oxidative stress have been pointed out as relevant factors both in heart aging and in the development of cardiac diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. During aging, cellular processes related with mitochondrial function, such as bioenergetics, apoptosis and inflammation are altered leading to cardiac dysfunction. Increasing our knowledge about the mitochondrial mechanisms related with the aging process, will provide new strategies in order to improve this process, particularly the cardiovascular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Ricardo Gredilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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de Almeida AJPO, Ribeiro TP, de Medeiros IA. Aging: Molecular Pathways and Implications on the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7941563. [PMID: 28874954 PMCID: PMC5569936 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's population over 60 years is growing rapidly, reaching 22% of the global population in the next decades. Despite the increase in global longevity, individual healthspan needs to follow this growth. Several diseases have their prevalence increased by age, such as cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the aging biology mechanisms is fundamental to the pursuit of cardiovascular health. In this way, aging is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological functions, involving the increased number in senescent cells into the body. Several pathways lead to senescence, including oxidative stress and persistent inflammation, as well as energy failure such as mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy, being ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, mTOR, IGF-1, and p53 key regulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways which drive towards diseases. In addition, senescence can be induced by cellular replication, which resulted from telomere shortening. Taken together, it is possible to draw a common pathway unifying aging to cardiovascular diseases, and the central point of this process, senescence, can be the target for new therapies, which may result in the healthspan matching the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur José Pontes Oliveira de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Thaís Porto Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária-Campus I, Caixa Postal 5009, 58.051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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The impact of age on the postoperative response of the diastolic function and left ventricular mass regression after surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. Surg Today 2016; 47:770-776. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martín-Fernández B, Gredilla R. Mitochondria and oxidative stress in heart aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:225-238. [PMID: 27449187 PMCID: PMC5061683 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As average lifespan of humans increases in western countries, cardiac diseases become the first cause of death. Aging is among the most important risk factors that increase susceptibility for developing cardiovascular diseases. The heart has very aerobic metabolism, and is highly dependent on mitochondrial function, since mitochondria generate more than 90 % of the intracellular ATP consumed by cardiomyocytes. In the last few decades, several investigations have supported the relevance of mitochondria and oxidative stress both in heart aging and in the development of cardiac diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the current review, we compile different studies corroborating this role. Increased mitochondria DNA instability, impaired bioenergetic efficiency, enhanced apoptosis, and inflammation processes are some of the events related to mitochondria that occur in aging heart, leading to reduced cellular survival and cardiac dysfunction. Knowing the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in the aging process will provide a better understanding of them and allow finding approaches to more efficiently improve this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Gredilla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Gomez-Marcos MA, Martinez-Salgado C, Gonzalez-Sarmiento R, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez PL, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, García-Ortiz L. Association between different risk factors and vascular accelerated ageing (EVA study): study protocol for a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011031. [PMID: 27267107 PMCID: PMC4908886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The process of population ageing that is occurring in developed societies represents a major challenge for the health system. The aim of this study is to analyse factors that have an influence on early vascular ageing (EVA), estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), and to determine differences by gender in a Spanish population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. STUDY POPULATION From the population assigned to the participating healthcare centres, a cluster random sampling stratified by age and gender will be performed to obtain 500 participants aged between 35 and 75. Those who meet the inclusion criteria and give written informed consent will be included in the study. MEASUREMENTS Main dependent variables: cf-PWV determined using the SphygmoCor System and CAVI estimated using VASERA. Secondary dependent variables: telomere length, carotid intima-media thickness, central and peripheral augmentation index, ankle-brachial pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, retinal arteriovenous index, and renal and cardiac organ damage. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES lifestyles (physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, alcohol and tobacco consumption); psychological factors (depression, anxiety and chronic stress); inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the clinical research ethics committee of the healthcare area of Salamanca. All study participants will sign an informed consent form agreeing to participate in the study in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. The results of this study will allow the understanding of the relationship of the different influencing factors and their relative weight in the development of EVA. At least 5 publications in first-quartile scientific journals are planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02623894; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Gomez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit, Instituto of Investigación Biomédica of Salamanca (IBSAL), The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, REDIAPP, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Carlos Martinez-Salgado
