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A Food-Based Intervention in a Military Dining Facility Improves Blood Fatty Acid Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040743. [PMID: 35215396 PMCID: PMC8879849 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing dietary omega-3 high unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) intake may confer neuroprotection, brain resiliency, improve wound healing and promote cardiovascular health. This study determined the efficacy of substituting a few common foods (chicken meat, chicken sausage, eggs, salad dressings, pasta sauces, cooking oil, mayonnaise, and peanut butter) lower in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and higher in n-3 HUFA in a dining facility on blood fatty acid profile. An eight-week prospective, between-subjects (n = 77), repeated measures, parallel-arm trial was conducted. Participants self-selected foods consumed from conventionally produced foods (control), or those lower n-6 PUFA and higher n-3 HUFA versions (intervention). Changes in blood omega-3 index, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), n-6 PUFA, lipid profile, and food satisfaction were main outcomes. Between-group differences over time were assessed using a linear mixed model to measure the effect of diet on blood serum fatty acids and inflammatory markers. The intervention group achieved a higher omega-3 index score (3.66 ± 0.71 vs. 2.95 ± 0.77; p < 0.05), lower total n-6 (10.1 ± 4.6 vs. 15.3 ± 6.7 µg/mL; p < 0.05), and higher serum concentration of EPA (5.0 ± 1.31 vs. 4.05 ± 1.56 µg/mL; p < 0.05) vs. controls. Satisfaction in intervention foods improved or remained consistent. Substitution of commonly eaten dining facility foods with like-items higher in DHA and EPA and lower in n-6 PUFA can favorably impact fatty acid status and the omega-3 index.
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Qiao B, Li X, Wu Y, Guo T, Tan Z. Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in Mice under Lard or Vegetable Blend Oil Diet. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1613-1624. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Tan Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Lopes PA, Bandarra NM, Martins SV, Martinho J, Alfaia CM, Madeira MS, Cardoso C, Afonso C, Paulo MC, Pinto RMA, Guil-Guerrero JL, Prates JAM. Markers of neuroprotection of combined EPA and DHA provided by fish oil are higher than those of EPA ( Nannochloropsis) and DHA ( Schizochytrium) from microalgae oils in Wistar rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:62. [PMID: 29026429 PMCID: PMC5622583 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To overcome the current overexploitation of fish rich in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), microalgae have become a promising marine lipid source. The purpose of this study was to assess eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), isolated or combined from distinct marine origins, on the promotion of neuroprotective effects. Methods The experiment lasted for 10 weeks and involved 32 Wistar rats, divided into 4 diets (n = 8): a diet rich in milk fat was taken as control (Milk Fat) and compared to n-3 LCPUFA enriched diets, either in EPA + DHA form through fish oil (Fish Oil), or EPA through Nannochloropsis oil (Nanno), or DHA through Schizochytrium oil (Schyzo), while maintaining Milk Fat incorporation. Results Plasma lipid profile and dopamine levels were more beneficial in Fish Oil diet. In addition, n-3 LCPUFA incorporation was found increased in liver and erythrocytes from Fish Oil fed rats, suggesting that fish oil is a better dietary source for fatty acids deposition in the organism than microalgae. The Forced Swimming Test revealed a positive behavioural action of EPA + DHA, in opposition to Milk Fat and Nanno diets, which had higher immobile times. mRNA levels of serotonin receptors, HT1A and HT2A along with CREB, the transmission factor for learning and memory, were higher in the hippocampus of rats fed n-3 LCPUFA diets comparative to Milk Fat. Conclusion Taken together, the combination of EPA and DHA from fish oil can counteract the undesirable health effects of saturated fat based diets and benefit, in the long run, neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana V Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Martinho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Alfaia
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta S Madeira
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- DIVAV, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C Paulo
- Depsiextracta - Tecnologias Biológicas, Lda., Quinta do Monte Novo-Taipadas, 2985-064 Canha, Portugal
| | - Rui M A Pinto
- iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.,Joaquim Chaves Saúde. Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, 1495-148 Miraflores, Algés, Portugal
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Kutzner L, Ostermann AI, Konrad T, Riegel D, Hellhake S, Schuchardt JP, Schebb NH. Lipid Class Specific Quantitative Analysis of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Food Supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:139-147. [PMID: 28005361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation products containing n-3 PUFA from marine sources serve a large market. Although the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the products is provided by the manufacturer, no or little information is available on their lipid pattern. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed the fatty acid pattern in the lipid fractions triglycerides, phospholipids, ethyl esters, and free fatty acids in supplementation products by means of solid phase extraction and gas chromatography. Twelve products from the European and U.S. markets containing fish, krill, algal, or plant oil were analyzed. Total n-3 PUFA content ranged from 68 g/100 g fat (fish oil) to 42 g/100 g fat (algal oil) to 17 g/100 g fat (krill oil). On the basis of the n-3 PUFA containing lipid class, the supplements can be separated dominantly in ethyl ester, re-esterified triglyceride, triglyceride, and phospholipid containing products. Algae-based products contained natural triglycerides, krill oils a complex mixture of phospholipids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids, and fish oil products either ethyl esters, re-esterified triglycerides, or triglycerides. Even products of the same class and source showed distinct differences in their lipid pattern. A specification of the lipid composition of n-3 PUFA products would allow distinguishing the different (qualities of) supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kutzner
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thade Konrad
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal , Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Riegel
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal , Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefan Hellhake
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal , Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal , Wuppertal, Germany
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Gomes PM, Hollanda-Miranda WR, Beraldo RA, Castro AV, Geloneze B, Foss MC, Foss-Freitas MC. Supplementation of α-linolenic acid improves serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrition 2015; 31:853-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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