- Unit Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, IBSAL, Queen Sofia Institute of Nephrology Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Rogelio Gonzalez-Sarmiento
- IBSAL and Instituto of Biología Molecular and Celular of Cáncer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca–SACYL, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Jesus Ma Hernandez-Rivas
- IBSAL, IBMCC, Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, CSIC, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Pedro L Sanchez-Fernandez
- IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Cardiology Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodriguez
- Primary Care Research Unit, IBSAL, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, REDIAPP, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Primary Care Research Unit, Instituto of Investigación Biomédica of Salamanca (IBSAL), The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, REDIAPP, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit, BSAL, The Alamedilla Health Center, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Department, REDIAPP, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain
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14
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Lowenstine LJ, McManamon R, Terio KA. Comparative Pathology of Aging Great Apes: Bonobos, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangutans. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:250-76. [PMID: 26721908 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although gout is uniquely human and spondyloarthropathy is more prevalent in apes than humans. Humans are more prone to frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, longevity past reproductive senescence, loss of brain volume, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral vascular disease occurs in both humans and apes. Cardiovascular disease mortality increases in aging humans and apes, but coronary atherosclerosis is the most significant type in humans. In captive apes, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyopathy predominate, with arteriosclerosis of intramural coronary arteries. Similar cardiac lesions are occasionally seen in wild apes. Vascular changes in heart and kidneys and aortic dissections in gorillas and bonobos suggest that hypertension may be involved in pathogenesis. Chronic kidney disease is common in elderly humans and some aging apes and is linked with cardiovascular disease in orangutans. Neoplasms common to aging humans and apes include uterine leiomyomas in chimpanzees, but other tumors of elderly humans, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers, are uncommon in apes. Among the apes, chimpanzees have been best studied in laboratory settings, and more comparative research is needed into the pathology of geriatric zoo-housed and wild apes. Increasing longevity of humans and apes makes understanding aging processes and diseases imperative for optimizing quality of life in all the ape species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Lowenstine
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project-Gorilla Doctors, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R McManamon
- Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service, Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K A Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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15
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Krzesiński P, Stańczyk A, Gielerak G, Piotrowicz K. The hemodynamic patterns in hypertensive men and women of different age. J Hum Hypertens 2015; 30:177-85. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Loffredo FS, Nikolova AP, Pancoast JR, Lee RT. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: molecular pathways of the aging myocardium. Circ Res 2014; 115:97-107. [PMID: 24951760 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diastolic dysfunction is a major factor in the epidemic of heart failure. In patients hospitalized with heart failure, HFpEF is now as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We now have many successful treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while specific treatment options for HFpEF patients remain elusive. The lack of treatments for HFpEF reflects our very incomplete understanding of this constellation of diseases. There are many pathophysiological factors in HFpEF, but aging appears to play an important role. Here, we propose that aging of the myocardium is itself a specific pathophysiological process. New insights into the aging heart, including hormonal controls and specific molecular pathways, such as microRNAs, are pointing to myocardial aging as a potentially reversible process. While the overall process of aging remains mysterious, understanding the molecular pathways of myocardial aging has never been more important. Unraveling these pathways could lead to new therapies for the enormous and growing problem of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco S Loffredo
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andriana P Nikolova
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - James R Pancoast
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Richard T Lee
- From the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA; and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA.
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Wang M, Lei Y. Time-effect relationship of extracts from ginseng, notoginseng and chuanxiong on vascular endothelial cells senescence. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:758-63. [PMID: 25073698 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the time-effect relation of extracts from ginseng, notoginseng and chuanxiong on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced senescence of vascular endothelial cells and explore the feature of Chinese medicine against vascular diseases. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in vitro were stimulated with 10(-6) mol/L AngII to induce cell senescence, which were divided into 4 groups, the blank control group, the Ang II model group, the extracts group and the telmisartan group. The β-gal was used to identify senescence of cells, the cell counting kit-8 method was applied to assess the cell viability, the cell function was examined with the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the flow cytometry was used for analyzing the cell cycle changes. RESULTS Compared with the control cells, the cells positive for β-gal staining was significantly increased in the Ang II model group, and showed cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase with decreased S and G2/M phase cell percentage, eNOS expression and cell viability (P<0.05). The extracts and telmisartan treatment of Ang II-induced cells resulted in decreased β-gal positive cells with a reduction in G0/G1 phase cells and an increasing in S, G2/M phase cells and eNOS expression (P<0.05). At 24 h, the extracts were more effective than telmisartan (P<0.05); while telmisartan was more effective at 48 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Extracts from ginseng, notoginseng and chuanxiong can delay Ang II-induced aging of HUVECs and may play an important role in early senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- The Cardiology Department of Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chongqing the First Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
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18
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The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular aging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:615312. [PMID: 25143940 PMCID: PMC4131065 DOI: 10.1155/2014/615312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of other traditional factors.
Emerging evidence in experimental animal and human models has emphasized a central role for two main mechanisms
of age-related cardiovascular disease: oxidative stress and inflammation.
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide generated by oxidative stress
and low-grade inflammation accompanying aging recapitulate age-related cardiovascular dysfunction,
that is, left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction in the heart as well as endothelial dysfunction,
reduced vascular elasticity, and increased vascular stiffness. We describe the signaling involved in these two
main mechanisms that include the factors NF-κB, JunD, p66Shc, and Nrf2.
Potential therapeutic strategies to improve the cardiovascular function with aging are discussed, with a focus on calorie restriction, SIRT1, and resveratrol.
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Can the TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway be "a key inflammatory promoter for sporadic TAA"? Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:349476. [PMID: 25120286 PMCID: PMC4120489 DOI: 10.1155/2014/349476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aorta shows with advancing age various changes and a progressive deterioration in structure and function. As a result, vascular remodeling (VR) and medial degeneration (MD) occur as pathological entities responsible principally for the sporadic TAA onset. Little is known about their genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Recent evidence is proposing the strong role of a chronic immune/inflammatory process in their evocation and progression. Thus, we evaluated the potential role of Toll like receptor- (TLR-) 4-mediated signaling pathway and its polymorphisms in sporadic TAA. Genetic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were assessed. Interestingly, the rs4986790 TLR4 polymorphism confers a higher susceptibility for sporadic TAA (OR = 14.4, P = 0.0008) and it represents, together with rs1799752 ACE, rs3918242 MMP-9, and rs2285053 MMP-2 SNPs, an independent sporadic TAA risk factor. In consistency with these data, a significant association was observed between their combined risk genotype and sporadic TAA. Cases bearing this risk genotype showed higher systemic inflammatory mediator levels, significant inflammatory/immune infiltrate, a typical MD phenotype, lower telomere length, and positive correlations with histopatological abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, and ageing. Thus, TLR4 pathway should seem to have a key role in sporadic TAA. It might represent a potential useful tool for preventing and monitoring sporadic TAA and developing personalized treatments.
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu C, Liu Y, Kang S, Yan C, Li D, Sun H. Prevention of cardiac events caused by surgical stress in aged rats: simultaneously activating β2-adrenoceptor and inhibiting β1-adrenoceptor. Stress 2014; 17:373-81. [PMID: 24754893 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2014.915392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma catecholamine levels are associated with a high risk of perioperative cardiac events in aged individuals undergoing non-cardiac surgical interventions. Given the different effects of β1-adrenoreceptor (β1AR) and β2-adrenoreceptor (β2AR) stimulation by catecholamine in cardiomyocytes, this study evaluated whether simultaneous inhibition of β1AR and activation of β2AR is better than separate application in reducing the risk of perioperative cardiac events in aged rats undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Male aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups. Normal group received no treatment. Surgery group received an abdominal surgery with hypoxia. β1- group, β2+ group, β2+ group and β1+β2+ group received surgery and hypoxia with metoprolol (100 mg/kg·d), fenoterol (250 μg/kg·d) or both, respectively. The drugs were given three days before surgery with treatment continued through post-surgical day 7. The results showed that simultaneous activation of β2AR with a β2AR agonist and inhibition of β1AR with a selective β1AR blocker normalized myocardial oxygen consumption, decreased myocardial damage, augmented cardiomyocyte survival, improved cardiac function, reduced the incidence of arrhythmia, thus decreasing the occurrence of cardiac events in perioperative aged rats undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The results demonstrated that combined use of β2AR agonist and β1AR blocker achieved better general effects than use of either one alone. Our results provide a new insight into preventing perioperative cardiac events for elderly patients undergoing surgical stress.
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El Agaty SMT, Seif AA. Cardiovascular effects of long-term caffeine administration in aged rats. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:265-72. [PMID: 24639015 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the possible beneficial effect of long-term caffeine administration on cardiovascular system in aged rats. METHODS This study was carried out on 20 senile male albino rats, aged 18-20 months. Rats were divided into caffeine-treated group, which received 25 mg/kg caffeine by gavage daily for 6 weeks, and control group. All rats were subjected to the following in vivo measurements: body weight, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and ECG recording. In vitro measurements included studying isolated hearts in a Langendorff apparatus for their intrinsic properties as well as plasma levels of lipids, malondialdehyde and nitrate. RESULTS Caffeine administration to aged rats significantly enhanced the baseline and maximum values achieved in response to isoproterenol infusion in isolated heart preparation for both maximum rate of tension development (dT/dt max) and time to peak tension (TPT). The responses of hearts isolated from caffeine group to the three doses of isoproterenol infusion also showed a significantly higher dT/dt max with shorter TPT and half relaxation time (1/2 RT) compared to controls. Plasma nitrate was significantly increased and ECG recording was nonsignificantly affected in caffeine group. The plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as in vivo heart rate and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures were all significantly increased associated with a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol in caffeine group. CONCLUSION Long-term caffeine administration in aged rats increased cardiac inotropy, lusitropy and preserved NO level, which points to a promising potential favorable effect on cardiac intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M T El Agaty
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, 74 Abbassiya Street, Abdou Pasha Square, Cairo, Egypt,
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Khurana S, Venkataraman K, Hollingsworth A, Piche M, Tai TC. Polyphenols: benefits to the cardiovascular system in health and in aging. Nutrients 2013; 5:3779-827. [PMID: 24077237 PMCID: PMC3820045 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of naturally occurring dietary polyphenols in promoting cardiovascular health and emphasized the significant role these compounds play in limiting the effects of cellular aging. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and curcumin have been acknowledged for having beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, while some have also been shown to be protective in aging. This review highlights the literature surrounding this topic on the prominently studied and documented polyphenols as pertaining to cardiovascular health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Khurana
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Amanda Hollingsworth
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - Matthew Piche
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
| | - T. C. Tai
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +705-662-7239; Fax: +705-675-4858
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Abstract
The aging of the population worldwide will result in increasing numbers of elderly patients, among whom heart disease is the leading cause of death. Changes in cardiovascular physiology with normal aging and prevalent comorbidities result in differences in the effects of common cardiac problems as well as the response to their treatments. Patient-centered goals of care such as maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms may be preferred over increased longevity. New less-invasive treatments are likely to improve outcomes in elderly patients who previously have been considered at prohibitive risk for traditional procedures. Clinical trials enrolling elderly patients are limited and recommendations for management from younger patients frequently lack evidence-based support in patients aged >75 years.
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